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Kader AA, Choi A, Orief Y, Agarwal A. Factors affecting the outcome of human blastocyst vitrification. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:99. [PMID: 19758458 PMCID: PMC2757025 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
With single blastocyst transfer practice becoming more common in ART, there is a greater demand for a convenient and reliable cryostorage of surplus blastocysts. Vitrification has emerged in the last decade as an alternative promising substitute for slow freezing. Blastocysts represent a unique challenge in cryostorage due to their size, multicellular structure and presence of blastocoele. The continuous acquisition of experience and introduction of many different technological developments has led to the improvement of vitrification as a technology and improved the results of its application in blastocyst cryostorage. The current information concerning safety and efficacy of the vitrification of blastocysts will be reviewed along with the variables that can impact the outcome of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Kader
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Ob/Gyn and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
- Center of Surgical Innovation, Technology and Education, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Audrey Choi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Ob/Gyn and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yasser Orief
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Ob/Gyn and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Center of Surgical Innovation, Technology and Education, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Ob/Gyn and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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