301
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Green SA, Matos JLM, Yagi A, Shenvi RA. Branch-Selective Hydroarylation: Iodoarene–Olefin Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12779-12782. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A. Green
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jeishla L. M. Matos
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Akiko Yagi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A. Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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302
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Toriyama F, Cornella J, Wimmer L, Chen TG, Dixon DD, Creech G, Baran PS. Redox-Active Esters in Fe-Catalyzed C-C Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:11132-5. [PMID: 27548696 PMCID: PMC5016806 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
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Cross-couplings
of alkyl halides and organometallic species based
on single electron transfer using Ni and Fe catalyst systems have
been studied extensively, and separately, for decades. Here we demonstrate
the first couplings of redox-active esters (both isolated and derived in situ from carboxylic acids) with organozinc and organomagnesium
species using an Fe-based catalyst system originally developed for
alkyl halides. This work is placed in context by showing a direct
comparison with a Ni catalyst for >40 examples spanning a range
of
primary, secondary, and tertiary substrates. This new C–C coupling
is scalable and sustainable, and it exhibits a number of clear advantages
in several cases over its Ni-based counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Toriyama
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Josep Cornella
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Laurin Wimmer
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tie-Gen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Darryl D Dixon
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Gardner Creech
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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303
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Johnston CP, Smith RT, Allmendinger S, MacMillan DWC. Metallaphotoredox-catalysed sp(3)-sp(3) cross-coupling of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Nature 2016; 536:322-5. [PMID: 27535536 DOI: 10.1038/nature19056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the past 50 years, cross-coupling reactions mediated by transition metals have changed the way in which complex organic molecules are synthesized. The predictable and chemoselective nature of these transformations has led to their widespread adoption across many areas of chemical research. However, the construction of a bond between two sp(3)-hybridized carbon atoms, a fundamental unit of organic chemistry, remains an important yet elusive objective for engineering cross-coupling reactions. In comparison to related procedures with sp(2)-hybridized species, the development of methods for sp(3)-sp(3) bond formation via transition metal catalysis has been hampered historically by deleterious side-reactions, such as β-hydride elimination with palladium catalysis or the reluctance of alkyl halides to undergo oxidative addition. To address this issue, nickel-catalysed cross-coupling processes can be used to form sp(3)-sp(3) bonds that utilize organometallic nucleophiles and alkyl electrophiles. In particular, the coupling of alkyl halides with pre-generated organozinc, Grignard and organoborane species has been used to furnish diverse molecular structures. However, the manipulations required to produce these activated structures is inefficient, leading to poor step- and atom-economies. Moreover, the operational difficulties associated with making and using these reactive coupling partners, and preserving them through a synthetic sequence, has hindered their widespread adoption. A generically useful sp(3)-sp(3) coupling technology that uses bench-stable, native organic functional groups, without the need for pre-functionalization or substrate derivatization, would therefore be valuable. Here we demonstrate that the synergistic merger of photoredox and nickel catalysis enables the direct formation of sp(3)-sp(3) bonds using only simple carboxylic acids and alkyl halides as the nucleophilic and electrophilic coupling partners, respectively. This metallaphotoredox protocol is suitable for many primary and secondary carboxylic acids. The merit of this coupling strategy is illustrated by the synthesis of the pharmaceutical tirofiban in four steps from commercially available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig P Johnston
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Russell T Smith
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Simon Allmendinger
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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304
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Wang J, Qin T, Chen TG, Wimmer L, Edwards JT, Cornella J, Vokits B, Shaw SA, Baran PS. Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Redox-Active Esters with Boronic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9676-9. [PMID: 27380912 PMCID: PMC5232357 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A transformation analogous in simplicity and functional group tolerance to the venerable Suzuki cross-coupling between alkyl-carboxylic acids and boronic acids is described. This Ni-catalyzed reaction relies upon the activation of alkyl carboxylic acids as their redox-active ester derivatives, specifically N-hydroxy-tetrachlorophthalimide (TCNHPI), and proceeds in a practical and scalable fashion. The inexpensive nature of the reaction components (NiCl2 ⋅6 H2 O-$9.5 mol(-1) , Et3 N) coupled to the virtually unlimited commercial catalog of available starting materials bodes well for its rapid adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tian Qin
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tie-Gen Chen
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Laurin Wimmer
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jacob T Edwards
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Josep Cornella
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Benjamin Vokits
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 350 Carter Road, Hopewell, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Scott A Shaw
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 350 Carter Road, Hopewell, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Phil S Baran
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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305
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Abstract
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In
recent years, photoredox catalysis has come to the forefront
in organic chemistry as a powerful strategy for the activation of
small molecules. In a general sense, these approaches rely on the
ability of metal complexes and organic dyes to convert visible light
into chemical energy by engaging in single-electron transfer with
organic substrates, thereby generating reactive intermediates. In
this Perspective, we highlight the unique ability of photoredox catalysis
to expedite the development of completely new reaction mechanisms,
with particular emphasis placed on multicatalytic strategies that
enable the construction of challenging carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom
bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan H Shaw
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jack Twilton
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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306
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Duan Z, Li W, Lei A. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling of Aryl Bromides with Alkyl Bromides: Et3N as the Terminal Reductant. Org Lett 2016; 18:4012-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengli Duan
- College of Chemistry and
Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wu Li
- College of Chemistry and
Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and
Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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307
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Konev MO, Jarvo ER. Decarboxylative Alkyl–Alkyl Cross‐Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11340-2. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail O. Konev
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Jarvo
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
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308
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail O. Konev
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Jarvo
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
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309
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Seth B. Herzon
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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310
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Wang J, Qin T, Chen TG, Wimmer L, Edwards JT, Cornella J, Vokits B, Shaw SA, Baran PS. Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Redox-Active Esters with Boronic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Tian Qin
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Tie-Gen Chen
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Laurin Wimmer
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Jacob T. Edwards
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Josep Cornella
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Benjamin Vokits
- Discovery Chemistry; Bristol-Myers Squibb; 350 Carter Road Hopewell NJ 08540 USA
| | - Scott A. Shaw
- Discovery Chemistry; Bristol-Myers Squibb; 350 Carter Road Hopewell NJ 08540 USA
| | - Phil S. Baran
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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311
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Qin T, Cornella J, Li C, Malins LR, Edwards JT, Kawamura S, Maxwell BD, Eastgate MD, Baran PS. A general alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling enabled by redox-active esters and alkylzinc reagents. Science 2016; 352:801-5. [PMID: 27103669 PMCID: PMC4867118 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf6123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 531] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl carboxylic acids are ubiquitous in all facets of chemical science, from natural products to polymers, and represent an ideal starting material with which to forge new connections. This study demonstrates how the same activating principles used for decades to make simple C-N (amide) bonds from carboxylic acids with loss of water can be used to make C-C bonds through coupling with dialkylzinc reagents and loss of carbon dioxide. This disconnection strategy benefits from the use of a simple, inexpensive nickel catalyst and exhibits a remarkably broad scope across a range of substrates (>70 examples).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Josep Cornella
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lara R Malins
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jacob T Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shuhei Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brad D Maxwell
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms-Radiochemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Post Office Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Martin D Eastgate
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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312
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Lv Y, Sun K, Pu W, Mao S, Li G, Niu J, Chen Q, Wang T. Metal-free intermolecular C–O cross-coupling reactions: synthesis of N-hydroxyimide esters. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22653a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectfluor-mediated intermolecular C–O cross coupling reaction for the synthesis of N-hydroxyimide esters was achieved under metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
| | - Kai Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- China
| | - Weiya Pu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- China
| | - Shukuan Mao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- China
| | - Jiejie Niu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- China
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- China
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