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Kobayashi T, Ricardo-Gonzalez RR, Moro K. Skin-Resident Innate Lymphoid Cells - Cutaneous Innate Guardians and Regulators. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:100-112. [PMID: 31948873 PMCID: PMC7364860 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin is the largest barrier organ and an important interface between the body and the outside environment. Immune surveillance and homeostatic regulation of skin function are governed by complex interactions between resident lymphoid and myeloid cells and their communications with the surrounding parenchyma. Recent studies have provided exciting insights about the unique characteristics of skin-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Here, we discuss advances demonstrating how skin ILCs contribute to tissue homeostasis by regulating microbiome balance in steady-state and how their dysregulation can trigger and promote inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. We review the phenotypic and functional similarities and differences of ILCs between the skin and other organs and highlight future areas of investigation for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
| | | | - Kazuyo Moro
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, IFReC, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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302
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Gonnet J, Poncelet L, Meriaux C, Gonçalves E, Weiss L, Tchitchek N, Pedruzzi E, Soria A, Boccara D, Vogt A, Bonduelle O, Hamm G, Ait-Belkacem R, Stauber J, Fournier I, Wisztorski M, Combadiere B. Mechanisms of innate events during skin reaction following intradermal injection of seasonal influenza vaccine. J Proteomics 2020; 216:103670. [PMID: 31991189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The skin plays a crucial role in host defences against microbial attack and the innate cells must provide the immune system with sufficient information to organize these defences. This unique feature makes the skin a promising site for vaccine administration. Although cellular innate immune events during vaccination have been widely studied, initial events remain poorly understood. Our aim is to determine molecular biomarkers of skin innate reaction after intradermal (i.d.) immunization. Using an ex vivo human explant model from healthy donors, we investigated by NanoLC-MS/MS analysis and MALDI-MSI imaging, to detect innate molecular events (lipids, metabolites, proteins) few hours after i.d. administration of seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV). This multimodel approach allowed to identify early molecules differentially expressed in dermal and epidermal layers at 4 and 18 h after TIV immunization compared with control PBS. In the dermis, the most relevant network of proteins upregulated were related to cell-to-cell signalling and cell trafficking. The molecular signatures detected were associated with chemokines such as CXCL8, a chemoattractant of neutrophils. In the epidermis, the most relevant networks were associated with activation of antigen-presenting cells and related to CXCL10. Our study proposes a novel step-forward approach to identify biomarkers of skin innate reaction. SIGNIFICANCE: To our knowledge, there is no study analyzing innate molecular reaction to vaccines at the site of skin immunization. What is known on skin reaction is based on macroscopic (erythema, redness…), microscopic (epidermal and dermal tissues) and cellular events (inflammatory cell infiltrate). Therefore, we propose a multimodal approach to analyze molecular events at the site of vaccine injection on skin tissue. We identified early molecular networks involved biological functions such cell migration, cell-to-cell interaction and antigen presentation, validated by chemokine expression, in the epidermis and dermis, then could be used as early indicator of success in immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gonnet
- Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses - Paris (Cimi-Paris), INSERM U1135, Paris, France
| | - Lauranne Poncelet
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1008 - Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, F-59000 Lille, France; ImaBiotech, 152 rue du Docteur Yersin, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Celine Meriaux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1192 - Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Elena Gonçalves
- Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses - Paris (Cimi-Paris), INSERM U1135, Paris, France
| | - Lina Weiss
- Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses - Paris (Cimi-Paris), INSERM U1135, Paris, France; Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (2), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Tchitchek
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Eric Pedruzzi
- Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses - Paris (Cimi-Paris), INSERM U1135, Paris, France
| | - Angele Soria
- Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses - Paris (Cimi-Paris), INSERM U1135, Paris, France; Service de Dermatologie et d'Allergologie, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, Hôpitaux Universitaire Est Parisien (HUEP), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 75020 Paris, France
| | - David Boccara
- Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses - Paris (Cimi-Paris), INSERM U1135, Paris, France; Service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice, esthétique, centre des brûlés, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Annika Vogt
- Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses - Paris (Cimi-Paris), INSERM U1135, Paris, France; Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (2), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olivia Bonduelle
- Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses - Paris (Cimi-Paris), INSERM U1135, Paris, France
| | - Gregory Hamm
- ImaBiotech, 152 rue du Docteur Yersin, 59120 Loos, France
| | | | | | - Isabelle Fournier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1192 - Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Maxence Wisztorski
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1192 - Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Behazine Combadiere
- Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses - Paris (Cimi-Paris), INSERM U1135, Paris, France.
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303
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Phosphatase Regulator NIPP1 Restrains Chemokine-Driven Skin Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1576-1588. [PMID: 31972250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (NIPP1) is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein that regulates functions of protein serine/threonine phosphatase-1 in cell proliferation and lineage specification. The role of NIPP1 in tissue homeostasis is not fully understood. This study shows that the selective deletion of NIPP1 in mouse epidermis resulted in epidermal hyperproliferation, a reduced adherence of basal keratinocytes, and a gradual decrease in the stemness of hair follicle stem cells, culminating in hair loss. This complex phenotype was associated with chronic sterile skin inflammation and could be partially rescued by dexamethasone treatment. NIPP1-deficient keratinocytes massively expressed proinflammatory chemokines and immunomodulatory proteins in a cell-autonomous manner. Chemokines subsequently induced the recruitment and activation of immune cells, in particular conventional dendritic cells and Langerhans cells, accounting for the chronic inflammation phenotype. The data identifies NIPP1 as a key regulator of epidermal homeostasis and as a potential target for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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304
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Derbise A, Guillas C, Gerke C, Carniel E, Pizarro-Cerdà J, Demeure CE. Subcutaneous vaccination with a live attenuated Yersinia pseudotuberculosis plague vaccine. Vaccine 2020; 38:1888-1892. [PMID: 31964555 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A single oral inoculation to mice of the live attenuated Yersinia pseudotuberculosis VTnF1 strain producing an F1 pseudocapsule protects against bubonic and pneumonic plague. However oral vaccination can fail in humans exposed to frequent intestinal infections. We evaluated in mice the efficacy of subcutaneous vaccine injection as an alternative way to induce protective immunity, while reducing the dose and avoiding strain release in nature. A single subcutaneous dose of up to 108 CFU induced dose-dependent antibody production. At the dose of 107 CFU, i.e. 10 times less than via the oral route, it caused a modest skin reaction and protected 100% against bubonic and 80% against pneumonic plague, caused by high doses of Yersinia pestis. Bacteria migrating to lymph nodes and spleen, but not feces, were rapidly eliminated. Thus, subcutaneous injection of VTnF1 would represent a good alternative when dissemination in nature and human intestinal responsiveness are limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Derbise
- Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Chloé Guillas
- Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Christiane Gerke
- Vaccine Programs, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Carniel
- Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Javier Pizarro-Cerdà
- Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Christian E Demeure
- Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France.
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305
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Deng Z, Wang Y, Shi W, Zhou L, Xu S, Li J, Zhang Y. Haplopelma hainanum venom induces inflammatory skin lesions. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8264. [PMID: 31942253 PMCID: PMC6956770 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Haplopelma hainanum is a species of theraphosid spider from China. Its large size and charming appearance make this species a popular pet. According to a previous study, theraphosid spider bites can induce pain, erythema, and edema in humans and can present more severely in domestic animals. The pathological consequences of envenomation by H. hainanum remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of H. hainanum envenomation in mice. We showed that the venom induced slight swelling, intense inflammatory response, and increased the microvascular density in mice skin. Moreover, we found that 50 µg/ml of the spider’s venom induced IL-1β expression in both HaCaT cells and fibroblast cells, but repressed CXCL10 expression in fibroblasts. The venom significantly induced cell senescence and repressed cell proliferation and migration in both HaCaT cells and fibroblast cells. Finally, we examined the expression of Nav channel in HaCaT and fibroblast cells and found that H. hainanum venom effectively inhibited Na+ currents in HaCaT cells. Our study calls for further investigation of the pathological consequences and potential mechanisms of H. hainanum envenomation. This information might assist in the development of suitable therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - San Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiya Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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306
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Balmert SC, Carey CD, Falo GD, Sethi SK, Erdos G, Korkmaz E, Falo LD. Dissolving undercut microneedle arrays for multicomponent cutaneous vaccination. J Control Release 2020; 317:336-346. [PMID: 31756393 PMCID: PMC8237702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The skin is an attractive tissue target for vaccination, as it is readily accessible and contains a dense population of antigen-presenting and immune-accessory cells. Microneedle arrays (MNAs) are emerging as an effective tool for in situ engineering of the cutaneous microenvironment to enable diverse immunization strategies. Here, we present novel dissolving undercut MNAs and demonstrate their application for effective multicomponent cutaneous vaccination. The MNAs are composed of micron-scale needles featuring pyramidal heads supported by undercut stem regions with filleted bases to ensure successful skin penetration and retention during application. Prior efforts to fabricate dissolving undercut microstructures were limited and required complex and lengthy processing and assembly steps. In the current study, we strategically combine three-dimensional (3D) laser lithography, an emerging micro-additive manufacturing method with unique geometric capabilities and nanoscale resolution, and micromolding with favorable materials. This approach enables reproducible production of dissolving MNAs with undercut microneedles that can be tip-loaded with multiple biocargos, such as antigen (ovalbumin) and adjuvant (Poly(I:C)). The resulting MNAs fulfill the geometric (sharp tips and smooth edges) and mechanical-strength requirements for failure-free penetration of human and murine skin to simultaneously deliver multicomponent (antigen plus adjuvant) vaccines to the same cutaneous microenvironment. Cutaneous vaccination of mice using these MNAs induces more potent antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses than those elicited by traditional intramuscular injection. Together, the unique geometric features of these undercut MNAs and the associated manufacturing strategy, which is compatible with diverse drugs and biologics, could enable a broad range of non-cutaneous and cutaneous drug delivery applications, including multicomponent vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Balmert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Cara Donahue Carey
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Gabriel D Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Shiv K Sethi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Geza Erdos
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Emrullah Korkmaz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Louis D Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States.
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307
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Abstract
The skin is the outermost organ of the body and is exposed to many kinds of external pathogens. To manage this, the skin contains multiple types of immune cells. To achieve sufficient induction of cutaneous adaptive immune responses, the antigen presentation/recognition in the skin is an essential process. Recent studies have expanded our knowledge of how T cells survey their cognate antigens in the skin. In addition, the formation of a lymphoid cluster, named inducible skin-associated lymphoid tissue (iSALT), has been reported during skin inflammation. Although iSALT may not be classified as a typical tertiary lymphoid organ, it provides specific antigen presentation sites in the skin. In this article, we provide an overview of the antigen presentation mechanism in the skin, with a focus on the development of iSALT and its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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308
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Pan Y, Wen X, Hao D, Wang Y, Wang L, He G, Jiang X. The role of IL-37 in skin and connective tissue diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 122:109705. [PMID: 31918276 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-37 was discovered as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokine of the IL-1 family. Significant advancements in the understanding of signaling pathways associated with IL-37 have been made in recent years. IL-37 binds to IL-18R and recruits IL-1R8 to form the IL-37/IL-1R8/IL-18Rα complex. Capase-1 plays a key role in the nuclear transduction of IL-37 signal, processing precursor IL-37 into the mature isoform, and interacting with Smad3. IL-37 exerts its role by activating anti-inflammation pathways including AMPK, PTEN, Mer, STAT3 and p62, and promoting tolerogenic dendritic cells and Tregs. In addition, IL-37 inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-23, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, and suppresses Fyn, MAPK, TAK1, NFκB, and mTOR signaling. The final effects of IL-37 depend on the interaction among IL-18R, IL-1R8, IL-37 and IL-18BP. Previous studies have deciphered the role of IL-37 in the development and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, chronic infections and cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of IL-37 in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, Behcet's diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, and other skin and connective tissue diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Dan Hao
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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309
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310
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Li S, Kang P, Zhang W, Jian Z, Zhang Q, Yi X, Guo S, Guo W, Shi Q, Li B, He Y, Song P, Liu L, Li K, Wang G, Gao T, Li C. Activated NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in keratinocytes promotes cutaneous T-cell response in patients with vitiligo. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:632-645. [PMID: 31756352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keratinocytes can function as innate immune cells under oxidative stress and aggravate the cutaneous T-cell response that undermines melanocytes in the setting of vitiligo. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a regulator of innate immunity that exists in keratinocytes. However, the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of vitiligo has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE We sought to explicate the contribution of the activated NLRP3 inflammasome in keratinocytes to the autoimmune response in patients with vitiligo. METHODS Perilesional and serum samples from patients with vitiligo were collected to examine the status of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the setting of vitiligo. Cultured keratinocytes were treated with H2O2 to investigate the mechanism for NLRP3 inflammasome activation under oxidative stress. Peripheral blood T cells were extracted from patients with vitiligo to explore the influence of the NLRP3 inflammasome on the T-cell response in patients with vitiligo. RESULTS Expressions of NLRP3 and downstream cytokine IL-1β were consistently increased in perilesional keratinocytes of patients with vitiligo. Notably, serum IL-1β levels were increased in patients with vitiligo, correlated with disease activity and severity, and decreased after effective therapy. Furthermore, oxidative stress promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation in keratinocytes through transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 (TRPM2), a redox-sensitive cation channel, which was dependent on TRPM2-mediated calcium influx. More importantly, blocking TRPM2-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in keratinocytes impaired chemotaxis for CD8+ T cells and inhibited the production of cytokines in T cells in patients with vitiligo. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in keratinocytes promotes the cutaneous T-cell response, which could be targeted for the treatment of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pan Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Jian
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanmin He
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Pu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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311
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Nanoparticle-Coupled Topical Methotrexate Can Normalize Immune Responses and Induce Tissue Remodeling in Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:1003-1014.e8. [PMID: 31678057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an antiproliferative drug used for treating inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis. Nevertheless, its use in localized therapy is hindered because of poor transdermal penetration. We show that MTX coupled with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) demonstrates superior antiinflammatory efficacy than MTX alone in an imiquimod-induced mouse model, significantly reducing γδ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and neutrophils. Furthermore, it was well tolerated upon systemic and topical administration. In an AGR129 human xenograft mouse model, two-week topical treatment with MTX-GNPs inhibited skin hyperplasia significantly better than topical calcipotriol-betamethasone and led to profound tissue remodeling, involving the upregulation of extracellular matrix reorganization and the downregulation of cornification and keratinization processes. The number of resident T cells in the grafts, as well as interleukin-17 production, drastically decreased upon MTX-GNP treatment. While both MTX and MTX-GNPs directly prevented the proliferation and induced apoptosis of T cells, the suppression of cytokine production was a shared mechanism of GNP and MTX-GNPs. In conclusion, MTX-GNPs influence immune and stromal components of the skin, leading to the potent inhibition of pathogenesis in preclinical psoriasis. MTX-GNPs surpass the efficacy of conventional MTX and standard of care, emerging as a non-steroidal, topical alternative for psoriasis treatment.
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312
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Artzi O, Koren A, Niv R, Mehrabi JN, Mashiah J, Friedman O. A new approach in the treatment of pediatric hypertrophic burn scars: Tixel‐associated topical triamcinolone acetonide and 5‐fluorouracil delivery. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:131-134. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Artzi
- Department of Dermatology Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Tel Aviv Israel
- Dr. Artzi Treatment and Research Center Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Amir Koren
- Department of Dermatology Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Tel Aviv Israel
- Dr. Artzi Treatment and Research Center Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Roni Niv
- Dr. Artzi Treatment and Research Center Tel Aviv Israel
| | | | - Jacob Mashiah
- Department of Dermatology Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Tel Aviv Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Pediatric Dermatology Clinic Dana‐Dwek Children's Hospital Tel Aviv Sourasky medical center Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Or Friedman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- The Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Department Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Tel Aviv Israel
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313
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Gilhar A, Laufer-Britva R, Keren A, Paus R. Frontiers in alopecia areata pathobiology research. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1478-1489. [PMID: 31606262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This current review explores selected and as yet insufficiently investigated frontiers in current alopecia areata (AA) pathobiology research, with an emphasis on potential "new" players in AA pathobiology that deserve more systematic exploration and therapeutic targeting. Indeed, new evidence suggests that CD8+ T cells, which have long been thought to be the central players in AA pathobiology, are not the only drivers of disease. Instead, subsets of natural killer (NK) and so-called "unconventional" T cells (invariant NK T cells, γδ T cells, classic NK cells, and type 1 innate lymphoid cells), all of which can produce large amounts of IFN-γ, might also drive AA pathobiology independent of classical, autoantigen-dependent CD8+ T-cell functions. Another important new frontier is the role of regulatory lymphocyte subsets, such as regulatory T cells, γδ regulatory T cells, NKT10 cells, and perifollicular mast cells, in maintaining physiologic hair follicle immune privilege (IP); the extent to which these functions are defective in patients with AA; and how this IP-protective role could be restored therapeutically in patients with established AA. Broadening our AA research horizon along the lines suggested above promises not only to open the door to innovative and even more effective immunotherapy strategies for AA but will also likely be relevant for other autoimmune disorders in which pathobiology, ectopic MHC class I expression, and IP collapse play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | | | - Aviad Keren
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr Philipp Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla; Dermatology Research Centre, University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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314
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Abl family tyrosine kinases govern IgG extravasation in the skin in a murine pemphigus model. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4432. [PMID: 31570755 PMCID: PMC6769004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathway of homeostatic IgG extravasation is not fully understood, in spite of its importance for the maintenance of host immunity, the management of autoantibody-mediated disorders, and the use of antibody-based biologics. Here we show in a murine model of pemphigus, a prototypic cutaneous autoantibody-mediated disorder, that blood-circulating IgG extravasates into the skin in a time- and dose-dependent manner under homeostatic conditions. This IgG extravasation is unaffected by depletion of Fcγ receptors, but is largely attenuated by specific ablation of dynamin-dependent endocytic vesicle formation in blood endothelial cells (BECs). Among dynamin-dependent endocytic vesicles, IgG co-localizes well with caveolae in cultured BECs. An Abl family tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib, which reduces caveolae-mediated endocytosis, impairs IgG extravasation in the skin and attenuates the murine pemphigus manifestations. Our study highlights the kinetics of IgG extravasation in vivo, which might be a clue to understand the pathological mechanism of autoantibody-mediated autoimmune disorders. How antibody reaches tissues from circulation is critical for understanding antibody-mediated immunity. Here the authors show that IgG extravasation in the skin is mediated by endothelial caveolin transport independently of FcR, and is targetable by imatinib, which reduces IgG-dependent pathology in a mouse model of pemphigus.
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315
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Diezma-Díaz C, Ferre I, Re M, Jiménez-Meléndez A, Tabanera E, Pizarro-Díaz M, González-Huecas M, Alcaide-Pardo M, Blanco-Murcia FJ, Ortega-Mora LM, Álvarez-García G. A model for chronic bovine besnoitiosis: Parasite stage and inoculation route are key factors. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:234-249. [PMID: 31483955 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an experimental model for chronic besnoitiosis in bovine was developed and characterized. Using a previously established calf model, two new variables (parasite stage and inoculation route) were combined and used. Twelve Holstein Friesian 3-month-old male calves were randomly divided into four groups of three animals each. Bradyzoites were obtained from a chronically infected bull and used for inoculation via three different inoculation routes. Three groups were inoculated with 106 bradyzoites by intravenous (G1), subcutaneous (G2) and intradermal (G3) routes, and a non-infected control group (G4) was inoculated with PBS. The trial lasted for 90 days and included daily clinical monitoring as well as weekly skin biopsies and blood sampling. Sera were obtained to analyse both cellular and humoral responses. Once the calves were euthanized, tissues from the skin, eyes, respiratory and reproductive tracts, among others, were collected to study presence of the parasite. Clinically, the infection was classified as mild to moderate for the acute stage since all infected calves showed lymphadenopathy from four days post-infection (pi) and fever from one week pi until 24 days pi. However, the most relevant results were achieved during the chronic stage that was classified as moderate to severe. In fact, pathognomonic conjunctival cysts were observed in all infected calves from 40 days pi onwards and were more abundant in G3. Moreover, one calf from this group developed skin lesions (49 days pi). The microscopic tissue cysts and Besnoitia DNA were detected primarily in skin, reproductive tract and respiratory tissue samples, and parasite load was higher in G3. In conclusion, the parasite stage (bradyzoite) and the inoculation route are key factors that influence the outcome of an infection. In particular, the intradermal route led to more severe clinical signs of the chronic phase in the inoculated calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Diezma-Díaz
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ferre
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michela Re
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain.,Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jiménez-Meléndez
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Tabanera
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Pizarro-Díaz
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta González-Huecas
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Alcaide-Pardo
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Blanco-Murcia
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain.,Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Álvarez-García
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
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316
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Zhou S, Liu Z, Yuan H, Zhao X, Zou Y, Zheng J, Pan M. Autoreactive B Cell Differentiation in Diffuse Ectopic Lymphoid-Like Structures of Inflamed Pemphigus Lesions. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:309-318.e8. [PMID: 31476317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pemphigus is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that targets skin and/or mucous membranes. Our previous study showed that infiltrating lymphocytes in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) lesions produce anti-desmoglein (Dsg) 1/3 antibodies after in vitro culture. In this study, we found diffuse ectopic lymphoid-like structures (ELSs) commonly present in the lesions of both PV and pemphigus foliaceus. Notably, pemphigus lesions contained centroblasts, plasmablasts, and plasma cells, which recapitulated the different stages of B cell differentiation. Elevated mRNA expression levels of the differentiation-related transcription factors BLIMP-1, IRF4, and BCL-6 were observed in pemphigus lesions. Moreover, B cell receptor repertoire analysis revealed the clonal expansion of the lesional B cells. Lesional B cells might recirculate among lesions, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood. Increased mRNA expression levels of multiple chemokines in pemphigus lesions and elevated expression levels of chemokine receptors on lesional B cells were also observed. Collectively, these results show that the ELSs in pemphigus lesions might act as a niche, supporting in situ B cell differentiation and clonal expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengru Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicui Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijie Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaru Zou
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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317
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Kobayashi T, Naik S, Nagao K. Choreographing Immunity in the Skin Epithelial Barrier. Immunity 2019; 50:552-565. [PMID: 30893586 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The skin interfaces with the external environment and is home to a myriad of immune cells that patrol the barrier to ward off harmful agents and aid in tissue repair. The formation of the cutaneous immune arsenal begins before birth and evolves throughout our lifetime, incorporating exogenous cues from microbes and inflammatory encounters, to achieve optimal fitness and function. Here, we discuss the context-specific signals that drive productive immune responses in the skin epithelium, highlighting key modulators of these reactions, including hair follicles, neurons, and commensal microbes. We thus also discuss the causal and mechanistic underpinning of inflammatory skin diseases that have been revealed in recent years. Finally, we discuss the non-canonical functions of cutaneous immune cells including their burgeoning role in epithelial regeneration and repair. The rapidly growing field of cutaneous immunity is revealing immune mechanisms and functions that can be harnessed to boost skin health and treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shruti Naik
- Department of Pathology, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, and Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Keisuke Nagao
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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318
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Architecture of antimicrobial skin defense. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 49:70-84. [PMID: 31473081 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest and the most exposed organ in the body and its defense is regulated at several anatomical levels. Here, we explore how skin layers, including the epidermis, dermis, adipose tissue, and skin appendages, as well as cutaneous microbiota, contribute to the function of skin antimicrobial defense. We highlight recent studies that reveal the differential and complementary responses of skin layers to bacterial, viral, and fungal infection. In particular, we focus on key soluble mediators in the layered skin defense, such as antimicrobial peptides, as well as on lipid antimicrobials, cytokines, chemokines, and barrier-maintaining molecules. We include our own evaluative analyses of transcriptomic datasets of human skin to map the involvement of antimicrobial peptides in skin protection under both steady state and infectious conditions. Furthermore, we explore the versatility of the mechanisms underlying skin defense by highlighting the role of the immune and nervous systems in their interaction with cutaneous microbes, and by illustrating the multifunctionality of selected antimicrobial peptides in skin protection.
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319
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Schuster R, Bar-Nathan O, Tiosano A, Lewis EC, Silberstein E. Enhanced Survival and Accelerated Perfusion of Skin Flap to Recipient Site Following Administration of Human α1-Antitrypsin in Murine Models. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2019; 8:281-290. [PMID: 31737418 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2018.0889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Skin flaps are routinely used in reconstructive surgery yet remain susceptible to ischemia and necrosis. Distant flaps require lengthy time to detach causing patient discomfort. Human α1-antitrypsin (hAAT) is a clinically available serum glycoprotein. hAAT was shown to support mature vessel formation and enhance tissue survival following ischemia-reperfusion injuries. The purpose of the presented study was to examine the effect of hAAT on skin flap survival and distant "tube" flap perfusion through its recipient site. Approach: Random-pattern skin flaps were performed on mice treated with clinical-grade hAAT using three unique routes of administration (transgenic, i.p. and s.c. infiltration); necrotic area and tissue perfusion were assessed. Blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were used to explore aspects of mechanism of action. A distant tube flap model was performed to examine time to perfusion. Results: hAAT-treated mice displayed approximately two-fold smaller necrotic flap areas versus controls across all hAAT administration routes. Flaps displayed greater perfusion as early as 3 days postsurgery (64.6% ± 4.0% vs. 43.7% ± 1.7% in controls; p = 0.007). hAAT-mediated flap survival was prominently NOS dependent, but only partially VEGF dependent. Finally, distant flaps treated with hAAT displayed significantly earlier perfusion versus controls (mean 9.6 ± 1.6 vs. 13.1 ± 1.0 days; p = 0.0005). Innovation: The established safety record of hAAT renders it an attractive candidate toward improving skin flap surgery outcomes, particularly during VEGF blockade. Conclusions: hAAT treatment enhances survival and accelerates perfusion of skin flaps in animal models in a NOS-dependent manner, partially circumventing VEGF blockade. Further mechanistic studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Schuster
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Or Bar-Nathan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Tiosano
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eli C Lewis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eldad Silberstein
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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320
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Chang Y, Yu J. The protective effects of TGR5 against ultraviolet B irradiation in epidermal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15038-15044. [PMID: 31168815 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in continuous insults to the skin, including continuous loss of the capacities of epidermal stem cells (ESCs). Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor-5 (TGR5) participates in a variety of physiological activities, but its biological function in skin has not been reported. In this study, we report that TGR5 could be detected in ESCs and its expression was reduced after ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation. Treatment with the specific TGR5 agonist 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,5-dimethylisoxazole-4-carboxamide (GPBARA) prevented UV-B-induced oxidative stress by reducing 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and increasing the level of glutathione. We also found that the presence of GPBARA improved UV-B irradiation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by elevating mitochondrial membrane potential. Interestingly, our results indicate that GPBARA pretreatment suppressed UV-B irradiation-induced reduced cell viability, release of lactic dehydrogenase, and secretion of high mobility group box 1. Notably, GPBARA pretreatment inhibited UV-B irradiation-induced decrease in integrin β1 and Krt19, dependent on TGR5. Mechanistically, we found that the activation of TGR5 by GPBARA increased Wnt1, Wnt3a, Myc, and cyclin D1 in ESCs. Our data suggest a new function of TGR5 in regulating ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Dermatology & STD Department, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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321
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Current understanding of the role of dietary lipids in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 94:314-320. [PMID: 31133503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary lipids are fundamental nutrients for human health. They are typically composed of various long-chain fatty acids which include saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). UFAs are further classified into several groups, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and omega-6 PUFAs, depending on their chemical structure. Epidemiological studies have suggested the involvement of dietary lipids in the progression or regulation of psoriasis, a common chronic inflammatory skin disease induced via the IL-23/IL-17 axis. Although the underlying mechanisms by which dietary lipids regulate psoriasis have remained unclear, with the advancement of experimental techniques and the development of psoriasis mouse models, various possible mechanisms have been proposed. For example, SFAs may facilitate psoriatic dermatitis by causing activation of the inflammasome in keratinocytes and macrophages or by inducing IL-17-producing cells, such as Th17 and IL-17-producing γδ T cells in the skin, while omega-3 PUFAs may play inhibitory roles by suppressing Th17 differentiation. In this review, we summarize current data on the roles of dietary lipids in the development of psoriasis as revealed by mouse studies, and we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for psoriasis from the perspective of dietary lipids.
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322
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Tóth KF, Ádám D, Bíró T, Oláh A. Cannabinoid Signaling in the Skin: Therapeutic Potential of the "C(ut)annabinoid" System. Molecules 2019; 24:E918. [PMID: 30845666 PMCID: PMC6429381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has lately been proven to be an important, multifaceted homeostatic regulator, which influences a wide-variety of physiological processes all over the body. Its members, the endocannabinoids (eCBs; e.g., anandamide), the eCB-responsive receptors (e.g., CB₁, CB₂), as well as the complex enzyme and transporter apparatus involved in the metabolism of the ligands were shown to be expressed in several tissues, including the skin. Although the best studied functions over the ECS are related to the central nervous system and to immune processes, experimental efforts over the last two decades have unambiguously confirmed that cutaneous cannabinoid ("c[ut]annabinoid") signaling is deeply involved in the maintenance of skin homeostasis, barrier formation and regeneration, and its dysregulation was implicated to contribute to several highly prevalent diseases and disorders, e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, scleroderma, acne, hair growth and pigmentation disorders, keratin diseases, various tumors, and itch. The current review aims to give an overview of the available skin-relevant endo- and phytocannabinoid literature with a special emphasis on the putative translational potential, and to highlight promising future research directions as well as existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Fanni Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Dorottya Ádám
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- HCEMM Nonprofit Ltd., 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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323
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Sidat Z, Marimuthu T, Kumar P, du Toit LC, Kondiah PPD, Choonara YE, Pillay V. Ionic Liquids as Potential and Synergistic Permeation Enhancers for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E96. [PMID: 30813375 PMCID: PMC6409523 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) show clear advantages over conventional routes of drug administration. Nonetheless, there are limitations to current TDDS which warrant further research to improve current TDD platforms. Spurred by the synthesis of novel biodegradable ionic liquids (ILs) and favorable cytotoxicity studies, ILs were shown to be a possible solution to overcome these challenges. Their favorable application in overcoming challenges ranging from synthesis, manufacture, and even therapeutic benefits were documented. In this review, said ILs are highlighted and their role in TDDS is reviewed in terms of (a) ILs as permeation enhancers (single agents or combined), (b) ILs in drug modification, and (c) ILs as active pharmaceutical ingredients. Furthermore, future combination of ILs with other chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs) is proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul Sidat
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Thashree Marimuthu
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Lisa C du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Pierre P D Kondiah
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
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324
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Honda T, Egawa G, Kabashima K. Antigen presentation and adaptive immune responses in skin. Int Immunol 2019; 31:423-429. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
For the induction of adequate cutaneous immune responses, the antigen presentation and recognition that occur in both the skin and skin-draining lymph nodes are essential. In each process of cutaneous immune responses, several distinct subsets of immune cells, including dendritic cells and T cells, are involved, and they elicit their respective functions in a harmonious manner. For example, in the elicitation phase of cutaneous acquired immunity, immune cells form a specific lymphoid structure named inducible skin-associated lymphoid tissue (iSALT) to facilitate efficient antigen presentation in situ. In this short review, we will overview the mechanisms of how antigens are presented and how cutaneous adaptive immune responses are conducted in the skin, especially focusing on contact hypersensitivity, a prototypic adaptive immune response in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Immunos, Singapore
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