351
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Obesity leads to higher risk of sperm DNA damage in infertile patients. Asian J Androl 2013; 15:622-5. [PMID: 23792341 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2013.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing interest over the past few years in the impact of male nutrition on fertility. Infertility has been linked to male overweight or obesity, and conventional semen parameter values seem to be altered in case of high body mass index (BMI). A few studies assessing the impact of BMI on sperm DNA integrity have been published, but they did not lead to a strong consensus. Our objective was to explore further the relationship between sperm DNA integrity and BMI, through a 3-year multicentre study. Three hundred and thirty male partners in subfertile couples were included. Using the terminal uridine nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay, we observed an increased rate of sperm DNA damage in obese men (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 2.5 (1.2-5.1)).
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352
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Barratt CL, Mansell SA. Andrology is desperate for a new assay – Let us make sure we get it right this time…. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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353
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Jones A, Clary MJ, McDermott E, Coscia LA, Constantinescu S, Moritz MJ, Armenti VT. Outcomes of Pregnancies Fathered by Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients Exposed to Mycophenolic Acid Products. Prog Transplant 2013; 23:153-7. [DOI: 10.7182/pit2013636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Context In women, exposure to mycophenolic acid products during pregnancy results in an increase in both miscarriages and birth defects in the live born. Objective To describe the outcomes of pregnancies fathered by transplant recipients who were being maintained on mycophenolic acid products at the estimated time of conception and compare these pregnancies with pregnancies in the general population. Methods Data were collected by the National Transplantation Pregnancy Registry via questionnaires, telephone interviews, and medical records. Results One hundred fifty-two male transplant recipients with exposure to mycophenolic acid products fathered 205 pregnancies (208 outcomes, including 3 pairs of twins). Pregnancy outcomes included 194 live births with a prematurity rate of 10.8%, 14 spontaneous abortions, and no therapeutic abortions or stillbirths. Among the live births, 6 malformations were reported, for an incidence of 3.1%. No pattern of malformations was identified. Conclusion The outcomes of pregnancies fathered by transplant recipients treated with mycophenolic acid products appear similar to outcomes in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Jones
- Thomas Jefferson University (AJ, MJC, EM), Gift of Life Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (LAC, VTA), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (SC), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida (MJM)
| | - Megan J. Clary
- Thomas Jefferson University (AJ, MJC, EM), Gift of Life Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (LAC, VTA), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (SC), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida (MJM)
| | - Erin McDermott
- Thomas Jefferson University (AJ, MJC, EM), Gift of Life Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (LAC, VTA), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (SC), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida (MJM)
| | - Lisa A. Coscia
- Thomas Jefferson University (AJ, MJC, EM), Gift of Life Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (LAC, VTA), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (SC), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida (MJM)
| | - Serban Constantinescu
- Thomas Jefferson University (AJ, MJC, EM), Gift of Life Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (LAC, VTA), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (SC), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida (MJM)
| | - Michael J. Moritz
- Thomas Jefferson University (AJ, MJC, EM), Gift of Life Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (LAC, VTA), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (SC), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida (MJM)
| | - Vincent T. Armenti
- Thomas Jefferson University (AJ, MJC, EM), Gift of Life Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (LAC, VTA), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (SC), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida (MJM)
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354
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Chen SJ, Allam JP, Duan YG, Haidl G. Influence of reactive oxygen species on human sperm functions and fertilizing capacity including therapeutical approaches. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 288:191-9. [PMID: 23543240 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-013-2801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an array of molecules including oxygen-centered radicals, which are endowed with one or more unpaired electrons and non-radical oxygen derivatives such as hydrogen peroxide, which behave, to a large extent, like a double-edged sword in human sperm biology. This study aimed to overview the current knowledge of ROS in sperm physiology and pathology, as well as related therapies in spermatozoal dysfunction. METHODS We performed this study by searching for keywords from PUBMED, including reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, sperm function, and antioxidant therapy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Low levels of ROS exert critical function in normal sperm physiology, such as fertilizing ability (acrosome reaction, hyperactivation, capacitation, and chemotaxis) and sperm motility; while increased ROS generation and/or decreased antioxidant capacity leads to the imbalance between oxidation and reduction in living systems, which is called sperm oxidative stress. This condition was widely considered to be a significant contributory factor to sperm DNA damage/apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and reduced motility, which in turn, increased risk of male factor infertility/subfertility and birth defects. Under the current status quo, numerous subsequent studies have concentrated on antioxidant therapy. Although utility of such a therapeutic strategy significantly improved sperm function and motility in a myriad of experimental and clinical reports, the overall effectiveness still remains controversial mainly due to non-standardized assay to measure the level of ROS and sperm DNA damage, various antioxidant supplementation strategies, and inadequate fertilization and pregnancy data after clinical treatment. Therefore, standardized assessment and evaluation of ROS and total antioxidant capacity in semen should be established to keep ROS in a physiological level and prevent over-treatment of antioxidants toward reductive stress, which should be kept in mind, especially in assisted reproductive procedure. Moreover, the significance of large sample size populations, double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials of antioxidant therapies is emphasized in this review to achieve optimal ingredients and dosage of antioxidants for patients with reactive oxygen-induced male fertility/subfertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jian Chen
- Department of Dermatology/Andrology Unit, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, 53105 Bonn, Germany
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355
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Grégoire MC, Massonneau J, Simard O, Gouraud A, Brazeau MA, Arguin M, Leduc F, Boissonneault G. Male-driven de novo mutations in haploid germ cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2013; 19:495-9. [PMID: 23515669 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
At the sequence level, genetic diversity is provided by de novo transmittable mutations that may act as a substrate for natural selection. The gametogenesis process itself is considered more likely to induce endogenous mutations and a clear male bias has been demonstrated from recent next-generation sequencing analyses. As new experimental evidence accumulates, the post-meiotic events of the male gametogenesis (spermiogenesis) appear as an ideal context to induce de novo genetic polymorphism transmittable to the next generation. It may prove to be a major component of the observed male mutation bias. As spermatids undergo chromatin remodeling, transient endogenous DNA double-stranded breaks are produced and trigger a DNA damage response. In these haploid cells, one would expect that the non-templated, DNA end-joining repair processes may generate a repertoire of sequence alterations in every sperm cell potentially transmittable to the next generation. This may therefore represent a novel physiological mechanism contributing to genetic diversity and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Chantal Grégoire
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1E4K8
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356
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Kloosterman WP, Cuppen E. Chromothripsis in congenital disorders and cancer: similarities and differences. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2013; 25:341-8. [PMID: 23478216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Genomic rearrangements may give rise to congenital disease and contribute to cancer development. Recent evidence has shown that very complex genomic rearrangements in cancer cells can result from a single catastrophic event of massive DNA breakage and repair, termed chromothripsis. This results in heavily rearranged chromosomes comprising frequent sequence losses. A very similar process of chromosome shattering is found for complex chromosome rearrangements in the germline of patients with congenital disorders. Here, we review the literature on chromothripsis in cancer and congenital disease. We describe differences and similarities for chromothripsis rearrangements in somatic tissue and the germ line and we discuss the cellular origin and molecular mechanisms of chromothripsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wigard P Kloosterman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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357
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Cambi M, Tamburrino L, Marchiani S, Olivito B, Azzari C, Forti G, Baldi E, Muratori M. Development of a specific method to evaluate 8-hydroxy,2-deoxyguanosine in sperm nuclei: relationship with semen quality in a cohort of 94 subjects. Reproduction 2013; 145:227-35. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is involved in many disoders including male infertility. Human spermatozoa are very sensitive targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and most sperm functions are impaired in the case of OS. In addition unbalanced production of ROS is considered one of the most important causes of sperm DNA fragmentation, a semen trait of infertile men. The relationship between oxidative damage and semen quality is partially controversial, probably due to the different methods and/or targets used to reveal the OS. In this study, by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, we compared two methods to reveal 8-hydroxy,2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), the hallmark of oxidative DNA damage: an immunofluorescence method and the commercial OxyDNA kit. We found that although both methods localized the labelling in sperm nuclei they yielded different measures, and only with the immunofluorescence method was the labelling specific for sperm 8-OHdG. The immunofluorescence method, coupled to flow cytometry, was thus selected to analyse the 8-OHdG content in semen samples from 94 subfertile patients and to investigate the relationship with semen quality. We found that the percentages of spermatozoa with 8-OHdG (mean±s.d., 11.4±6.9%) were related to sperm count (Pearson's correlation coefficient (r)=−0.27, P=0.04 (ANOVA and student's t-test)), motility (progressive: r=−0.22, P=0.04; non-progressive: r=0.25, P=0.01), and normal morphology (r=−0.27, P=0.01). In conclusion, we demonstrate that immunofluorescence/flow cytometry is a reliable and specific method to detect 8-OHdG at single-cell level and show that oxidative damage only partially overlaps poor semen quality, suggesting that it could provide additional information on male fertility with respect to routine semen analysis.
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358
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Lazaros L, Vartholomatos G, Pamporaki C, Kosmas I, Takenaka A, Makrydimas G, Sofikitis N, Stefos T, Zikopoulos K, Hatzi E, Georgiou I. Sperm flow cytometric parameters are associated with ICSI outcome. Reprod Biomed Online 2013; 26:611-8. [PMID: 23602684 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The association of sperm nuclear chromatin condensation and ploidy with embryo development and outcome after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was explored. The study population consisted of 16 couples referred to Ioannina University Medical School In vitro Fertilization Unit with male factor infertility and serious impairments in sperm nuclear chromatin condensation and ploidy, according to sperm flow cytometry. Additionally, 20 couples with male factor infertility and relatively high sperm flow cytometry parameters participated as controls. The 35 cycles of the study population were characterized by a lower fertilization rate (P<0.001) as well as decreased grade A embryo rate (P=0.004) and increased grade C embryo rate (P=0.028), compared with the 29 cycles of the control group. Additionally, a significantly elevated arrested embryo rate (P<0.001) and a decreased clinical pregnancy rate (P<0.020) were observed in the couples of the study population. Consequently, high levels of sperm nuclear chromatin condensation abnormalities and sperm aneuploidies are probably associated with lower fertilization rates, impaired embryo quality, elevated arrested embryo rates and decreased pregnancy rates. These preliminary results strongly support the use of sperm flow cytometry as a potential prognostic tool of ICSI outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandros Lazaros
- Genetics and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ioannina University Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
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359
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Ruvolo G, Roccheri MC, Brucculeri AM, Longobardi S, Cittadini E, Bosco L. Lower sperm DNA fragmentation after r-FSH administration in functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30:497-503. [PMID: 23435529 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-9951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE An observational clinical and molecular study was designed to evaluate the effects of the administration of recombinant human FSH on sperm DNA fragmentation in men with a non-classical form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. METHODS In the study were included 53 men with a non-classical form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. In all patients, sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI), assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) in situ DNA nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay, was evaluated before starting the treatment with 150 IU of recombinant human FSH, given three times a week for at least 3 months. Patients' semen analysis and DNA fragmentation index were re-evaluated after the 3-month treatment period. RESULTS After recombinant human FSH therapy, we did not find any differences in terms of sperm count, motility and morphology. The average DNA fragmentation index was significantly reduced (21.15 vs 15.2, p<0.05), but we found a significant reduction in patients with high basal DFI values (>15 %), while no significant variation occurred in the patients with DFI values ≤ 15 %. CONCLUSIONS Recombinant human FSH administration improves sperm DNA integrity in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia men with DNA fragmentation index value >15 % .
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ruvolo
- Centro di Biologia della Riproduzione, via V. Villareale 54, 90141, Palermo, Italy.
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360
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Sakkas D. Novel technologies for selecting the best sperm for in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:1023-9. [PMID: 23357456 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The increasing focus on developing new tools to more accurately diagnose and select individual sperm before intracytoplasmic sperm injection will allow us to counsel and treat couples with greater confidence and efficiency. Current sperm selection techniques are based on the premise that if an ejaculated spermatozoon has cleared spermatogenesis with the correct morphology and/or membrane properties then it is most likely normal. Techniques that are designed to prepare a clean "normal" sperm population or that assist in selecting an individual "normal" spermatozoon are currently being investigated. The use of techniques, including density-gradient preparation, electrophoretic separation, microfluidics, high-magnification sperm morphology selection, and hyaluronic acid binding, is discussed. The research evidence that supports the interrelated developmental and genetic integrity of the selected sperm, particularly sperm DNA damage and clinical outcome evidence are presented.
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361
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Jeng HA, Pan CH, Lin WY, Wu MT, Taylor S, Chang-Chien GP, Zhou G, Diawara N. Biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coke oven emissions and reproductive toxicity in nonsmoking workers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 244-245:436-43. [PMID: 23314003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the cross-sectional study was to assess whether exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from coke oven emissions contributed to alteration of semen quality and sperm DNA integrity in nonsmoking workers. Nonsmoking coke oven workers from a steel plant in Taiwan served as the exposure groups (topside-oven workers for the high exposure group and side-oven workers for the low exposure group), and administrators and security personnel in the plant served as the control. An exposure assessment was conducted to determine both particulate and gaseous phase of PAH levels and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) levels. Semen quality was analyzed according to WHO guidelines. DNA fragmentation and bulky DNA adducts were measured to assess sperm DNA integrity. There was no significant difference in sperm concentrations, vitality, and DNA fragmentation between the exposed group and the control. The high exposure group experienced significantly lower percentages of normal morphology as compared with the control (p=0.0001). Bulky DNA adducts were detected in the exposed group that were significant higher than the control (p=0.04). Exposure to PAHs from coke-oven emissions could contribute to increased levels of bulky DNA adducts in sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueiwang Anna Jeng
- School of Community and Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
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362
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Lotti F, Corona G, Degli Innocenti S, Filimberti E, Scognamiglio V, Vignozzi L, Forti G, Maggi M. Seminal, ultrasound and psychobiological parameters correlate with metabolic syndrome in male members of infertile couples. Andrology 2013; 1:229-39. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2012.00031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Lotti
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology; University of Florence; Florence; Italy
| | | | - S. Degli Innocenti
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology; University of Florence; Florence; Italy
| | - E. Filimberti
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology; University of Florence; Florence; Italy
| | - V. Scognamiglio
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology; University of Florence; Florence; Italy
| | - L. Vignozzi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology; University of Florence; Florence; Italy
| | - G. Forti
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology; University of Florence; Florence; Italy
| | - M. Maggi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology; University of Florence; Florence; Italy
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363
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Iuso D, Czernik M, Di Egidio F, Sampino S, Zacchini F, Bochenek M, Smorag Z, Modlinski JA, Ptak G, Loi P. Genomic stability of lyophilized sheep somatic cells before and after nuclear transfer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e51317. [PMID: 23308098 PMCID: PMC3540074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented decline of biodiversity worldwide is urging scientists to collect and store biological material from seriously threatened animals, including large mammals. Lyophilization is being explored as a low-cost system for storage in bio-banks of cells that might be used to expand or restore endangered or extinct species through the procedure of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT). Here we report that the genome is intact in about 60% of lyophylized sheep lymphocytes, whereas DNA damage occurs randomly in the remaining 40%. Remarkably, lyophilized nuclei injected into enucleated oocytes are repaired by a robust DNA repairing activity of the oocytes, and show normal developmental competence. Cloned embryos derived from lyophylized cells exhibited chromosome and cellular composition comparable to those of embryos derived from fresh donor cells. These findings support the feasibility of lyophylization as a storage procedure of mammalian cells to be used for SCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Iuso
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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364
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Simultaneous cell by cell study of both DNA fragmentation and chromosomal segregation in spermatozoa from chromosomal rearrangement carriers. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30:383-90. [PMID: 23288665 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Balanced chromosomal translocations are found in one out of 500 subjects in the general population. They usually do not carry any phenotypic consequences, except for possible infertility and for the production of unbalanced gametes leading to spontaneous abortions or chromosomal syndromes in the offspring. An association between chromosomal rearrangements and increased apoptosis markers has been demonstrated on a global scale in sperm samples of translocation and inversion carriers. In order to specify which kind of sperm cells is subject to an increased apoptosis process, this present study was aimed to analyse both chromosomal segregation and DNA fragmentation, sperm cell by sperm cell. METHODS Six patients carrying a chromosomal rearrangement (three reciprocal translocations, two Robertsonian translocations, and one chromosomal pericentric inversion) were included in a retrospective manner. Both DNA fragmentation and chromosomal segregation in spermatozoa were evaluated simultaneously using a modified TUNEL assay associated with FISH. Two thousand spermatozoa were analysed for each patient. RESULTS We showed a higher proportion of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA among the unbalanced sperm cells, compared to the balanced ones, in all six patients. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest an increased fragility of unbalanced spermatozoa to exogenous fragmentation factors. The exact mechanisms of those processes remain to be elucidated.
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365
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Kumar M, Kumar K, Jain S, Hassan T, Dada R. Novel insights into the genetic and epigenetic paternal contribution to the human embryo. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68 Suppl 1:5-14. [PMID: 23503950 PMCID: PMC3583177 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(sup01)02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the sperm genome and epigenome are critical for normal embryonic development. The advent of assisted reproductive technology has led to an increased understanding of the role of sperm in fertilization and embryogenesis. During fertilization, the sperm transmits not only nuclear DNA to the oocyte but also activation factor, centrosomes, and a host of messenger RNA and microRNAs. This complex complement of microRNAs and other non-coding RNAs is believed to modify important post-fertilization events. Thus, the health of the sperm genome and epigenome is critical for improving assisted conception rates and the birth of healthy offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
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366
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Jeng HA, Pan CH, Chao MR. 1-Hydroxypyrene as a biomarker for assessing the effects of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on semen quality and sperm DNA integrity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2013; 48:152-158. [PMID: 23043336 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2012.716741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess whether urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) could serve as a biomarker to assess the effect of PAHs on cellular and molecular changes of sperm. Urine and semen samples were collected from a total of 65 healthy coke oven workers. Sperm quality parameters (concentration, motility, vitality, and morphology) and semen integrity (DNA fragmentation, 8-oxodGuo, bulky DNA adducts) were analyzed. Sixteen (16) targeted PAHs at the personal breathing zone area were monitored and quantified. Results showed that urinary 1-OHP positively correlated with measured levels of 16 targeted PAHs. Urinary 1-OHP did not significantly correlate with semen quality; however, PAHs with heavy molecular weight, e.g., benzo(g,h,i)perylene and benzo(k)fluoranthene, negatively correlated with morphology and motility of sperms (p = 0.02 and 0.002, p = 0.04 and 0.04, respectively). Urinary 1-OHP positively correlated with the level of 8-oxodGuo and bulky DNA adducts, but not DNA fragmentation. Urinary 1-OHP was a suitable biomarker for an estimate of biologically effective doses of PAH exposure. However, urinary 1-OHP may not be sufficient as a biomarker to assess both cellular and molecular changes of sperm induced by PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueiwang Anna Jeng
- School of Community and Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
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367
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Balasuriya A, Serhal P, Doshi A, Harper JC. Processes involved in assisted reproduction technologies significantly increase sperm DNA fragmentation and phosphatidylserine translocation. Andrologia 2012; 46:86-97. [PMID: 23230887 DOI: 10.1111/and.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm preparation techniques in assisted reproduction technologies (ART) are potential generators of exogenous stresses that cause additional DNA damage. DNA fragmentation tests, such as the sperm chromatin structure assay, involve freezing sperm samples in the absence of cryoprotectant. Thermal, oxidative stress (OS) and freezing are detrimental to sperm DNA fragmentation and phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation. The primary aim of this study was to subject mature sperm to environmental insults that normally occur during ART. We tested the hypotheses that OS, thermal stress and freeze-thawing caused sperm nuclear and membrane damage and that a positive correlation exists between PS translocation and DNA fragmentation. Sperm DNA integrity deteriorates in semen samples from men with advancing age and a sperm concentration of <15 m ml(-1) . The significant increase in sperm DNA fragmentation at 37 °C after merely 1 h is important clinically as semen liquefaction and short-term sperm storage in an ART cycle involve incubating samples at this temperature. Freezing without a cryoprotectant significantly increases the level of sperm nuclear damage, so it is important not to freeze neat semen prior to DNA fragmentation testing. This study highlights the importance of minimising the production of exogenous stresses during sperm preparation in ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Balasuriya
- UCL Centre for PG & D, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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368
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Pacey AA. Assessment of male factor. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2012; 26:739-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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369
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Bloom MS, Fujimoto VY, Steuerwald AJ, Cheng G, Browne RW, Parsons PJ. Background exposure to toxic metals in women adversely influences pregnancy during in vitro fertilization (IVF). Reprod Toxicol 2012; 34:471-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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370
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González-Marín C, Gosálvez J, Roy R. Types, causes, detection and repair of DNA fragmentation in animal and human sperm cells. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:14026-52. [PMID: 23203048 PMCID: PMC3509564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentration, motility and morphology are parameters commonly used to determine the fertilization potential of an ejaculate. These parameters give a general view on the quality of sperm but do not provide information about one of the most important components of the reproductive outcome: DNA. Either single or double DNA strand breaks can set the difference between fertile and infertile males. Sperm DNA fragmentation can be caused by intrinsic factors like abortive apoptosis, deficiencies in recombination, protamine imbalances or oxidative stress. Damage can also occur due to extrinsic factors such as storage temperatures, extenders, handling conditions, time after ejaculation, infections and reaction to medicines or post-testicular oxidative stress, among others. Two singular characteristics differentiate sperm from somatic cells: Protamination and absence of DNA repair. DNA repair in sperm is terminated as transcription and translation stops post-spermiogenesis, so these cells have no mechanism to repair the damage occurred during their transit through the epididymis and post-ejaculation. Oocytes and early embryos have been shown to repair sperm DNA damage, so the effect of sperm DNA fragmentation depends on the combined effects of sperm chromatin damage and the capacity of the oocyte to repair it. In this contribution we review some of these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara González-Marín
- Sexing Technologies, 22575 State Highway 6 South, Navasota, TX 77868, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Jaime Gosálvez
- Biology Department, Universidad Autonoma of Madrid, C/ Darwin nº 2. 28049 Madrid, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Rosa Roy
- Biology Department, Universidad Autonoma of Madrid, C/ Darwin nº 2. 28049 Madrid, Spain; E-Mail:
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371
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Komiya A, Watanabe A, Kawauchi Y, Fuse H. Sperm with large nuclear vacuoles and semen quality in the evaluation of male infertility. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2012; 59:13-20. [DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2012.729174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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372
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Relationship between apoptotic markers in semen from fertile men and demographic, hormonal and seminal characteristics. Asian J Androl 2012; 14:890-6. [PMID: 23064689 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2012.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis in the testis has two putative roles during normal spermatogenesis; limitation of the germ cell population to numbers that can be supported by the Sertoli cells, and, possibly, selective depletion of meiotic and postmeiotic abnormal germ cells. We investigated the demographic and biological correlates of the pro-apoptotic marker Fas and the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-xL in sperm cells of fertile men. Six hundred and four men from Greenland, Poland and Ukraine were consecutively enrolled during their pregnant wife's antenatal visits. Semen analysis was performed as recommended by the World Health Organization. Immunofluorescence coupled to flow cytometry was utilized for detection of apoptotic markers in the sperm cell. DNA damage was assessed by flow cytometry using both the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. The percentage of Fas-positive sperm cells was higher in men with high total sperm count (P<0.01), more motile sperms (P=0.04) and fewer sperm head defects (P=0.05). These associations were consistent within and across study regions. Furthermore, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and sexual hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were significantly negatively correlated with Fas within and across regions as well. The data indicated no association between the anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL marker and semen or personal characteristics. The finding of Fas-positive sperm cells associated with better semen quality in a cohort of spouses of pregnant women seems different from previous data obtained in infertile men and warrants further investigation to clarify the biological significance of sperm apoptotic markers.
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373
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The true impact of the current sperm DNA fragmentation testing needs further scrutiny to assess whether clinically meaningful information is conveyed. RECENT FINDINGS Various studies have suggested different or no threshold values with assorted tests for the percentage of DNA fragmentation in the ejaculated sperm above which natural conception, fertilization or embryo development and/or clinical pregnancy rates are compromised. Current DNA fragmentation assessment methods provide very little specific information on the nature and severity of the DNA damage detected. Although sperm DNA fragmentation is associated with lower pregnancy rates through natural conception or intrauterine insemination, it does not seem to affect intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome. Although animal studies demonstrated adverse reproductive effects of sperm DNA fragmentation, any conclusive evidence in humans is yet to be demonstrated. It is not clear whether interventions aimed at enrichment of sperm with decreased DNA fragmentation are effective in preventing the potential adverse effects of sperm DNA fragmentation in humans. Major concern about the use of sperm DNA integrity tests as prognostic parameters is that the direct evaluation of DNA fragmentation in individual sperm fertilizing the oocyte is not possible. SUMMARY The lack of consensus in defining a clinically relevant standard DNA fragmentation test with a meaningful cut-off level brings challenges in implementing the routine use of sperm DNA integrity assessment in daily practice.
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374
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Ribas-Maynou J, García-Peiró A, Fernandez-Encinas A, Amengual MJ, Prada E, Cortés P, Navarro J, Benet J. Double stranded sperm DNA breaks, measured by Comet assay, are associated with unexplained recurrent miscarriage in couples without a female factor. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44679. [PMID: 23028579 PMCID: PMC3444447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that sperm samples from recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) couples have an increase in their sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), but no studies have been performed in order to identify differences between single stranded SDF (ssSDF) and double stranded SDF (dsSDF) in these patients. This could be relevant because the type of DNA damage could have different effects. Semen samples were classified attending their clinical status: 25 fertile donors and 20 RPL patients with at least two unexplained first trimester miscarriages. SDF was analysed using alkaline and neutral Comet assay, SCD test and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and ROC analysis including data from 105 more infertile patients (n = 150) was performed to establish predictive threshold values. SDF for alkaline and neutral Comet, and the SCD test was analysed in these categories of individuals. Data revealed the presence of two subgroups within fertile donors. The values obtained were 21.10±9.13, 23.35±10.45 and 12.31±4.31, respectively, for fertile donors with low values for both ssSDF and dsSDF; 27.86±12.64, 80.69±12.67 and 12.43±5.22, for fertile donors with low ssSDF and high dsSDF; and 33.61±15.50, 84.64±11.28 and 19.28±6.05, for unexplained RPL patients, also showing a low ssSDF and high dsSDF profile. This latter profile was seen in 85% of unexplained RPL and 33% of fertile donors, suggesting that it may be associated to a male risk factor for undergoing RPL. ROC analysis regarding recurrent miscarriage set the cut-off value at 77.50% of dsDNA SDF. PFGE for low ssSDF and high dsSDF profile samples and positive controls treated with DNase, to induce dsDNA breaks, showed a more intense band of about 48 kb, which fits the toroid model of DNA compaction in sperm, pointing out that some nuclease activity may be affecting their sperm DNA in RPL patients. This work identifies a very specific SDF profile related to the paternal risk of having RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ribas-Maynou
- Càtedra de Recerca Eugin-UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Cel lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Agustín García-Peiró
- Càtedra de Recerca Eugin-UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Cel lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alba Fernandez-Encinas
- Càtedra de Recerca Eugin-UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Cel lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maria José Amengual
- UDIAT, Centre Diagnòstic. Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí. Sabadell. Institut Universitari Parc Taulí – UAB, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Elena Prada
- Servei de Ginecologia, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Pilar Cortés
- Departament de Genética i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joaquima Navarro
- Càtedra de Recerca Eugin-UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Cel lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet
- Càtedra de Recerca Eugin-UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Cel lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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375
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Robinson L, Gallos ID, Conner SJ, Rajkhowa M, Miller D, Lewis S, Kirkman-Brown J, Coomarasamy A. The effect of sperm DNA fragmentation on miscarriage rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:2908-17. [PMID: 22791753 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between high levels of sperm DNA damage and miscarriage? SUMMARY ANSWER Miscarriage rates are positively correlated with sperm DNA damage levels. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Most ejaculates contain a subpopulation of sperm with DNA damage, also referred to as DNA fragmentation, in the form of double or single-strand breaks which have been induced in the DNA prior to or following ejaculation. This DNA damage may be particularly elevated in some subfertile men, hence several studies have examined the link between sperm DNA damage levels and conception and miscarriage rates. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies which examined the effect of sperm DNA damage on miscarriage rates was performed. Searches were conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library without any language restrictions from database inception to January 2012. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We used the terms 'DNA damage' or 'DNA fragmentation' combined with 'miscarriage', 'abortion' or 'pregnancy' to generate a set of relevant citations. Data extraction was performed by two reviewers. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis of relative risks of miscarriage was performed with a random effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed by the type of DNA damage test, whether the sperm examined were prepared or from raw semen and for pregnancies resulting from IVF or ICSI treatment. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We identified 16 cohort studies (2969 couples), 14 of which were prospective. Eight studies used acridine orange-based assays, six the TUNEL assay and two the COMET assay. Meta-analysis showed a significant increase in miscarriage in patients with high DNA damage compared with those with low DNA damage [risk ratio (RR) = 2.16 (1.54, 3.03), P < 0.00001)]. A subgroup analysis showed that the miscarriage association is strongest for the TUNEL assay (RR = 3.94 (2.45, 6.32), P < 0.00001). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION There is some variation in study characteristics, including the use of different assays and different thresholds for DNA damage and the definition of pregnancy loss. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The use of methods which select sperm without DNA damage for use in assisted conception treatment may reduce the risk of miscarriage. This finding indicates that assays detecting DNA damage could be considered in those suffering from recurrent pregnancy loss. Further research is necessary to study the mechanisms of DNA damage and the potential therapeutic effects of antioxidant therapy. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Robinson
- Centre for Human Reproductive Science, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Mindelsohn Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK.
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376
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Irez T, Ocal P, Guralp O, Kaleli S, Ocer F, Sahmay S. Sperm selection based on motility in polyvinylpyrrolidone is associated with successful pregnancy and embryo development. Andrologia 2012; 45:240-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2012.01337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - O. Guralp
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine; Istanbul; Turkey
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377
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Cordelli E, Eleuteri P, Grollino MG, Benassi B, Blandino G, Bartoleschi C, Pardini MC, Di Caprio EV, Spanò M, Pacchierotti F, Villani P. Direct and delayed X-ray-induced DNA damage in male mouse germ cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2012; 53:429-439. [PMID: 22730201 DOI: 10.1002/em.21703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sperm DNA integrity is essential for the accurate transmission of paternal genetic information. Various stages of spermatogenesis are characterized by large differences in radiosensitivity. Differentiating spermatogonia are susceptible to radiation-induced cell killing, but some of them can repair DNA damage and progress through differentiation. In this study, we applied the neutral comet assay, immunodetection of phosphorylated H2AX (γ-H2AX) and the Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) to detect DNA strand breaks in testicular cells and spermatozoa at different times following in vivo X-ray irradiation. Radiation produced DNA strand breaks in testicular cells that were repaired within the first few hours after exposure. Spermatozoa were resistant to the induction of DNA damage, but non-targeted DNA lesions were detected in spermatozoa derived from surviving irradiated spermatogonia. These lesions formed while round spermatids started to elongate within the testicular seminiferous tubules. The transcription of pro-apoptotic genes at this time was also enhanced, suggesting that an apoptotic-like process was involved in DNA break production. Our results suggest that proliferating spermatogonia retain a memory of the radiation insult that is recognized at a later developmental stage and activates a process leading to DNA fragmentation.
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378
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¿A qué nivel se produce la fragmentación del ADN en pacientes infértiles con varicocele? Rev Int Androl 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1698-031x(12)70060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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379
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Hammoud I, Boitrelle F, Ferfouri F, Vialard F, Bergere M, Wainer B, Bailly M, Albert M, Selva J. Selection of normal spermatozoa with a vacuole-free head (x6300) improves selection of spermatozoa with intact DNA in patients with high sperm DNA fragmentation rates. Andrologia 2012; 45:163-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2012.01328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - B. Wainer
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Cytogenetics and Gynecology; Hospital of Poissy; Poissy; France
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380
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Noblanc A, Peltier M, Damon-Soubeyrand C, Kerchkove N, Chabory E, Vernet P, Saez F, Cadet R, Janny L, Pons-Rejraji H, Conrad M, Drevet JR, Kocer A. Epididymis response partly compensates for spermatozoa oxidative defects in snGPx4 and GPx5 double mutant mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38565. [PMID: 22719900 PMCID: PMC3375294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here that spermatozoa of mice lacking both the sperm nucleaus glutathione peroxidase 4 (snGPx4) and the epididymal glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPx5) activities display sperm nucleus structural abnormalities including delayed and defective nuclear compaction, nuclear instability and DNA damage. We show that to counteract the GPx activity losses, the epididymis of the double KO animals mounted an antioxydant response resulting in a strong increase in the global H2O2-scavenger activity especially in the cauda epididymis. Quantitative RT-PCR data show that together with the up-regulation of epididymal scavengers (of the thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin system as well as glutathione-S-transferases) the epididymis of double mutant animals increased the expression of several disulfide isomerases in an attempt to recover normal disulfide-bridging activity. Despite these compensatory mechanisms cauda-stored spermatozoa of double mutant animals show high levels of DNA oxidation, increased fragmentation and greater susceptibility to nuclear decondensation. Nevertheless, the enzymatic epididymal salvage response is sufficient to maintain full fertility of double KO males whatever their age, crossed with young WT female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Noblanc
- Genetics Reproduction & Development laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Clermont Université, Aubière, France
| | | | - Christelle Damon-Soubeyrand
- Genetics Reproduction & Development laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Clermont Université, Aubière, France
| | - Nicolas Kerchkove
- Genetics Reproduction & Development laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Clermont Université, Aubière, France
| | - Eléonore Chabory
- Laboratoire d'Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, Département gynécologie-obstétrique, Hôpital Porte Madeleine, Orléans, France
| | - Patrick Vernet
- Genetics Reproduction & Development laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Clermont Université, Aubière, France
| | - Fabrice Saez
- Genetics Reproduction & Development laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Clermont Université, Aubière, France
| | - Rémi Cadet
- Genetics Reproduction & Development laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Clermont Université, Aubière, France
| | - Laurent Janny
- Genetics Reproduction & Development laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Clermont Université, Aubière, France
- CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hanae Pons-Rejraji
- Genetics Reproduction & Development laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Clermont Université, Aubière, France
- CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marcus Conrad
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joël R. Drevet
- Genetics Reproduction & Development laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Clermont Université, Aubière, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Ayhan Kocer
- Genetics Reproduction & Development laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Clermont Université, Aubière, France
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381
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Kläver R, Bleiziffer A, Redmann K, Mallidis C, Kliesch S, Gromoll J. Routine cryopreservation of spermatozoa is safe--evidence from the DNA methylation pattern of nine spermatozoa genes. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:943-50. [PMID: 22692281 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Assess short- and mid-term impact of cryopreservation on DNA methylation status of different genes in spermatozoa. METHODS Semen samples from 10 healthy normozoospermic men were collected at the Department of Clinical Andrology of the Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology (Muenster, Germany). Each was divided into four equal aliquots: 1) untreated, 2) diluted in cryoprotectant, 3) short term (2 days) cryopreserved and 4) mid term (4 weeks) cryopreserved. Samples were "swim-up" purified prior to analysis. DNA fragmentation was measured using comet assay and Flow cytometric evaluation with Acridine Orange (FCEAO). The degree of methylation of nine genes was determined by bisulfite pyrosequencing of genomic DNA. RESULT(S) Analysis of three maternally imprinted genes (LIT1, SNRPN, MEST), two paternally imprinted genes (MEG3, H19), two repetitive elements (ALU, LINE1), one spermatogenesis-specific gene (VASA) and one gene associated with male infertility (MTHFR) in semen samples demonstrated no alteration in methylation pattern regardless of duration of cryopreservation. CONCLUSION(S) The lack of any changes in the sub-fraction of the genome examined in our study, implies that sperm DNA methylation is unaffected by cryopreservation and suggests that this daily clinical routine is safe in terms of DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Kläver
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Clinics Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Muenster, Germany
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382
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Håkonsen L, Spano M, Bonde J, Olsen J, Thulstrup A, Ernst E, Ramlau-Hansen C. Exposures that may affect sperm DNA integrity: Two decades of follow-up in a pregnancy cohort. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 33:316-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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383
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Noblanc A, Kocer A, Drevet JR. [Post-testicular protection of male gametes from oxidative damage. The role of the epididymis]. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:519-25. [PMID: 22643006 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2012285017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatozoa leave the testis in an immature functional state and are devoid of self defense mechanisms. They will become motile and ready to fertilize only after their descent and their progressive maturation within the epididymal tubule. The epididymis also ensures the survival and the protection of male gametes while they go through the epididymis and during their storage in between two ejaculations. Amongst common stresses that concern spermatozoa, oxidative stress occupies a peculiar and dual position. While the events of epididymal sperm maturation necessitate a given level of oxidation, spermatozoa are particularly sensitive to oxidative damage. A fine balance between beneficial oxidation versus detrimental oxidative damage has to be maintained in the epididymal environment. Antioxidant enzymes of the glutathione peroxidase family play a key role in controling such a situation in the epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Noblanc
- Laboratoire génétique, reproduction et développement (GReD), CNRS UMR 6293, Clermont Université, Inserm U1103, 24, avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
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384
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Ji G, Long Y, Zhou Y, Huang C, Gu A, Wang X. Common variants in mismatch repair genes associated with increased risk of sperm DNA damage and male infertility. BMC Med 2012; 10:49. [PMID: 22594646 PMCID: PMC3378460 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mismatch repair (MMR) pathway plays an important role in the maintenance of the genome integrity, meiotic recombination and gametogenesis. This study investigated whether genetic variations in MMR genes are associated with an increased risk of sperm DNA damage and male infertility. METHODS We selected and genotyped 21 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five MMR genes (MLH1, MLH3, PMS2, MSH4 and MSH5) using the SNPstream 12-plex platform in a case-control study of 1,292 idiopathic infertility patients and 480 fertile controls in a Chinese population. Sperm DNA damage levels were detected with the Tdt-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay in 450 cases. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and co-immunoprecipitation techniques were employed to determine the effects of functional variants. RESULTS One intronic SNP in MLH1 (rs4647269) and two non-synonymous SNPs in PMS2 (rs1059060, Ser775Asn) and MSH5 (rs2075789, Pro29Ser) seem to be risk factors for the development of azoospermia or oligozoospermia. Meanwhile, we also identified a possible contribution of PMS2 rs1059060 to the risk of male infertility with normal sperm count. Among patients with normal sperm count, MLH1 rs4647269 and PMS2 rs1059060 were associated with increased sperm DNA damage. Functional analysis revealed that the PMS2 rs1059060 can affect the interactions between MLH1 and PMS2. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence supporting the involvement of genetic polymorphisms in MMR genes in the aetiology of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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385
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Gianaroli L, Magli MC, Stanghellini I, Crippa A, Crivello AM, Pescatori ES, Ferraretti AP. DNA integrity is maintained after freeze-drying of human spermatozoa. Fertil Steril 2012; 97:1067-1073.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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386
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Puglisi R, Pozzi A, Foglio L, Spanò M, Eleuteri P, Grollino MG, Bongioni G, Galli A. The usefulness of combining traditional sperm assessments with in vitro heterospermic insemination to identify bulls of low fertility as estimated in vivo. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 132:17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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387
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Brown R, Harper J. The clinical benefit and safety of current and future assisted reproductive technology. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 25:108-17. [PMID: 22683151 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the first birth by IVF was achieved in 1978, the techniques involved in assisted reproductive technology have grown at an enormous rate. However, new technology has rarely been robustly validated before clinical use and developing scientific understanding of the available techniques has done little to alter their use. Furthermore, there are inconsistencies in the available clinical studies and endpoints. The benefits of some technologies already established for routine use are currently dubious and there are clear ethical concerns with providing them to patients when their scientific basis is not clear. As the uptake of assisted reproductive technology increases and newer technologies continue to push the boundaries of science, it is important to consider the clinical benefits and safety of all assisted reproductive technologies. This review will discuss aspects of some of the more recent techniques, including sperm DNA-damage tests, intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection, amino acid and metabolomics profiling, preimplantation genetic screening and time-lapse imaging, and those that may have substantial impacts on the field of reproductive medicine in the future including artificial gametes, ovarian transplantation and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Brown
- Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, UK.
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388
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Zorn B, Golob B, Ihan A, Kopitar A, Kolbezen M. Apoptotic sperm biomarkers and their correlation with conventional sperm parameters and male fertility potential. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:357-64. [PMID: 22361952 PMCID: PMC3309979 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between sperm apoptotic biomarkers and patient clinical characteristics, conventional sperm parameters and fertility potential. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sperm analysis, phospholipid asymmetry, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and DNA denaturation were assessed in 142 males of infertile couples. Seventy-three couples were allocated to the natural conception group, and 55 couples underwent IVF or ICSI. RESULTS DNA denaturation correlated positively with age and negatively with testicular volume (TV). MMP correlated negatively with BMI and FSH and positively with TV. Normal viable sperm correlated positively with TV and negatively with age, BMI and FSH. DNA denaturation was associated with a significantly lower natural pregnancy rate (OR 5.4, 95% CI:1.3-22, p = 0.011). CONCLUSION Sperm apoptosis is related to male age, BMI, testicular volume and FSH. Among the apoptotic markers, only DNA denaturation has been found to predict natural pregnancy better than conventional sperm parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Zorn
- Andrology Centre, Reproductive Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva 3, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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389
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Jayaraman V, Upadhya D, Narayan PK, Adiga SK. Sperm processing by swim-up and density gradient is effective in elimination of sperm with DNA damage. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:557-63. [PMID: 22411295 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9742-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE DNA damage may occur during sperm processing, thereby negatively influencing fertilizing ability of the sperm. The present study was designed to compare the effectiveness of gradient and swim-up, either alone or in combination, to eliminate sperm with DNA damage. METHODS A total of 51 subjects visiting the University infertility clinic with normozoospermic parameters, oligozoospermia and teratozoospermia were included. Semen characteristics were analysed by standard criteria; Terminal deoxy nucelotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay was employed for DNA damage assessment. RESULTS The percentage of TUNEL positive sperm after sperm processing was significantly lower in normozoospermic (P < 0.05), oligozoospermic (P < 0.001) and teratozoospermic samples (P < 0.01). No difference was observed in the incidence of TUNEL positive sperm between the various techniques, suggesting that they are comparable. CONCLUSIONS Sperm preparation has been found to result in enrichment of sperm with intact chromatin, which is likely to improve the chances of achieving a viable pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varshini Jayaraman
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Embryology Laboratory, Kasturba Medical College Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, India.
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390
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Magli MC, Crippa A, Muzii L, Boudjema E, Capoti A, Scaravelli G, Ferraretti AP, Gianaroli L. Head birefringence properties are associated with acrosome reaction, sperm motility and morphology. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 24:352-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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391
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Ahmad G, Moinard N, Esquerré-Lamare C, Mieusset R, Bujan L. Mild induced testicular and epididymal hyperthermia alters sperm chromatin integrity in men. Fertil Steril 2012; 97:546-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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392
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De Jonge C. Semen analysis: looking for an upgrade in class. Fertil Steril 2012; 97:260-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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393
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Abstract
The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is one of the tightest blood-tissue barriers in the mammalian body. It divides the seminiferous epithelium into the basal and the apical (adluminal) compartments. Meiosis I and II, spermiogenesis, and spermiation all take place in a specialized microenvironment behind the BTB in the apical compartment, but spermatogonial renewal and differentiation and cell cycle progression up to the preleptotene spermatocyte stage take place outside of the BTB in the basal compartment of the epithelium. However, the BTB is not a static ultrastructure. Instead, it undergoes extensive restructuring during the seminiferous epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis at stage VIII to allow the transit of preleptotene spermatocytes at the BTB. Yet the immunological barrier conferred by the BTB cannot be compromised, even transiently, during the epithelial cycle to avoid the production of antibodies against meiotic and postmeiotic germ cells. Studies have demonstrated that some unlikely partners, namely adhesion protein complexes (e.g., occludin-ZO-1, N-cadherin-β-catenin, claudin-5-ZO-1), steroids (e.g., testosterone, estradiol-17β), nonreceptor protein kinases (e.g., focal adhesion kinase, c-Src, c-Yes), polarity proteins (e.g., PAR6, Cdc42, 14-3-3), endocytic vesicle proteins (e.g., clathrin, caveolin, dynamin 2), and actin regulatory proteins (e.g., Eps8, Arp2/3 complex), are working together, apparently under the overall influence of cytokines (e.g., transforming growth factor-β3, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1α). In short, a "new" BTB is created behind spermatocytes in transit while the "old" BTB above transiting cells undergoes timely degeneration, so that the immunological barrier can be maintained while spermatocytes are traversing the BTB. We also discuss recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms by which environmental toxicants (e.g., cadmium, bisphenol A) induce testicular injury via their initial actions at the BTB to elicit subsequent damage to germ-cell adhesion, thereby leading to germ-cell loss, reduced sperm count, and male infertility or subfertility. Moreover, we also critically evaluate findings in the field regarding studies on drug transporters in the testis and discuss how these influx and efflux pumps regulate the entry of potential nonhormonal male contraceptives to the apical compartment to exert their effects. Collectively, these findings illustrate multiple potential targets are present at the BTB for innovative contraceptive development and for better delivery of drugs to alleviate toxicant-induced reproductive dysfunction in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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394
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Kang X, Xie Q, Zhou X, Li F, Huang J, Liu D, Huang T. Effects of hepatitis B virus S protein exposure on sperm membrane integrity and functions. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33471. [PMID: 22470450 PMCID: PMC3314651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B is a public health problem worldwide. Viral infection can affect a man's fertility, but only scant information about the influence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on sperm quality is available. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hepatitis B virus S protein (HBs) on human sperm membrane integrity and functions. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization were determined. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays and flow cytometric analyses were performed. (1) After 3 h incubation with 25 µg/ml of HBs, the average rates of ROS positive cells, annexin V-positive/propidium iodide (PI)-negative cells, Caspases-3,-8,-9 positive cells and TUNEL-positive cells were significantly increased in the test groups as compared to those in the control groups, while TAC level was decreased when compared with the control. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the sperm cells exposed to 50 µg/ml of HBs for 3 h was significantly higher than that in the control (P<0.05-0.01). (2) HBs increased the MDA levels and the numbers of ROS positive cells, annexin V-positive/PI-negative cells, caspases-3, -8, -9 positive cells and TUNEL-positive cells in a dose-dependent manner. (3) HBs monoclonal antibody (MAb) and N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced the number of ROS-positive sperm cells. (4) HBs decreased the TAC levels in sperm cells in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION HBs exposure could lead to ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, TAC reduction, PS externalization, activation of caspases, and DNA fragmentation, resulting in increased apoptosis of sperm cells and loss of sperm membrane integrity and causing sperm dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - TianHua Huang
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- * E-mail:
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395
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Ebner T, Filicori M, Tews G, Parmegiani L. A plea for a more physiological ICSI. Andrologia 2011; 44 Suppl 1:2-19. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Ebner
- Landes- Frauen- und Kinderklinik; Kinderwunsch Zentrum; Linz; Upper Austria; Austria
| | - M. Filicori
- GynePro Medical Centers; Reproductive Medicine Unit; Bologna; Italy
| | - G. Tews
- Landes- Frauen- und Kinderklinik; Kinderwunsch Zentrum; Linz; Upper Austria; Austria
| | - L. Parmegiani
- GynePro Medical Centers; Reproductive Medicine Unit; Bologna; Italy
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396
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Franken DR, Oehninger S. Semen analysis and sperm function testing. Asian J Androl 2011; 14:6-13. [PMID: 22179512 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2011.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite controversy regarding the clinical value of semen analysis, male fertility investigation still relies on a standardized analysis of the semen parameters. This is especially true for infertility clinics in both developing and developed countries. Other optional tests or sophisticated technologies have not been widely applied. The current review addresses important changes in the analysis of semen as described in the new World Health Organization (WHO) manual for semen analysis. The most important change in the manual is the use of evidence-based publications as references to determine cutoff values for normality. Apart from the above mentioned changes, the initial evaluation and handling methods remain, in most instances, the same as in previous editions. Furthermore, the review evaluates the importance of quality control in andrology with emphasis on the evaluation of sperm morphology. WHO sperm morphology training programmes for Sub-Saharan countries were initiated at Tygerberg Hospital in 1995. The external quality control programme has ensured that the majority of participants have maintained their morphological reading skills acquired during initial training. This review reports on current sperm functional tests, such as the induced acrosome reaction, and sperm-zona pellucida binding assays, as well as the impact of sperm quality in terms of DNA integrity, and the relationship of sperm function tests to sperm morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Franken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tygerberg Hospita, Cape Town, South Africa.
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397
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Harper J, Cristina Magli M, Lundin K, Barratt CLR, Brison D. When and how should new technology be introduced into the IVF laboratory? Hum Reprod 2011; 27:303-13. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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398
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Reply by the Authors. Urology 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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399
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Bungum M. Sperm DNA integrity assessment: a new tool in diagnosis and treatment of fertility. Obstet Gynecol Int 2011; 2012:531042. [PMID: 22190954 PMCID: PMC3236416 DOI: 10.1155/2012/531042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility affects 15% of all couples. Although male infertility factors with reduced semen quality are contributing to about half of all involuntary childlessness, the value of standard semen parameters in prediction of fertility in vivo and choice of proper method for assisted reproduction is limited. In the search for better markers of male fertility, during the last 10 years, assessment of sperm DNA integrity has emerged as a strong new biomarker of semen quality that may have the potential to discriminate between infertile and fertile men. Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) as assessed by the flow cytometric Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) can be used for evaluation of sperm chromatin integrity. The biological background for abnormal DFI is not completely known, but clinical data show that DFI above 30% is associated with very low chance for achieving pregnancy in natural way or by insemination, but not in vitro. Already when the DFI is above 20%, the chance of natural pregnancy may be reduced, despite other sperm parameters being normal. Thus this method may explain a significant proportion of cases of unexplained infertility and can be beneficial in counselling involuntary childless couples need of in vitro fertilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Bungum
- Reproductive Medicine Centre (RMC), Skane University Hospital, 205 02 Malmo, Sweden
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400
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Varshini J, Srinag BS, Kalthur G, Krishnamurthy H, Kumar P, Rao SBS, Adiga SK. Poor sperm quality and advancing age are associated with increased sperm DNA damage in infertile men. Andrologia 2011; 44 Suppl 1:642-9. [PMID: 22040161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing evidence for faulty paternal contribution to reproduction, there has been a steady increase in studies highlighting an association between sperm DNA damage, failed/delayed fertilisation and aberrant embryo development. Owing to prevailing ambiguity, the aims of the study were to analyse the genetic integrity of the male gamete and then to understand its association with age, standard semen parameters, lifestyle and occupational factors. The study included 504 subjects, attending university infertility clinic for fertility evaluation and treatment. Semen characteristics were analysed by standard criteria; terminal deoxynucelotidyl transferase-mediated nick end-labelling assay was employed for DNA damage assessment. The average incidence of sperm DNA damage in patients with normozoospermic semen parameters was <10%. Patients with oligozoospermia, severe oligozoospermia, oligoasthenoteratospermia, asthenoteratozoospermia and necrozoospermia had significantly higher level of sperm DNA damage (P < 0.001). Patients above 40 years of age had significantly high levels of DNA damage (P < 0.001) compared with their counterparts. Patients with varicocele and a history of alcohol consumption had higher incidence of spermatozoa with DNA damage (P < 0.01). Poor sperm characteristics in the ejaculate are associated with increased sperm DNA damage. Age-related increase in sperm DNA damage and association of the same with varicocele and alcohol consumption are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Varshini
- Clinical Embryology, Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
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