301
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Tian J, Jarujamrus P, Li L, Li M, Shen W. Strategy to enhance the wettability of bioacive paper-based sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:6573-6578. [PMID: 23151066 DOI: 10.1021/am301699m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a potential method that can restore the wettability of bioactive paper-based sensors while maintaining their bioactivity. This study is driven by the need to increase the wettability of the antibody-loaded blood typing paper devices in order to increase the blood typing assaying speed using such paper devices. Plasma treatment is used to improve the wettability of bioactive paper; the protective effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to biomolecules against plasma deactivation is investigated. In the first stage, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used as a model biomolecule, because of the convenience of its quantifiable colorimetric reaction with a substrate. By using this protection approach, the inactivation of biomolecules on paper during the plasma treatment is significantly slowed down. This approach enables plasma treatment to be used for fabricating paper-based bioactive sensors to achieve strong wettability for rapid penetration of liquid samples or reagents. Finally, we demonstrate the use of plasma treatment to increase the wettability of antibody treated blood typing paper. After the treatment, the blood typing paper becomes highly wettable; it allows much faster penetration of blood samples into the plasma treated testing paper. Antibodies on the paper are still sufficiently active for blood typing and can report patients' blood type accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia
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302
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Kwong P, Gupta M. Vapor Phase Deposition of Functional Polymers onto Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices for Advanced Unit Operations. Anal Chem 2012; 84:10129-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302861v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kwong
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Malancha Gupta
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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303
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Wang S, Ge L, Zhang Y, Song X, Li N, Ge S, Yu J. Battery-triggered microfluidic paper-based multiplex electrochemiluminescence immunodevice based on potential-resolution strategy. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:4489-98. [PMID: 22971643 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40707h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A potential-resolution strategy for multiplex electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay on a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μ-PAD) was demonstrated for the first time, using tris-(bipyridine)-ruthenium(ii) (Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)) and carbon nanodots (CNDs) as the ECL labels for high-throughput ECL immunoassay on μ-PAD. Based on this strategy, simultaneous detection of four tumor markers using only two screen-printed carbon working electrodes (one electrode for two analytes) on an immunodevice consisting of a piece of patterned paper (denoted as μ-PECLI in this work) was realized, which is a simplification of the configuration of traditional μ-PADs. As a further development of μ-PECLI in low-cost and disposable applications, battery-triggered (constant-potential) ECL detection on μ-PECLI was developed, allowing the traditional electrochemical workstation to be abandoned. In addition, to exactly control the output voltage of the battery, a low-cost and simple voltage-controller was designed and fabricated for the first time. The battery-triggered ECL immunoassay principle on μ-PECLI is explained. We found that the simultaneous determination of two analytes in one paper working zone could be achieved by controlling the operational constant-potential (+1.2 V for Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) labels and -1.2 V for CNDs labels (vs. Ag/AgCl auxiliary electrode)) by simply reversing the connection mode. Finally, four tumor markers in human serum samples from the Tumor Hospital were assayed and the results obtained were in acceptable agreement with the reference values from parallel single-analyte test. This battery-triggered μ-PECLI provides a new strategy for high-throughput, low-cost, sensitive, automated and simultaneous multiplex immunoassay and point-of-care diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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304
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de Souza FR, Alves GL, Coltro WKT. Capillary-Driven Toner-Based Microfluidic Devices for Clinical Diagnostics with Colorimetric Detection. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9002-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302506k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Ribeiro de Souza
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia,
P.O. Box 131, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Liberato Alves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia,
P.O. Box 131, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia,
P.O. Box 131, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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305
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Jayawardane B, McKelvie ID, Kolev SD. A paper-based device for measurement of reactive phosphate in water. Talanta 2012; 100:454-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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306
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Zhao X, Dong T. Multifunctional sample preparation kit and on-chip quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification tests for microbial detection. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8541-8. [PMID: 22985130 DOI: 10.1021/ac3020609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (Q-NASBA) microfluidic platform composed of a membrane-based sampling module, a sample preparation cassette, and a 24-channel Q-NASBA chip for environmental investigations on aquatic microorganisms. This low-cost and highly efficient sampling module, having seamless connection with the subsequent steps of sample preparation and quantitative detection, is designed for the collection of microbial communities from aquatic environments. Eight kinds of commercial membrane filters are relevantly analyzed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus as model microorganisms. After the microorganisms are concentrated on the membrane filters, the retentate can be easily conserved in a transport medium (TM) buffer and sent to a remote laboratory. A Q-NASBA-oriented sample preparation cassette is originally designed to extract DNA/RNA molecules directly from the captured cells on the membranes. Sequentially, the extract is analyzed within Q-NASBA chips that are compatible with common microplate readers in laboratories. Particularly, a novel analytical algorithmic method is developed for simple but robust on-chip Q-NASBA assays. The reported multifunctional microfluidic system could detect a few microorganisms quantitatively and simultaneously. Further research should be conducted to simplify and standardize ecological investigations on aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zhao
- (IMST) Department of Micro and Nano Systems Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Marine Sciences, (HiVE) Vestfold University College, Norway
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307
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Vatansever F, Burtovyy R, Zdyrko B, Ramaratnam K, Andrukh T, Minko S, Owens JR, Kornev KG, Luzinov I. Toward fabric-based flexible microfluidic devices: pointed surface modification for pH sensitive liquid transport. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:4541-8. [PMID: 22873785 DOI: 10.1021/am3008664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic fiber channels with switchable water transport are fabricated in flexible textile PET/PP materials using a preprogrammed yarn-based fabric and a yarn-selective surface modification method. The developed robust and scalable fabrication method is based on the selective functionalization of the PET yarns with an epoxide-containing polymer that is then followed by grafting patterns of different pH-sensitive polymers PAA [poly(acrylic acid) ] and P2VP [poly(2-vinyl pyridine)]. The selective functionalization of the fabric yields an array of amphiphilic channels that are constrained by hydrophobic PP boundaries. Aqueous solutions are transported in the amphiphilic channels by capillary forces where the direction of the liquid transport is defined by pH-response of the grafted polymers. The channels are fed with liquid through hydrophilic, pH insensitive PEG [polyethylene glycol] ports. The combination of the PAA and P2VP patterns in the amphiphilic channels is used to create pH-sensitive elements that redirect aqueous liquids toward PAA channels at pH > 4 and toward both PAA and P2VP channels at pH < 4. The system of pH-selective channels in the developed textile based microfluidic chip could find analytical applications and can be used for smart cloth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fehime Vatansever
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, 161 Sirrine Hall, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
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308
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Zhang M, Ge L, Ge S, Yan M, Yu J, Huang J, Liu S. Three-dimensional paper-based electrochemiluminescence device for simultaneous detection of Pb2+ and Hg2+ based on potential-control technique. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 41:544-50. [PMID: 23058662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPADs) has been proposed for simultaneous electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection of lead ion (Pb(2+)) and mercury ion (Hg(2+)) based on oligonucleotide. The functionalized wax-patterned three-dimensional (3D) paper-based ECL device that can provide fast, cost-effective, simple, and sensitive detection for analysis was dependent on Pb(2+) and Hg(2+)-induced conformational change of DNA strands through the formation of G-quadruplex and T-Hg-T complex, respectively. The carbon nanocrystals (CNCs) capped silica nanoparticles (Si@CNCs) and Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)-gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) aggregates (Ru@AuNPs) were both used as ECL labels in our case. Structure characterization of Si@CNCs and Ru@AuNPs were obtained by the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Due to the different operational potentials of Si@CNCs and Ru@AuNPs, Pb(2+) and Hg(2+) coexisting in one paper working zone can be determined simultaneously with detection limits of 10 pM and 0.2 nM, respectively. Finally, this simple and cost-effective device was successfully applied for simultaneous detection of Pb(2+) and Hg(2+) in lake water and human serum samples, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan), Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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309
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Simple silver nanoparticle colorimetric sensing for copper by paper-based devices. Talanta 2012; 99:552-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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310
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Kobaku SPR, Kota AK, Lee DH, Mabry JM, Tuteja A. Patterned Superomniphobic-Superomniphilic Surfaces: Templates for Site-Selective Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10109-13. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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311
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Kobaku SPR, Kota AK, Lee DH, Mabry JM, Tuteja A. Patterned Superomniphobic-Superomniphilic Surfaces: Templates for Site-Selective Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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312
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Recent advances in paper-based sensors. SENSORS 2012; 12:11505-26. [PMID: 23112667 PMCID: PMC3478794 DOI: 10.3390/s120911505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Paper-based sensors are a new alternative technology for fabricating simple, low-cost, portable and disposable analytical devices for many application areas including clinical diagnosis, food quality control and environmental monitoring. The unique properties of paper which allow passive liquid transport and compatibility with chemicals/biochemicals are the main advantages of using paper as a sensing platform. Depending on the main goal to be achieved in paper-based sensors, the fabrication methods and the analysis techniques can be tuned to fulfill the needs of the end-user. Current paper-based sensors are focused on microfluidic delivery of solution to the detection site whereas more advanced designs involve complex 3-D geometries based on the same microfluidic principles. Although paper-based sensors are very promising, they still suffer from certain limitations such as accuracy and sensitivity. However, it is anticipated that in the future, with advances in fabrication and analytical techniques, that there will be more new and innovative developments in paper-based sensors. These sensors could better meet the current objectives of a viable low-cost and portable device in addition to offering high sensitivity and selectivity, and multiple analyte discrimination. This paper is a review of recent advances in paper-based sensors and covers the following topics: existing fabrication techniques, analytical methods and application areas. Finally, the present challenges and future outlooks are discussed.
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313
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Chen H, Cogswell J, Anagnostopoulos C, Faghri M. A fluidic diode, valves, and a sequential-loading circuit fabricated on layered paper. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:2909-13. [PMID: 22699228 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc20970e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Current microfluidic paper-based devices lack crucial components for fluid manipulation. We created a fluidic diode fabricated entirely on a single layer of paper to control the wicking of fluids. The fluidic diode is a two-terminal component that promotes or stops wicking along a paper channel. We further constructed a trigger and a delay valve based on the fluidic diode. Furthermore, we demonstrated a high-level functional circuit, consisting of a diode and a delay valve, to manipulate two fluids in a sequential manner. Our study provides new, transformative tools to manipulate fluid in microfluidic paper-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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314
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Abstract
Because of intensive developments in recent years, the microfluidic system has become a powerful tool for biological analysis. Entire analytic protocols including sample pretreatment, sample/reagent manipulation, separation, reaction, and detection can be integrated into a single chip platform. A lot of demonstrations on the diagnostic applications related to genes, proteins, and cells have been reported because of their advantages associated with miniaturization, automation, sensitivity, and specificity. The aim of this article is to review recent developments in microfluidic systems for diagnostic applications. Based on the categories of various fluid-manipulating mechanisms and biological detection approaches, in-depth discussion of the microfluidic-based diagnostic systems is provided. Moreover, a brief discussion on materials and manufacturing techniques will be included. The current excellent integration of microfluidic systems and diagnostic applications suggests a solid foundation for the development of practical point-of-care devices.
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315
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Na N, Liu T, Yang X, Sun B, Ouyang J, Ouyang J. A simple cellulose acetate membrane-based small lanes technique for protein electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:753-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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316
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Nie J, Zhang Y, Lin L, Zhou C, Li S, Zhang L, Li J. Low-Cost Fabrication of Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices by One-Step Plotting. Anal Chem 2012; 84:6331-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac203496c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Nie
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Liwen Lin
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Caibin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shuhuai Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lianming Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jianping Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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317
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Wang S, Ge L, Song X, Yan M, Ge S, Yu J, Zeng F. Simple and covalent fabrication of a paper device and its application in sensitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. Analyst 2012; 137:3821-7. [PMID: 22773999 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35266d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) was introduced into the recently proposed microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) through covalent fabrication strategy for the first time. This novel paper-based CLIA, with high-throughput, rapid, stable and reusable CL response to trace amounts of analyte in real biological samples, combines the simplicity and low-cost of the μPADs with the high sensitivity and selectivity of CLIA. Periodate oxidation, which can form covalent bonds between polysaccharides and proteins, was used for activation of μPADs to covalently immobilize antibodies on μPADs in this work for the first time. Thus, the paper-based sandwich CLIA and regeneration of it can be easily realized for further development of this technique in sensitive, specific and low-cost applications. The application test of this paper-based CLIA was successfully performed, as a model, through the determination of biomarkers in human serum on paper microzone plate. The paper-based CLIA will be very useful when the level of an analyte in real biological sample is important for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
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318
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Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices: from POCKET to paper-based ELISA. Bioanalysis 2012; 3:2589-92. [PMID: 22136046 DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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319
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Ngo YH, Li D, Simon GP, Garnier G. Gold nanoparticle-paper as a three-dimensional surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:8782-90. [PMID: 22594710 DOI: 10.1021/la3012734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the effect of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) addition to paper substrate and examines the ability of these composite materials to amplify the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal of a dye adsorbed. Paper has a three-dimensional (3D), porous, and heterogeneous morphology. The manner in which paper adsorbs the nanoparticles is crucial to its SERS properties, particularly with regards to aggregation. In this work, we sought to maintain the same degree of aggregation, while changing the concentration of nanoparticles deposited on paper. We achieved this by dipping paper into AuNP solutions of different, known concentration and found that the initial packing density of AuNPs in solutions was retained on paper with the same degree of aggregation. The surface coverage of AuNPs on paper was found to scale linearly to their concentration profile in solutions. The SERS performances of the AuNP-treated papers were evaluated with 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) as the Raman molecule, and their SERS intensities increased linearly with the AuNPs' concentration. Compared to AuNP-treated silicon, the Raman enhancement factor (EF) from paper was relatively higher due to a more uniform and greater degree of adsorption of AuNPs. The effect of the spatial distribution of AuNPs in their substrates on SERS activity was also investigated. In this experiment, the number of AuNPs was kept constant (a 1 μL droplet of AuNPs was deposited on all substrates), and the distribution profile of AuNPs was controlled by the nature of the substrate: paper, silicon, and hydrophobized paper. The AuNP droplet on paper showed the most reproducible and sensitive SERS signal. This highlighted the role of the z-distribution (through film) of AuNPs within the bulk of the paper, producing a 3D multilayer structure to allow inter- and intralayer plasmon coupling, and hence amplifying the SERS signal. The SERS performance of nanoparticle-functionalized paper can thus be optimized by controlling the 3D distribution of the metallic nanoparticles, and such control is critical if these systems are to be implemented as a low-cost and highly sensitive bioassay platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hui Ngo
- BioPRIA, Australian Pulp and Paper Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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320
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Abstract
We review the current typical materials of microfluidic chip and discuss the microfabrication technologies. A variety of materials exist for fabrication of microchip, including silicon, glass, quartz, polymers and paper. Early developments in microchip materials were focus on the silicon, glass and quartz by referring to the sophisticated microfabrication techniques from microelectronics field. Recently, the introductions of low-cost materials and easily fabricated techniques have offered more alternative ways for rapid prototyping of disposable devices.
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321
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Chen X, Chen J, Wang F, Xiang X, Luo M, Ji X, He Z. Determination of glucose and uric acid with bienzyme colorimetry on microfluidic paper-based analysis devices. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 35:363-368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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322
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Li M, Tian J, Al-Tamimi M, Shen W. Paper-based blood typing device that reports patient's blood type "in writing". Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5497-501. [PMID: 22511466 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaosi Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
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323
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Li M, Tian J, Al-Tamimi M, Shen W. Paper-Based Blood Typing Device That Reports Patient’s Blood Type “in Writing”. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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324
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Greenbaum A, Sikora U, Ozcan A. Field-portable wide-field microscopy of dense samples using multi-height pixel super-resolution based lensfree imaging. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:1242-5. [PMID: 22334329 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc21072j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a field-portable lensfree microscope that can image dense and connected specimens with sub-micron resolution over a large field-of-view of ~30 mm(2) (i.e., ~6.4 mm × ~4.6 mm) using pixel super-resolution and iterative phase recovery techniques. Weighing ~122 grams with dimensions of 4 cm × 4 cm × 15 cm, this microscope records lensfree in-line holograms of specimens onto an opto-electronic sensor-array using partially coherent illumination. To reconstruct the phase and amplitude images of dense samples (with >0.3 billion pixels in each image, i.e., >0.6 billion pixels total), we employ a multi-height imaging approach, where by using a mechanical interface the sensor-to-sample distance is dynamically changed by random discrete steps of e.g., ~10 to 80 μm. By digitally propagating back and forth between these multi-height super-resolved holograms (corresponding to typically 2-5 planes), phase and amplitude images of dense samples can be recovered without the need for any spatial masks or filtering. We demonstrate the performance of this field-portable multi-height lensfree microscope by imaging Papanicolaou smears (also known as Pap tests). Our results reveal the promising potential of this multi-height lensfree computational microscopy platform for e.g., pathology needs in resource limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Greenbaum
- UCLA Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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325
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Li X, Ballerini DR, Shen W. A perspective on paper-based microfluidics: Current status and future trends. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2012; 6:11301-1130113. [PMID: 22662067 PMCID: PMC3365319 DOI: 10.1063/1.3687398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
"Paper-based microfluidics" or "lab on paper," as a burgeoning research field with its beginning in 2007, provides a novel system for fluid handling and fluid analysis for a variety of applications including health diagnostics, environmental monitoring as well as food quality testing. The reasons why paper becomes an attractive substrate for making microfluidic systems include: (1) it is a ubiquitous and extremely cheap cellulosic material; (2) it is compatible with many chemical/biochemical/medical applications; and (3) it transports liquids using capillary forces without the assistance of external forces. By building microfluidic channels on paper, liquid flow is confined within the channels, and therefore, liquid flow can be guided in a controlled manner. A variety of 2D and even 3D microfluidic channels have been created on paper, which are able to transport liquids in the predesigned pathways on paper. At the current stage of its development, paper-based microfluidic system is claimed to be low-cost, easy-to-use, disposable, and equipment-free, and therefore, is a rising technology particularly relevant to improving the healthcare and disease screening in the developing world, especially for those areas with no- or low-infrastructure and limited trained medical and health professionals. The research in paper-based microfluidics is experiencing a period of explosion; most published works have focused on: (1) inventing low-cost and simple fabrication techniques for paper-based microfluidic devices; and (2) exploring new applications of paper-based microfluidics by incorporating efficient detection methods. This paper aims to review both the fabrication techniques and applications of paper-based microfluidics reported to date. This paper also attempts to convey to the readers, from the authors' point of view the current limitations of paper-based microfluidics which require further research, and a few perspective directions this new analytical system may take in its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Australian Pulp and Paper Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria 3800, Australia
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326
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Biomolecule immobilization techniques for bioactive paper fabrication. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:7-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5821-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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327
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Reprint of: Application of micro-thin-layer chromatography as a simple fractionation tool for fast screening of raw extracts derived from complex biological, pharmaceutical and environmental samples. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 716:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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328
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Wang P, Ge L, Yan M, Song X, Ge S, Yu J. Paper-based three-dimensional electrochemical immunodevice based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized paper for sensitive point-of-care testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 32:238-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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329
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Greenbaum A, Ozcan A. Maskless imaging of dense samples using pixel super-resolution based multi-height lensfree on-chip microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:3129-43. [PMID: 22330550 PMCID: PMC3364049 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.003129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lensfree in-line holographic microscopy offers sub-micron resolution over a large field-of-view (e.g., ~24 mm2) with a cost-effective and compact design suitable for field use. However, it is limited to relatively low-density samples. To mitigate this limitation, we demonstrate an on-chip imaging approach based on pixel super-resolution and phase recovery, which iterates among multiple lensfree intensity measurements, each having a slightly different sample-to-sensor distance. By digitally aligning and registering these lensfree intensity measurements, phase and amplitude images of dense and connected specimens can be iteratively reconstructed over a large field-of-view of ~24 mm2 without the use of any spatial masks. We demonstrate the success of this multi-height in-line holographic approach by imaging dense Papanicolaou smears (i.e., Pap smears) and blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Greenbaum
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095,
USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095,
USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095,
USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095,
USA
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330
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Yang X, Forouzan O, Brown TP, Shevkoplyas SS. Integrated separation of blood plasma from whole blood for microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:274-80. [PMID: 22094609 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20803a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Many diagnostic tests in a conventional clinical laboratory are performed on blood plasma because changes in its composition often reflect the current status of pathological processes throughout the body. Recently, a significant research effort has been invested into the development of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) implementing these conventional laboratory tests for point-of-care diagnostics in resource-limited settings. This paper describes the use of red blood cell (RBC) agglutination for separating plasma from finger-prick volumes of whole blood directly in paper, and demonstrates the utility of this approach by integrating plasma separation and a colorimetric assay in a single μPAD. The μPAD was fabricated by printing its pattern onto chromatography paper with a solid ink (wax) printer and melting the ink to create hydrophobic barriers spanning through the entire thickness of the paper substrate. The μPAD was functionalized by spotting agglutinating antibodies onto the plasma separation zone in the center and the reagents of the colorimetric assay onto the test readout zones on the periphery of the device. To operate the μPAD, a drop of whole blood was placed directly onto the plasma separation zone of the device. RBCs in the whole blood sample agglutinated and remained in the central zone, while separated plasma wicked through the paper substrate into the test readout zones where analyte in plasma reacted with the reagents of the colorimetric assay to produce a visible color change. The color change was digitized with a portable scanner and converted to concentration values using a calibration curve. The purity and yield of separated plasma was sufficient for successful operation of the μPAD. This approach to plasma separation based on RBC agglutination will be particularly useful for designing fully integrated μPADs operating directly on small samples of whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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331
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Jarujamrus P, Tian J, Li X, Siripinyanond A, Shiowatana J, Shen W. Mechanisms of red blood cells agglutination in antibody-treated paper. Analyst 2012; 137:2205-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an15798e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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332
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Ge L, Yan J, Song X, Yan M, Ge S, Yu J. Three-dimensional paper-based electrochemiluminescence immunodevice for multiplexed measurement of biomarkers and point-of-care testing. Biomaterials 2011; 33:1024-31. [PMID: 22074665 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay was introduced into the recently proposed microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPADs) based on directly screen-printed electrodes on paper for the very first time. The screen-printed paper-electrodes will be more important for further development of this paper-based ECL device in simple, low-cost and disposable application than commercialized ones. To further perform high-performance, high-throughput, simple and inexpensive ECL immunoassay on μPAD for point-of-care testing, a wax-patterned three-dimensional (3D) paper-based ECL device was demonstrated for the very first time. In this 3D paper-based ECL device, eight carbon working electrodes including their conductive pads were screen-printed on a piece of square paper and shared the same Ag/AgCl reference and carbon counter electrodes on another piece of square paper after stacking. Using typical tris-(bipyridine)-ruthenium (Ⅱ) - tri-n-propylamine ECL system, the application test of this 3D paper-based ECL device was performed through the diagnosis of four tumor markers in real clinical serum samples. With the aid of a facile device-holder and a section-switch assembled on the analyzer, eight working electrodes were sequentially placed into the circuit to trigger the ECL reaction in the sweeping range from 0.5 to 1.1 V at room temperature. In addition, this 3D paper-based ECL device can be easily integrated and combined with the recently emerging paper electronics to further develop simple, sensitive, low-cost, disposable and portable μPAD for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
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333
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Hossain SMZ, Brennan JD. β-Galactosidase-Based Colorimetric Paper Sensor for Determination of Heavy Metals. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8772-8. [PMID: 22029903 DOI: 10.1021/ac202290d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Zakir Hossain
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1
| | - John D. Brennan
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1
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334
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Hwang H, Kim SH, Kim TH, Park JK, Cho YK. Paper on a disc: balancing the capillary-driven flow with a centrifugal force. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:3404-6. [PMID: 21863153 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20445a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the active control of the capillary-driven flow in paper using a centrifugal device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyundoo Hwang
- School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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335
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Wang S, Ge L, Song X, Yu J, Ge S, Huang J, Zeng F. Paper-based chemiluminescence ELISA: lab-on-paper based on chitosan modified paper device and wax-screen-printing. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 31:212-8. [PMID: 22051546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel lab-on-paper device combining the simplicity and low-cost of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) and the sensitivity and selectivity of chemiluminescence ELISA (CL-ELISA) for the high-throughput, rapid, stable and reusable point-of-care testing is presented here. Chitosan was used to modify μPADs to covalently immobilize antibodies on μPADs. Thus, sandwich CL-ELISA on μPADs can be easily realized for further development of this technique in sensitive, specific and low-cost application. The paper device was fabricated by a low-cost, simple, and rapid wax-screen-printing method. Using tumor markers and paper microzone plate as model, the application test of this paper-based CL-ELISA was successfully performed with a linear range of 0.1-35.0 ng mL(-1) for α-fetoprotein, 0.5-80.0 U mL(-1) for cancer antigen 125 and 0.1-70.0 ng mL(-1) for carcinoembryonic antigen. Since the cutoff values of the three tumor markers in clinical diagnosis are 25 ng mL(-1), 35 U mL(-1) and 5 ng mL(-1), the sensitivity and linear ranges of the proposed method were enough for clinical application. In addition, this lab-on-paper immunodevice can provide reproducible results upon storage at 4 °C (sealed) for at least 5 weeks. Ultimately, this novel chitosan modification and wax-screen-printing methodology for μPADs can be readily translated to other signal reporting mechanism including electrochemiluminescence and photoelectrochemistry, and other receptors such as enzyme receptors and DNA receptors for determination of DNA, proteins and small molecules in point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
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336
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Novel, simple and low-cost alternative method for fabrication of paper-based microfluidics by wax dipping. Talanta 2011; 85:2587-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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337
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Kuo JS, Chiu DT. Disposable microfluidic substrates: transitioning from the research laboratory into the clinic. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:2656-65. [PMID: 21727966 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20125e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As more microfluidic applications emerge for clinical diagnostics, the choice of substrate and production method must be considered for eventual regulatory approval. In this review, we survey recent developments in disposable microfluidic substrates and their fabrication methods. We note regulatory approval for disposable microfluidic substrates will be more forthcoming if the substrates are developed with the United States Pharmacopeia's biocompatibility compliance guidelines in mind. We also review the recent trend in microfluidic devices constructed from a hybrid of substrates that takes advantage of each material's attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
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338
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Liu X, Mwangi M, Li X, O'Brien M, Whitesides GM. Paper-based piezoresistive MEMS sensors. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:2189-96. [PMID: 21566813 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of MEMS force sensors constructed using paper as the structural material. The working principle on which these paper-based sensors are based is the piezoresistive effect generated by conductive materials patterned on a paper substrate. The device is inexpensive (∼$0.04 per device for materials), simple to fabricate, lightweight, and disposable. Paper can be readily folded into three-dimensional structures to increase the stiffness of the sensor while keeping it light in weight. The entire fabrication process can be completed within one hour without expensive cleanroom facilities using simple tools (e.g., a paper cutter and a painting knife). We demonstrated that the paper-based sensor can measure forces with moderate performance (i.e., resolution: 120 μN, measurement range: ±16 mN, and sensitivity: 0.84 mV mN(-1)). We applied this sensor to characterizing the mechanical properties of a soft material. Leveraging the same sensing concept, we also developed a paper-based balance with a measurement range of 15 g, and a resolution of 0.39 g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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339
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Sin MLY, Gao J, Liao JC, Wong PK. System Integration - A Major Step toward Lab on a Chip. J Biol Eng 2011; 5:6. [PMID: 21612614 PMCID: PMC3117764 DOI: 10.1186/1754-1611-5-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics holds great promise to revolutionize various areas of biological engineering, such as single cell analysis, environmental monitoring, regenerative medicine, and point-of-care diagnostics. Despite the fact that intensive efforts have been devoted into the field in the past decades, microfluidics has not yet been adopted widely. It is increasingly realized that an effective system integration strategy that is low cost and broadly applicable to various biological engineering situations is required to fully realize the potential of microfluidics. In this article, we review several promising system integration approaches for microfluidics and discuss their advantages, limitations, and applications. Future advancements of these microfluidic strategies will lead toward translational lab-on-a-chip systems for a wide spectrum of biological engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy LY Sin
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shandong Polytechnic University, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Joseph C Liao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, S-287, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Biomedical Engineering and Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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340
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Yu J, Ge L, Huang J, Wang S, Ge S. Microfluidic paper-based chemiluminescence biosensor for simultaneous determination of glucose and uric acid. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:1286-91. [PMID: 21243159 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00524j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel microfluidic paper-based chemiluminescence analytical device (μPCAD) with a simultaneous, rapid, sensitive and quantitative response for glucose and uric acid was designed. This novel lab-on-paper biosensor is based on oxidase enzyme reactions (glucose oxidase and urate oxidase, respectively) and the chemiluminescence reaction between a rhodanine derivative and generated hydrogen peroxide in an acid medium. The possible chemiluminescence assay principle of this μPCAD is explained. We found that the simultaneous determination of glucose and uric acid could be achieved by differing the distances that the glucose and uric acid samples traveled. This lab-on-paper biosensor could provide reproducible results upon storage at 4 °C for at least 10 weeks. The application test of our μPCAD was then successfully performed with the simultaneous determination of glucose and uric acid in artificial urine. This study shows the successful integration of the μPCAD and the chemiluminescence method will be an easy-to-use, inexpensive, and portable alternative for point-of-care monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
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341
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Fang X, Chen H, Jiang X, Kong J. Microfluidic Devices Constructed by a Marker Pen on a Silica Gel Plate for Multiplex Assays. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3596-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueen Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jilie Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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342
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Chitnis G, Ding Z, Chang CL, Savran CA, Ziaie B. Laser-treated hydrophobic paper: an inexpensive microfluidic platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:1161-5. [PMID: 21264372 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00512f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a method for fabricating inexpensive microfluidic platforms on paper using laser treatment. Any paper with a hydrophobic surface coating (e.g., parchment paper, wax paper, palette paper) can be used for this purpose. We were able to selectively modify the surface structure and property (hydrophobic to hydrophilic) of several such papers using a CO(2) laser. We created patterns down to a minimum feature size of 62±1 µm. The modified surface exhibited a highly porous structure which helped to trap/localize chemical and biological aqueous reagents for analysis. The treated surfaces were stable over time and were used to self-assemble arrays of aqueous droplets. Furthermore, we selectively deposited silica microparticles on patterned areas to allow lateral diffusion from one end of a channel to the other. Finally, we demonstrated the applicability of this platform to perform chemical reactions using luminol-based hemoglobin detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Chitnis
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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343
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Yang S, Wang CF, Chen S. A Release-Induced Response for the Rapid Recognition of Latent Fingerprints and Formation of Inkjet-Printed Patterns. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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344
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Yang S, Wang CF, Chen S. A Release-Induced Response for the Rapid Recognition of Latent Fingerprints and Formation of Inkjet-Printed Patterns. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3706-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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345
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Ballerini DR, Li X, Shen W. Flow control concepts for thread-based microfluidic devices. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2011; 5:14105. [PMID: 21483659 PMCID: PMC3073008 DOI: 10.1063/1.3567094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The emerging concept of thread-based microfluidics has shown great promise for application to inexpensive disease detection and environmental monitoring. To allow the creation of more sophisticated and functional thread-based sensor designs, the ability to better control and understand the flow of fluids in the devices is required. To meet this end, various mechanisms for controlling the flow of reagents and samples in thread-based microfluidic devices are investigated in this study. A study of fluid penetration in single threads and in twined threads provides greater practical understanding of fluid velocity and ultimate penetration for the design of devices. "Switches" which control when or where flow can occur, or allow the mixing of multiple fluids, have been successfully prototyped from multifilament threads, plastic films, and household adhesive. This advancement allows the fabrication of more functional sensory devices which can incorporate more complex detection chemistries, while maintaining low production cost and simplicity of construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Ballerini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Australian Pulp and Paper Institute, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria 3800, Australia
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346
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The potential and application of microfluidic paper-based separation devices. Bioanalysis 2011; 2:1663-5. [PMID: 21083315 DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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347
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Application of micro-thin-layer chromatography as a simple fractionation tool for fast screening of raw extracts derived from complex biological, pharmaceutical and environmental samples. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 688:168-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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348
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349
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Lu Y, Lin B, Qin J. Patterned paper as a low-cost, flexible substrate for rapid prototyping of PDMS microdevices via "liquid molding". Anal Chem 2011; 83:1830-5. [PMID: 21280658 DOI: 10.1021/ac102577n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the use of patterned paper as a low-cost, flexible substrate for rapidly prototyping PDMS microdevices via "liquid molding". The entire fabrication process consists simply of three steps: (1) fabrication of patterned paper in NC membrane by direct wax printing (or modified wax printing that we call "transfer wax printing"); (2) formation of liquid mold on wax-patterned NC membrane; (3) PDMS molding and curing on wax-patterned NC membrane anchored with liquid micropatterns. All these procedures can be finished within only 1.5 h without the use of a photomask, photoresist, UV lamp, etc. Through the use of wax-patterned NC membrane coupled with a liquid mold as a template, different PDMS microdevices such as microwells and microchannels have been fabricated to demonstrate the usefulness of the method for PDMS microfabrication. The height of microwells and microchannels can also be tailored flexibly by adjusting the liquid filling volume. This method for prototyping PDMS microdevices has some favorable merits including simple operation procedures, fast concept-to-device time, and low cost, indicating its potential for simple PDMS microdevice fabrication and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
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350
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Delaney JL, Hogan CF, Tian J, Shen W. Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Detection in Paper-Based Microfluidic Sensors. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1300-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102392t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui L. Delaney
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Conor F. Hogan
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Junfei Tian
- Australian Pulp and Paper Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wei Shen
- Australian Pulp and Paper Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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