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Goldszmid RS, Caspar P, Rivollier A, White S, Dzutsev A, Hieny S, Kelsall B, Trinchieri G, Sher A. NK cell-derived interferon-γ orchestrates cellular dynamics and the differentiation of monocytes into dendritic cells at the site of infection. Immunity 2012; 36:1047-59. [PMID: 22749354 PMCID: PMC3412151 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, and/or macrophages initiate host-protective immune responses to intracellular pathogens in part through interleukin-12 (IL-12) production, although the relative contribution of tissue resident versus recruited cells has been unclear. Here, we showed that after intraperitoneal infection with Toxoplasma gondii cysts, resident mononuclear phagocytes are replaced by circulating monocytes that differentiate in situ into inflammatory DCs (moDCs) and F4/80(+) macrophages. Importantly, NK cell-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was required for both the loss of resident mononuclear phagocytes and the local differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and moDCs. This newly generated moDC population and not the resident DCs (or macrophages) served as the major source of IL-12 at the site of infection. Thus, NK cell-derived IFN-γ is important in both regulating inflammatory cell dynamics and in driving the local differentiation of monocytes into the cells required for initiating the immune response to an important intracellular pathogen.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antigens, Ly/analysis
- Cell Differentiation
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/pathology
- Dendritic Cells/transplantation
- Genes, Reporter
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p40/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p40/genetics
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/transplantation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Monocytes/chemistry
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/pathology
- Monocytes/transplantation
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/physiology
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Peritonitis/immunology
- Peritonitis/parasitology
- Phagocytes/classification
- Phagocytes/immunology
- Phagocytes/pathology
- Receptors, Interferon/deficiency
- Receptors, Interferon/physiology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/immunology
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina S. Goldszmid
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Pat Caspar
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Aymeric Rivollier
- Mucosal Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sandy White
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Amiran Dzutsev
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Sara Hieny
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Brian Kelsall
- Mucosal Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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303
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Meredith MM, Liu K, Darrasse-Jeze G, Kamphorst AO, Schreiber HA, Guermonprez P, Idoyaga J, Cheong C, Yao KH, Niec RE, Nussenzweig MC. Expression of the zinc finger transcription factor zDC (Zbtb46, Btbd4) defines the classical dendritic cell lineage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:1153-65. [PMID: 22615130 PMCID: PMC3371731 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20112675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Classical dendritic cells (cDCs), monocytes, and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) arise from a common bone marrow precursor (macrophage and DC progenitors [MDPs]) and express many of the same surface markers, including CD11c. We describe a previously uncharacterized zinc finger transcription factor, zDC (Zbtb46, Btbd4), which is specifically expressed by cDCs and committed cDC precursors but not by monocytes, pDCs, or other immune cell populations. We inserted diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor (DTR) cDNA into the 3' UTR of the zDC locus to serve as an indicator of zDC expression and as a means to specifically deplete cDCs. Mice bearing this knockin express DTR in cDCs but not other immune cell populations, and DT injection into zDC-DTR bone marrow chimeras results in cDC depletion. In contrast to previously characterized CD11c-DTR mice, non-cDCs, including pDCs, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells, were spared after DT injection in zDC-DTR mice. We compared immune responses to Toxoplasma gondii and MO4 melanoma in DT-treated zDC- and CD11c-DTR mice and found that immunity was only partially impaired in zDC-DTR mice. Our results indicate that CD11c-expressing non-cDCs make significant contributions to initiating immunity to parasites and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Meredith
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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304
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Mirpuri J, Yarovinsky F. IL-6 signaling SOCS critical for IL-12 host response to Toxoplasma gondii. Future Microbiol 2012; 7:13-6. [PMID: 22191442 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.11.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SOCS are a family of proteins that play an important role in the negative regulation of the cytokine-JAK-STAT pathway. Socs3 deletion results in prolonged IL-6 signaling measured by STAT3 phosphorylation. A role for STAT3 and SOCS3 in the context of Toxoplasma gondii infection is of particular importance, because STAT3 appears to be a key target of T. gondii virulence factors. By utilizing LysM-cre Socs3(fl/fl) mice, the Hunter laboratory recently established that macrophage-specific SOCS3 knockout mice have enhanced susceptibility to infection with T. gondii. The authors demonstrated that lack of SOCS3-mediated control of IL-6 signaling results in acute susceptibility to T. gondii due to impaired IL-12 production by inflammatory monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. This article further explores these findings and their implications in the field of host resistance to microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mirpuri
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390-9093, USA
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305
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Chopin M, Allan RS, Belz GT. Transcriptional regulation of dendritic cell diversity. Front Immunol 2012; 3:26. [PMID: 22566910 PMCID: PMC3341959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen presenting cells that are exquisitely adapted to sense pathogens and induce the development of adaptive immune responses. They form a complex network of phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets. Within this network, individual DC subsets display highly specific roles in local immunosurveillance, migration, and antigen presentation. This division of labor amongst DCs offers great potential to tune the immune response by harnessing subset-specific attributes of DCs in the clinical setting. Until recently, our understanding of DC subsets has been limited and paralleled by poor clinical translation and efficacy. We have now begun to unravel how different DC subsets develop within a complex multilayered system. These findings open up exciting possibilities for targeted manipulation of DC subsets. Furthermore, ground-breaking developments overcoming a major translational obstacle - identification of similar DC populations in mouse and man - now sets the stage for significant advances in the field. Here we explore the determinants that underpin cellular and transcriptional heterogeneity within the DC network, how these influence DC distribution and localization at steady-state, and the capacity of DCs to present antigens via direct or cross-presentation during pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Chopin
- Division of Molecular Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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306
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Abstract
Specialized subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) provide a crucial link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. The genetic programme that coordinates these distinct DC subsets is controlled by both cytokines and transcription factors. The initial steps in DC specification occur in the bone marrow and result in the generation of precursors committed to either the plasmacytoid or conventional DC pathways. DCs undergo further differentiation and lineage diversification in peripheral organs in response to local environmental cues. In this Review, we discuss new evidence regarding the coordination of the specification and commitment of precursor cells to different DC subsets and highlight the ensemble of transcription factors that control these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle T Belz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia. ;
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307
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Abstract
CD8(+) dendritic cells comprise a distinct cell type whose function is unclear. In this issue of Immunity, Mashayekhi et al. (2011) show these cells are essential for protection against the parasite Toxoplasma, but Edelson et al. (2011) show they are hijacked by Listeria during initial spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Reizis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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308
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Edelson BT, Bradstreet TR, KC W, Hildner K, Herzog JW, Sim J, Russell JH, Murphy TL, Unanue ER, Murphy KM. Batf3-dependent CD11b(low/-) peripheral dendritic cells are GM-CSF-independent and are not required for Th cell priming after subcutaneous immunization. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25660. [PMID: 22065991 PMCID: PMC3196467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) subsets differ in precursor cell of origin, functional properties, requirements for growth factors, and dependence on transcription factors. Lymphoid-tissue resident CD8α(+) conventional DCs (cDCs) and CD11b(low/-)CD103(+) non-lymphoid DCs are developmentally related, each being dependent on FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L), and requiring the transcription factors Batf3, Irf8, and Id2 for development. It was recently suggested that granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was required for the development of dermal CD11b(low/-)Langerin(+)CD103(+) DCs, and that this dermal DC subset was required for priming autoreactive T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). Here, we compared development of peripheral tissue DCs and susceptibility to EAE in GM-CSF receptor deficient (Csf2rb(-/-)) and Batf3(-/-) mice. We find that Batf3-dependent dermal CD11b(low/-)Langerin(+) DCs do develop in Csf2rb(-/-) mice, but that they express reduced, but not absent, levels of CD103. Further, Batf3(-/-) mice lacking all peripheral CD11b(low/-) DCs show robust Th cell priming after subcutaneous immunization and are susceptible to EAE. Our results suggest that defective T effector priming and resistance to EAE exhibited by Csf2rb(-/-) mice does not result from the absence of dermal CD11b(low/-)Langerin(+)CD103(+) DCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/metabolism
- CD11b Antigen/metabolism
- CD8 Antigens/metabolism
- Cross-Priming/drug effects
- Cytokine Receptor Common beta Subunit/deficiency
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dermis/immunology
- Dermis/pathology
- Disease Susceptibility
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- Immunization
- Integrin alpha Chains/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/drug effects
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myelin Proteins/immunology
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/immunology
- Subcutaneous Tissue/drug effects
- Subcutaneous Tissue/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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