Savarin C, Bergmann CC. Viral-induced suppression of self-reactive T cells: Lessons from neurotropic coronavirus-induced demyelination.
J Neuroimmunol 2017;
308:12-16. [PMID:
28108025 PMCID:
PMC5474352 DOI:
10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.01.003]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors, i.e. infections, have been proposed to contribute to disease induction and relapsing events in multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). While research has mainly focused on virus associated autoimmune activation, less is known about prevention of autoimmunity, especially following resolving infections associated with CNS tissue damage. This review discusses novel insights on control of self-reactive (SR) T cells activated during neurotropic coronavirus-induced demyelination. A new concept is introduced that SR T cells can be dampened by distinct regulatory mechanisms in the periphery and the CNS, thereby preventing autoimmune disease.
Virus-induced demyelination activates myelin specific T cells.
Virus-induced regulatory mechanisms limit pathogenic self-reactive R CD4 T cells.
Self-reactive CD4 T cells are controlled by distinct mechanisms in the CLN and CNS.
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