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Cantacessi C, Prasopdee S, Sotillo J, Mulvenna J, Tesana S, Loukas A. Coming out of the shell: building the molecular infrastructure for research on parasite-harbouring snails. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2284. [PMID: 24069465 PMCID: PMC3772040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Cantacessi
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sattrachai Prasopdee
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Parasitology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Mulvenna
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Smarn Tesana
- Department of Parasitology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
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302
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Phenethyl isothiocyanate induces apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells through interruption of glutathione and mitochondrial pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:1009-16. [PMID: 23949086 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a natural isothiocyanate with anticancer activity against many drug-resistant cancer cells. A body of evidence suggests that PEITC enhances oxidative stress leading to cancer cell death. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive bile duct cancer with resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. PEITC rapidly kills KKU-100 CCA cells with concurrent induction of cellular glutathione depletion, superoxide formation, and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. The loss was associated with increased Bax and decreased Bcl-xl proteins followed by the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase-9 and -3. Although TEMPOL could prevent superoxide formation, it did not prevent the disruption of glutathione (GSH) redox, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death. On the other hand, N-acetylcysteine could prevent the events and cell death. It was concluded that disruption of GSH redox but not superoxide formation may be an initial step leading to mitochondrial injury. PEITC could be a promising chemopreventive agent for CCA.
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303
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Plieskatt JL, Deenonpoe R, Mulvenna JP, Krause L, Sripa B, Bethony JM, Brindley PJ. Infection with the carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini modifies intestinal and biliary microbiome. FASEB J 2013; 27:4572-84. [PMID: 23925654 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-232751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini is a fish-borne trematode endemic in East Asia. Following ingestion, the flukes locate to the biliary tre where chronic infection frequently leads to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The mechanisms by which O. viverrini infection culminates in CCA remain unknown. An unexplored aspect is its influence on the host microbiome. In the hamster, infection with this pathogen reliably leads to CCA. Genomic DNAs of microbiota from colorectal contents and bile of hamsters and from whole O. viverrini were examined in this model of fluke-induced CCA. Microbial communities were characterized by high-throughput sequencing of variable regions 7-9 of prokaryotic 16S ribosomal DNA. Of ∼1 million sequences, 536,009 with useable reads were assignable to 29,776 operational taxonomy units (OTUs) and, in turn, to 20 phyla and 273 genera of Bacteria or Archaea. Microbial community analyses revealed that fluke infection perturbed the gastrointestinal tract microbiome, increasing Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae, while decreasing Porphyromonadaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Eubacteriaceae (P≤0.05). More than 60 OTUs were detected in the biliary system, which confirmed bacteriobilia and a noteworthy community of microbes associated with the parasites. The fluke-associated microorganisms included potential pathogens from the Enterobacteriaceae and Listeriaceae and others, including Cyanobacteria and Deinococci, usually found in external environments. Given that opisthorchiasis is distinguished from other helminth infections by a robust inflammatory phenotype with conspicuously elevated IL-6, and that inflammation of the biliary system leads to periductal fibrosis, which is a precursor of CCA, the flukes and their microbiota may together drive this distinctive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Plieskatt
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA. P.J.B.,
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304
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Xayaseng V, Phongluxa K, van Eeuwijk P, Akkhavong K, Odermatt P. Raw fish consumption in liver fluke endemic areas in rural southern Laos. Acta Trop 2013; 127:105-11. [PMID: 23567553 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked fish is a major public health concern in Southeast Asia, and in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), in particular. We aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practices of villagers in liver fluke endemic areas related to raw fish preparation, consumption and its health consequences. In February 2010, eight focus group discussions (FGDs, 35 men and 37 women total) and direct observations were conducted in four randomly selected villages in Saravane District, Saravane Province (Lao PDR). FGDs distilled the knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practices of adult community members on raw fish preparation, consumption and its consequences for health. Conversations were transcribed from notes and tape-recorders. MaxQDA software was used for content analysis. Knowledge regarding the health effects of raw fish consumption was heterogeneous. Some participants did not associate liver fluke infection with any ill health, while others linked it to digestive problems. Participants also associated vegetables and tree leave consumption with liver fluke infection. The majority of FGD participants considered fish flesh that had been prepared with weaver ant extract to be safe for consumption. Visual appearance, taste, smell and personal preference were given as reasons for consuming raw fish dishes. Moreover, participants considered it a traditional way of food preparation, practiced for generations in Laos. Ten different fish dishes that use raw or fermented fish were identified. All FGD participants reported consuming dishes with raw fish. This study reveals a low degree of knowledge among local people on the health risks related to frequent consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked fish. Fish dishes were considered to be 'well-prepared' (that is, 'cooked') even though the fish had not been heated. In future, successful health education campaigns will have to address the specific knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practices of the concerned population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilavanh Xayaseng
- National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
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305
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Opisthorchis viverrini-like liver fluke in birds from Vietnam: morphological variability and rDNA/mtDNA sequence confirmation. J Helminthol 2013; 88:441-6. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x13000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractFlukes were found in the bile ducts of domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), necropsied in the Binh Dinh province of Central Vietnam. Following staining, morphological characteristics of the bird flukes were compatible with Opisthorchis viverrini, although some characteristics differed from those described in specimens collected from mammal hosts. Computation of the phylogenetic trees on the partial sequences of the second internal ribosomal spacer (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) markers of the mitochondrial DNA showed close similarity of the ‘bird’ Opisthorchis sp. with O. viverrini. We speculate that these bird flukes are O. viverrini that show intraspecies morphological and molecular variability compared to isolates from mammals. This demonstrates the complex epidemiological situation of opisthorchiasis in Vietnam and urges investigations on the potential of birds as a reservoir host of this zoonotic fluke.
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306
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Saengsawang P, Promthet S, Bradshaw P. Infection with Opisthorchis viverrini and Use of Praziquantel among a Working-age Population in Northeast Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:2963-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.5.2963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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307
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Saichua P, Sithithaworn P, Jariwala AR, Deimert DJ, Sithithaworn J, Sripa B, Laha T, Mairiang E, Pairojkul C, Periago MV, Khuntikeo N, Mulvenna J, Bethony JM. Microproteinuria during Opisthorchis viverrini infection: a biomarker for advanced renal and hepatobiliary pathologies from chronic opisthorchiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2228. [PMID: 23717698 PMCID: PMC3662652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 680 million people are at risk of infection with Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) and Clonorchis sinensis, with an estimated 10 million infected with OV in Southeast Asia alone. While opisthorchiasis is associated with hepatobiliary pathologies, such as advanced periductal fibrosis (APF) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), animal models of OV infection show that immune-complex glomerulonephritis is an important renal pathology that develops simultaneously with hepatobiliary pathologies. A cardinal sign of immune-complex glomerulonephritis is the urinary excretion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (microproteinuria). In community-based studies in OV endemic areas along the Chi River in northeastern Thailand, we observed that over half of the participants had urine IgG against a crude OV antigen extract (OV antigen). We also observed that elevated levels of urine IgG to OV antigen were not associated with the intensity of OV infection, but were likely the result of immune-complex glomerulonephritis as seen in animal models of OV infection. Moreover, we observed that urine IgG to OV antigen was excreted at concentrations 21 times higher in individuals with APF and 158 times higher in individuals with CCA than controls. We also observed that elevated urine IgG to OV antigen could identify APF+ and CCA+ individuals from non-cases. Finally, individuals with urine IgG to OV antigen had a greater risk of APF as determined by Odds Ratios (OR = 6.69; 95%CI: 2.87, 15.58) and a greater risk of CCA (OR = 71.13; 95%CI: 15.13, 334.0) than individuals with no detectable level of urine IgG to OV antigen. Herein, we show for the first time the extensive burden of renal pathology in OV endemic areas and that a urine biomarker could serve to estimate risk for both renal and hepatobiliary pathologies during OV infection, i.e., serve as a “syndromic biomarker” of the advanced pathologies from opisthorchiasis. Approximately 680 million people risk infection with food-borne trematodes, including Opisthorchis viverrini (OV). Animal models show that significant kidney pathology results from OV infection as detected by antibodies in urine (microproteinuria). However, kidney pathology in humans infected with OV is often overlooked because it develops alongside more severe pathologies such as bile duct fibrosis and bile duct cancer. In Northeastern Thailand, the researchers observed that OV infected individuals had elevated levels of urine IgG against OV antigen that was not associated with the level of OV infection. The researchers observed that urine IgG to OV antigen was associated with bile duct fibrosis and bile duct cancer. Moreover, individuals with urine IgG to OV antigen also had elevated risk of bile duct fibrosis and bile duct cancer than individuals with no urine IgG to OV antigen. For the first time, OV infection has been shown to result in significant kidney disease in humans, which is also strongly associated with bile duct pathology. A urine-based assay that could indicate both renal and bile duct pathology from OV infection would be of profound benefit in Southeast Asia, especially in the resource-limited settings of the Mekong Basin region countries of Thailand, Laos and Cambodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasert Saichua
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- * E-mail: (P. Sithithaworn); (J.M. Bethony)
| | - Amar R. Jariwala
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine and Center for the Neglected Diseases of Poverty, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - David J. Deimert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine and Center for the Neglected Diseases of Poverty, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Jiraporn Sithithaworn
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thewarach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Eimorn Mairiang
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Maria Victoria Periago
- Insituto René Rachou, Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jason Mulvenna
- Infections and Cancer, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M. Bethony
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine and Center for the Neglected Diseases of Poverty, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- * E-mail: (P. Sithithaworn); (J.M. Bethony)
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308
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Botelho MC, Vale N, Gouveia MJ, Rinaldi G, Santos J, Santos LL, Gomes P, Brindley PJ, Correia da Costa JM. Tumour-like phenotypes in urothelial cells after exposure to antigens from eggs of Schistosoma haematobium: an oestrogen-DNA adducts mediated pathway? Int J Parasitol 2012; 43:17-26. [PMID: 23260770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infection with the blood fluke, Schistosoma haematobium, is associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. Previously, it has been shown that soluble extracts of mixed sex adult S. haematobium worms (SWAP) are tumourigenic, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, oestrogen-related molecules in SWAP of S. haematobium down-regulate oestrogen receptors (ERs) alpha and beta in oestrogen responsive cells. Moreover, schistosome oestrogens occur in sera of persons with schistosomiasis haematobia and repress transcription of ERs in urothelial cells. Given that eggs of S. haematobium are the developmental stage directly responsible for urogenital disease during schistosomiasis haematobia, we suspected that soluble antigens from S. haematobium eggs exhibit similar or more potent tumorigenic capacity. Here we investigated the tumorigenic potential of soluble egg antigens (Sh-SEA) of S. haematobium and the endocrine system in favouring parasitism by schistosomes. The findings confirmed that 6.25μg/ml of Sh-SEA was enough to stimulate cell proliferation, reduce apoptosis and increase oxidative stress of Sh-SEA-exposed urothelial cells. In addition, genotoxic effects of Sh-SEA on these cells were determined by using alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet). Furthermore, Liquid Chromatography Diode Array Detection Electron Spray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry indicated the presence of catechol-oestrogens in S. haematobium SEA. A prospective oestrogen-DNA adduct mediated pathway in S. haematobium egg induced bladder cancer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica C Botelho
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, ICETA, University of Porto, Portugal.
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