301
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Kiguchi M, Takahashi T, Takahashi Y, Yamauchi Y, Murase T, Fujita M, Tada T, Watanabe S. Electron Transport through Single Molecules Comprising Aromatic Stacks Enclosed in Self-Assembled Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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302
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Kiguchi M, Takahashi T, Takahashi Y, Yamauchi Y, Murase T, Fujita M, Tada T, Watanabe S. Electron transport through single molecules comprising aromatic stacks enclosed in self-assembled cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5708-11. [PMID: 21591035 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
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303
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Kim HS, Lee JH, Kim TH, Okabe S, Shibayama M, Choi SM. Phase Behavior of Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene Derivative in Organic Solvent. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:7314-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200882n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Sik Kim
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Lee
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibayama
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Sung-Min Choi
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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304
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Migliore A. Nonorthogonality Problem and Effective Electronic Coupling Calculation: Application to Charge Transfer in π-Stacks Relevant to Biochemistry and Molecular Electronics. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:1712-25. [PMID: 26596435 DOI: 10.1021/ct200192d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A recently proposed method for the calculation of the effective electronic coupling (or charge-transfer integral) in a two-state system is discussed and related to other methods in the literature. The theoretical expression of the coupling is exact within the two-state model and applies to the general case where the charge transfer (CT) process involves nonorthogonal initial and final diabatic (localized) states. In this work, it is shown how this effective electronic coupling is also the one to be used in a suitable extension of Rabi's formula to the nonorthogonal representation of two-state dynamical problems. The formula for the transfer integral is inspected in the regime of long-range CT and applied to CT reactions in redox molecular systems of interest to biochemistry and/or to molecular electronics: the guanine-thymine stack from regular B-DNA, the polyaromatic perylenediimide stack, and the quinol-semiquinone couple. The calculations are performed within the framework of the Density Functional Theory (DFT), using hybrid exchange-correlation (XC) density functionals, which also allowed investigation of the appropriateness of such hybrid-DFT methods for computing electronic couplings. The use of the recently developed M06-2X and M06-HF density functionals in appropriate ways is supported by the results of this work.
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305
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Ryu MH, Choi JW, Kim HJ, Park N, Cho BK. Complementary Hydrogen Bonding Between a Clicked C3-Symmetric Triazole Derivative and Carboxylic Acids for Columnar Liquid-Crystalline Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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306
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Ryu MH, Choi JW, Kim HJ, Park N, Cho BK. Complementary Hydrogen Bonding Between a Clicked C3-Symmetric Triazole Derivative and Carboxylic Acids for Columnar Liquid-Crystalline Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5737-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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307
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Kashiki T, Kohara M, Osaka I, Miyazaki E, Takimiya K. Synthesis and Characterization of Benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b′:5,6-b′′]trithiophene (BTT) Oligomers. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4061-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2005044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kashiki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kohara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Itaru Osaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Eigo Miyazaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Materials Research, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
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308
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Haase N, Grigoriadis C, Butt HJ, Müllen K, Floudas G. Effect of Dipole Functionalization on the Thermodynamics and Dynamics of Discotic Liquid Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:5807-14. [DOI: 10.1021/jp201552h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nino Haase
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christos Grigoriadis
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Biomedical Research Institute (FORTH-BRI), Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Biomedical Research Institute (FORTH-BRI), Ioannina, Greece
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309
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Mali KS, Wu D, Feng X, Müllen K, Van der Auweraer M, De Feyter S. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy-Induced Reversible Phase Transformation in the Two-Dimensional Crystal of a Positively Charged Discotic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:5686-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja111699n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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310
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Sakurai T, Tashiro K, Honsho Y, Saeki A, Seki S, Osuka A, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Kim J, Ha S, Kato K, Takata M, Aida T. Electron- or Hole-Transporting Nature Selected by Side-Chain-Directed π-Stacking Geometry: Liquid Crystalline Fused Metalloporphyrin Dimers. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:6537-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ja201272t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneaki Sakurai
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tashiro
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Honsho
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jungeun Kim
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Sunyeo Ha
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Masaki Takata
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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311
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Sengupta S, Uemura S, Patwardhan S, Huber V, Grozema FC, Siebbeles LDA, Baumeister U, Würthner F. Columnar Mesophases Based on Zinc Chlorophyll Derivatives Functionalized with Peripheral Dendron Wedges. Chemistry 2011; 17:5300-10. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Sengupta
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 931‐31‐84756
| | - Shinobu Uemura
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 931‐31‐84756
| | - Sameer Patwardhan
- OptoElectronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft (The Netherlands)
| | - Valerie Huber
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 931‐31‐84756
| | - Ferdinand C. Grozema
- OptoElectronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft (The Netherlands)
| | - Laurens D. A. Siebbeles
- OptoElectronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft (The Netherlands)
| | - Ute Baumeister
- Martin‐Luther‐Universität Halle‐Wittenberg, Institut für Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, von‐Danckelmann‐Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Germany)
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 931‐31‐84756
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312
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Oh JH, Lee WY, Noe T, Chen WC, Könemann M, Bao Z. Solution-Shear-Processed Quaterrylene Diimide Thin-Film Transistors Prepared by Pressure-Assisted Thermal Cleavage of Swallow Tails. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:4204-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110486s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hak Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Wen-Ya Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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313
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Idé J, Méreau R, Ducasse L, Castet F, Olivier Y, Martinelli N, Cornil J, Beljonne D. Supramolecular Organization and Charge Transport Properties of Self-Assembled π−π Stacks of Perylene Diimide Dyes. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:5593-603. [DOI: 10.1021/jp111422v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Idé
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255 CNRS, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Raphaël Méreau
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255 CNRS, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Laurent Ducasse
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255 CNRS, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255 CNRS, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Martinelli
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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314
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Fritzsche M, Bohle A, Dudenko D, Baumeister U, Sebastiani D, Richardt G, Spiess HW, Hansen MR, Höger S. Empty helical nanochannels with adjustable order from low-symmetry macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3030-3. [PMID: 21404392 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fritzsche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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315
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Fritzsche M, Bohle A, Dudenko D, Baumeister U, Sebastiani D, Richardt G, Spiess HW, Hansen MR, Höger S. Empty Helical Nanochannels with Adjustable Order from Low-Symmetry Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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316
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Hesse HC, Lembke D, Dössel L, Feng X, Müllen K, Schmidt-Mende L. Nanostructuring discotic molecules on ITO support. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:055303. [PMID: 21178261 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/5/055303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Patterning of organic compounds on a nanometer length scale is of great interest for solar applications: defined control over the donor-acceptor interface will allow design of an optimized nano-morphology promoting exciton separation and reducing charge recombination. Herein we present an imprinting technique using anodized alumina oxide (AAO) hard templates as stamps. We show an exact pattern transfer of the AAO structures into a solution processable hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC), a discotic small molecule with acrylate moieties which is polymerized in situ. Film fabrication is realized for a variety of nanowire dimensions on square centimeter areas. The fabrication directly on conductive glass support and control over the formation of a dense barrier layer render this approach appealing for the fabrication of fully organic nanostructured photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Hesse
- Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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317
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O'Neill M, Kelly SM. Ordered materials for organic electronics and photonics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:566-584. [PMID: 21274907 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201002884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a critical review of semiconducting/light emitting, liquid crystalline materials and their use in electronic and photonic devices such as transistors, photovoltaics, OLEDs and lasers. We report that annealing from the mesophase improves the order and packing of organic semiconductors to produce state-of-the-art transistors. We discuss theoretical models which predict how charge transport and light emission is affected by the liquid crystalline phase. Organic photovoltaics and OLEDs require optimization of both charge transport and optical properties and we identify the various trade-offs involved for ordered materials. We report the crosslinking of reactive mesogens to give pixellated full-colour OLEDs and distributed bi-layer photovoltaics. We show how the molecular organization inherent to the mesophase can control the polarization of light-emitting devices and the gain in organic, thin-film lasers and can also provide distributed feedback in chiral nematic mirrorless lasers. We update progress on the surface alignment of liquid crystalline semiconductors to obtain monodomain devices without defects or devices with spatially varying properties. Finally the significance of all of these developments is assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary O'Neill
- Department of Physics, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
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318
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Choudhury TD, Rao NVS, Tenent R, Blackburn J, Gregg B, Smalyukh II. Homeotropic Alignment and Director Structures in Thin Films of Triphenylamine-Based Discotic Liquid Crystals Controlled by Supporting Nanostructured Substrates and Surface Confinement. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:609-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jp106344f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trirup Dutta Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India; Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States; Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, United States; and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Nandiraju V. S. Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India; Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States; Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, United States; and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Robert Tenent
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India; Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States; Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, United States; and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jeffrey Blackburn
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India; Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States; Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, United States; and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Brian Gregg
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India; Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States; Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, United States; and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ivan I. Smalyukh
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India; Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States; Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, United States; and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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319
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Mannsfeld SCB, Tang ML, Bao Z. Thin film structure of triisopropylsilylethynyl-functionalized pentacene and tetraceno[2,3-b]thiophene from grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:127-131. [PMID: 21104808 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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320
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Li Y, Hao L, Fu H, Pisula W, Feng X, Wang Z. Columnar liquid crystalline bis-N-annulated quaterrylenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10088-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13398e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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321
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Zhao KQ, Chen C, Monobe H, Hu P, Wang BQ, Shimizu Y. Three-chain truxene discotic liquid crystal showing high charged carrier mobility. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:6290-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10299k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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322
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Cao R, Isla H, Cao R, Pérez EM, Martín N. exTTF-capped gold nanoparticles as multivalent receptors for C60. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00179e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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323
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Tan L, Guo Y, Zhang G, Yang Y, Zhang D, Yu G, Xu W, Liu Y. New air-stable solution-processed organic n-type semiconductors based on sulfur-rich core-expanded naphthalene diimides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13637b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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324
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May F, Marcon V, Hansen MR, Grozema F, Andrienko D. Relationship between supramolecular assembly and charge-carrier mobility in perylenediimide derivatives: The impact of side chains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10500k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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325
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Wegner M, Dudenko D, Sebastiani D, Palmans ARA, de Greef TFA, Graf R, Spiess HW. The impact of the amide connectivity on the assembly and dynamics of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides in the solid state. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00280e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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326
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Savage RC, Mativetsky JM, Orgiu E, Palma M, Gbabode G, Geerts YH, Samorì P. Integration of self-assembled discotic-based fibres into field-effect transistors: a comparison of preparation approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm01754j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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327
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Zhang F, Wu D, Xu Y, Feng X. Thiophene-based conjugated oligomers for organic solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12801a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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328
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Besenius P, Portale G, Bomans PHH, Janssen HM, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Controlling the growth and shape of chiral supramolecular polymers in water. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:17888-93. [PMID: 20921365 PMCID: PMC2964246 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1009592107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A challenging target in the noncovalent synthesis of nanostructured functional materials is the formation of uniform features that exhibit well-defined properties, e.g., precise control over the aggregate shape, size, and stability. In particular, for aqueous-based one-dimensional supramolecular polymers, this is a daunting task. Here we disclose a strategy based on self-assembling discotic amphiphiles that leads to the control over stack length and shape of ordered, chiral columnar aggregates. By balancing out attractive noncovalent forces within the hydrophobic core of the polymerizing building blocks with electrostatic repulsive interactions on the hydrophilic rim we managed to switch from elongated, rod-like assemblies to small and discrete objects. Intriguingly this rod-to-sphere transition is expressed in a loss of cooperativity in the temperature-dependent self-assembly mechanism. The aggregates were characterized using circular dichroism, UV and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, small angle X-ray scattering, and cryotransmission electron microscopy. In analogy to many systems found in biology, mechanistic details of the self-assembly pathways emphasize the importance of cooperativity as a key feature that dictates the physical properties of the produced supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Besenius
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Dutch-Belgian Beamline 26 (DUBBLE BM26), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 6, Rue Jules Horowitz, BP220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Paul H. H. Bomans
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry and Soft Matter CryoTEM Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and
| | | | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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329
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McMahon DP, Troisi A. Organic semiconductors: impact of disorder at different timescales. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:2067-74. [PMID: 20540142 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The charge transport in organic materials, from molecular crystals to polymers, is determined by their degree of disorder. The dynamic disorder in ideal molecular crystals at room temperature and the static disorder in disordered polymers are just two limiting cases of the timescale of the fluctuations in the electronic Hamiltonian caused by nuclear motions. In fact, a very large number of important materials (e.g. liquid crystalline semiconductors) are actually in an intermediate regime where the disorder is neither purely static nor purely dynamic. This Minireview discusses the recent contribution of computational chemistry (molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry) to the characterization of these transport regimes and outlines the theoretical methods that can be used to relate the system characteristics to the measurable mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P McMahon
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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330
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Vehoff T, Baumeier B, Andrienko D. Charge transport in columnar mesophases of carbazole macrocycles. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:134901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3501360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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331
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Pisula W, Feng X, Müllen K. Tuning the columnar organization of discotic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:3634-3649. [PMID: 20652899 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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332
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Ciesielski A, Palma CA, Bonini M, Samorì P. Towards supramolecular engineering of functional nanomaterials: pre-programming multi-component 2D self-assembly at solid-liquid interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:3506-3520. [PMID: 20626011 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201001582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Materials with a pre-programmed order at the supramolecular level can be engineered with a sub-nanometer precision making use of reversible non- covalent interactions. The intrinsic ability of supramolecular materials to recognize and exchange their constituents makes them constitutionally dynamic materials. The tailoring of the materials properties relies on the full control over the self-assembly behavior of molecular modules exposing recognition sites and incorporating functional units. In this review we focus on three classes of weak-interactions to form complex 2D architectures starting from properly designed molecular modules: van der Waals, metallo-ligand and hydrogen bonding. Scanning tunneling microscopy studies will provide evidence with a sub-nanometer resolution, on the formation of responsive multicomponent architectures with controlled geometries and properties. Such endeavor enriches the scientist capability of generating more and more complex smart materials featuring controlled functions and unprecedented properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Ciesielski
- Nanochemistry Laboratory, ISIS, Université de Strasbourg and CNRS (UMR 7006), 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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333
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Baumeier B, Kirkpatrick J, Andrienko D. Density-functional based determination of intermolecular charge transfer properties for large-scale morphologies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:11103-13. [PMID: 20689881 DOI: 10.1039/c002337j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical studies of charge transport in organic conducting systems pose a unique challenge since they must describe both extremely short-ranged and fast processes (charge tunneling) and extremely long-ranged and slow ones (molecular ordering). The description of the mobility of electrons and holes in the hopping regime relies on the determination of intermolecular hopping rates in large-scale morphologies. Using Marcus theory these rates can be calculated from intermolecular transfer integrals and on-site energies. Here we present a detailed computational study on the accuracy and efficiency of density-functional theory based approaches to the determination of intermolecular transfer integrals. First, it is demonstrated how these can be obtained from quantum-chemistry calculations by forming the expectation value of a dimer Fock operator with frontier orbitals of two neighboring monomers based on a projective approach. We then consider the prototypical example of one pair out of a larger morphology of tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminium (Alq(3)) and study the influence of computational parameters, e.g. the choice of basis sets, exchange-correlation functional, and convergence criteria, on the calculated transfer integrals. The respective results are compared in order to derive an optimal strategy for future simulations based on the full morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Baumeier
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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334
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Murschell AE, Sutherland TC. Anthraquinone-based discotic liquid crystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:12859-12866. [PMID: 20590112 DOI: 10.1021/la101406s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The syntheses of six room-temperature discotic liquid crystals based on an alkoxy-anthraquinone (AQ) framework is described. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and cross-polarized microscopy were used to identify phases and confirm phase-transition temperatures. Cross-polarized microscopy results suggest columnar discotic structures at room temperature. However, the AQ derivatives also undergo mesophase-to-mesophase transitions, which are attributed to rectangular- to hexagonal-columnar discotic transitions based on XRD analysis. Furthermore, some of the compounds display remarkable liquid crystalline phase stability that spans from -50 to 150 degrees C, a useful temperature range for organic materials applications. The different AQ derivatives did not exhibit electronic perturbations, as all compounds have absorption onsets of approximately 400 nm. Finally, solution cyclic voltammetry of the AQ derivatives was carried out to determine the redox potentials, diffusion coefficients, and electron transfer rate constants. All AQ derivatives had E(1/2) values that ranged between -1.52 and -1.70 V vs Fc/Fc(+). Diffusion coefficients and electron transfer rates for all AQ derivatives ranged between 0.4 and 7.1 x 10(-6) cm(2) x s(-1) and 0.9 and 5.2 x 10(-3) cm x s(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Murschell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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335
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Vehoff T, Baumeier B, Troisi A, Andrienko D. Charge Transport in Organic Crystals: Role of Disorder and Topological Connectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:11702-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja104380c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Vehoff
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Centre of Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Björn Baumeier
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Centre of Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Troisi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Centre of Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Denis Andrienko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Centre of Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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336
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Li C, Liu M, Pschirer NG, Baumgarten M, Müllen K. Polyphenylene-Based Materials for Organic Photovoltaics. Chem Rev 2010; 110:6817-55. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100052z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, and BASF SE, Research Specialty Chemicals, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Miaoyin Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, and BASF SE, Research Specialty Chemicals, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Neil G. Pschirer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, and BASF SE, Research Specialty Chemicals, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, and BASF SE, Research Specialty Chemicals, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, and BASF SE, Research Specialty Chemicals, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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337
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Siemianowski S. News. LIQUID CRYSTALS TODAY 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/13583140903538751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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338
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Yao Y, Shen W, Nohra B, Lescop C, Réau R. Coordination-Driven Hierarchical Organization of π-Conjugated Systems: From Molecular to Supramolecular π-Stacked Assemblies. Chemistry 2010; 16:7143-63. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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339
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Abstract
The present review deals with the preparation and the properties of star-shaped conjugated compounds. Three, four or six conjugated arms are attached to cross-conjugated cores, which consist of single atoms (B, C+, N), benzene or azine rings or polycyclic ring systems, as for example triphenylene or tristriazolotriazine. Many of these shape-persistent [n]star compounds tend to π-stacking and self-organization, and exhibit interesting properties in materials science: Linear and non-linear optics, electrical conductivity, electroluminescence, formation of liquid crystalline phases, etc.
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340
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Spiess HW. Interplay of Structure and Dynamics in Macromolecular and Supramolecular Systems. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1005952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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341
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Kim Y, Alexander-Katz A. Phase behavior of symmetric disk-coil molecules. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:174901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3407660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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342
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Tasios N, Grigoriadis C, Hansen MR, Wonneberger H, Li C, Spiess HW, Müllen K, Floudas G. Self-Assembly, Dynamics, and Phase Transformation Kinetics of Donor−Acceptor Substituted Perylene Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:7478-87. [DOI: 10.1021/ja102150g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Tasios
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-BRI), and Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christos Grigoriadis
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-BRI), and Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-BRI), and Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Henrike Wonneberger
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-BRI), and Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-BRI), and Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans W. Spiess
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-BRI), and Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-BRI), and Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-BRI), and Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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343
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Nieto B, Ramírez FJ, Hennrich G, Gómez-Lor B, Casado J, Navarrete JTL. Aggregation Behavior of a Conjugated C3-Symmetric Molecule: A Description Based on Chiro-Optical Experimental and Theoretical Spectroscopies. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:5710-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp100628s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belen Nieto
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain, and Instituto de Ciencias de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Ramírez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain, and Instituto de Ciencias de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Gunther Hennrich
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain, and Instituto de Ciencias de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Berta Gómez-Lor
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain, and Instituto de Ciencias de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain, and Instituto de Ciencias de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain, and Instituto de Ciencias de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, Madrid 28046, Spain
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344
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Rühle V, Kirkpatrick J, Andrienko D. A multiscale description of charge transport in conjugated oligomers. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:134103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3352568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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345
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Li L, Hirtz M, Wang W, Du C, Fuchs H, Chi L. Patterning of polymer electrodes by nanoscratching. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:1374-1378. [PMID: 20437485 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200902941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Li
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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346
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Fernandes PAL, Yagai S, Möhwald H, Nakanishi T. Molecular arrangement of alkylated fullerenes in the liquid crystalline phase studied with X-ray diffraction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:4339-4345. [PMID: 20214396 DOI: 10.1021/la903429j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fullerenes (C(60)) with attached aliphatic chains are shown to form fluid bilayer structures that are distinguished by very characteristic and well-resolved X-ray diffraction patterns. Since, in addition, we vary systematically the number and length of the chains, detailed understanding of the structures can be achieved. To make the analysis transparent, simple boxlike electronic density profile models are proposed to explain the relative intensity of the several Bragg peaks present in the X-ray patterns. The models allow detailed characterization of the molecular organization. The molecules arrange themselves in bilayers with their long axis on average perpendicular to the plane of the layers. Considering the bilayers composed of three sections with different electronic density, the C(60) heads occupy a fixed length of approximately 17 A, corresponding to almost no interdigitation, the connector section around 4 A, and the carbon chains' perpendicular length depends on the number and length of the chains. The analysis reveals that reducing the number of carbons per chain (from 20 to 16) results in a shorter unit cell, while reducing the number of chains (from 3 to 2) results in a shorter but also slightly thinner unit cell, in agreement with known molecular packing volumes.
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347
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Köse ME, Long H, Kim K, Graf P, Ginley D. Charge Transport Simulations in Conjugated Dendrimers. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:4388-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jp911051u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet E. Köse
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58108, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado, 80401-3393
| | - Hai Long
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58108, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado, 80401-3393
| | - Kwiseon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58108, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado, 80401-3393
| | - Peter Graf
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58108, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado, 80401-3393
| | - David Ginley
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58108, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado, 80401-3393
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348
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Calò A, Stoliar P, Cavallini M, Geerts YH, Biscarini F. Synchronized optical and electrical characterization of discotic liquid crystals thin films. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:033907. [PMID: 20370192 DOI: 10.1063/1.3327820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe a setup suitable for simultaneously measuring optical and electrical properties of a liquid crystal mesophase upon temperature variation, and the difference in the order parameters between the bulk and the interface with the substrate. It integrates high-resolution polarized light optical microscopy, temperature regulation, and electrical measurements in a controlled atmosphere with a software kernel that controls the instruments and synchronizes the data streams. A user-friendly interface allows us to program multistep experiments controlling all the instruments and data acquisition by a specifically designed scheduler. We tested our system on a thin film of alkoxy-substituted phthalocyanines deposited on a test pattern with interdigitated electrodes. We studied the optical and electrical behavior in the proximity of the bulk phase transition to isotropic liquid, identifying a few ordered monolayers anchored to the substrate above the transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Calò
- CNR-Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
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349
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Hains AW, Liang Z, Woodhouse MA, Gregg BA. Molecular Semiconductors in Organic Photovoltaic Cells. Chem Rev 2010; 110:6689-735. [PMID: 20184362 DOI: 10.1021/cr9002984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 789] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W. Hains
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - Ziqi Liang
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - Michael A. Woodhouse
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - Brian A. Gregg
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401
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350
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Olivier Y, Muccioli L, Lemaur V, Geerts YH, Zannoni C, Cornil J. Theoretical characterization of the structural and hole transport dynamics in liquid-crystalline phthalocyanine stacks. J Phys Chem B 2010; 113:14102-11. [PMID: 19799445 DOI: 10.1021/jp9061169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a joint molecular dynamics (MD)/kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) study aimed at the atomistic description of charge transport in stacks of liquid-crystalline tetraalkoxy-substituted, metal-free phthalocyanines. The molecular dynamics simulations reproduce the major structural features of the mesophases, in particular, a phase transition around 340 K between the rectangular and hexagonal phases. Charge transport simulations based on a Monte Carlo algorithm show an increase by 2 orders of magnitude in the hole mobility when accounting for the rotational and translational dynamics. The results point to the formation of dynamical structural defects along the columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Olivier
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc 20, BE-7000 Mons, Belgium
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