351
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Yeom HS, Lee Y, Lee JE, Shin S. Geometry-dependent divergence in the gold-catalyzed redox cascade cyclization of o-alkynylaryl ketoximes and nitrones leading to isoindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4744-52. [DOI: 10.1039/b910757f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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352
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Fructos MR, Díaz-Requejo MM, Pérez PJ. Highly active gold-based catalyst for the reaction of benzaldehyde with ethyl diazoacetate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5153-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b908233f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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353
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Suárez-Pantiga S, Rubio E, Alvarez-Rúa C, González JM. Intermolecular Reaction of Internal Alkynes and Imines: Propargyl Tosylates as Key Partners in a Gold-Catalyzed [4 + 1] Unusual Cyclization Leading to Cyclopent-2-enimines. Org Lett 2008; 11:13-6. [PMID: 19046069 DOI: 10.1021/ol8025523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Suárez-Pantiga
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”−Unidad Asociada al C.S.I.C. and Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, and Servicio de Rayos X, Servicios Científico-Técnicos, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Claveria, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eduardo Rubio
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”−Unidad Asociada al C.S.I.C. and Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, and Servicio de Rayos X, Servicios Científico-Técnicos, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Claveria, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Rúa
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”−Unidad Asociada al C.S.I.C. and Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, and Servicio de Rayos X, Servicios Científico-Técnicos, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Claveria, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José M. González
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”−Unidad Asociada al C.S.I.C. and Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, and Servicio de Rayos X, Servicios Científico-Técnicos, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Claveria, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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354
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Corberán R, Marrot S, Dellus N, Merceron-Saffon N, Kato T, Peris E, Baceiredo A. First Cyclic Carbodiphosphoranes of Copper(I) and Gold(I) and Their Application in the Catalytic Cleavage of X−H Bonds (X = N and O). Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om8008958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Corberán
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12080 Castellón, Spain, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France, and Structure Fédérative Toulousaine en Chimie Moléculaire, FR 2599, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Sebastien Marrot
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12080 Castellón, Spain, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France, and Structure Fédérative Toulousaine en Chimie Moléculaire, FR 2599, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Nicolas Dellus
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12080 Castellón, Spain, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France, and Structure Fédérative Toulousaine en Chimie Moléculaire, FR 2599, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Nathalie Merceron-Saffon
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12080 Castellón, Spain, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France, and Structure Fédérative Toulousaine en Chimie Moléculaire, FR 2599, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12080 Castellón, Spain, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France, and Structure Fédérative Toulousaine en Chimie Moléculaire, FR 2599, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12080 Castellón, Spain, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France, and Structure Fédérative Toulousaine en Chimie Moléculaire, FR 2599, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12080 Castellón, Spain, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France, and Structure Fédérative Toulousaine en Chimie Moléculaire, FR 2599, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
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355
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Tsui E, Müller P, Sadighi J. Reactions of a Stable Monomeric Gold(I) Hydride Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8937-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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356
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Tsui E, Müller P, Sadighi J. Reactions of a Stable Monomeric Gold(I) Hydride Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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357
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Bartolomé C, Ramiro Z, Pérez-Galán P, Bour C, Raducan M, Echavarren AM, Espinet P. Gold(I) Complexes with Hydrogen-Bond Supported Heterocyclic Carbenes as Active Catalysts in Reactions of 1,6-Enynes. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:11391-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ic801446v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camino Bartolomé
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain, and Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Zoraida Ramiro
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain, and Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-Galán
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain, and Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Christophe Bour
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain, and Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mihai Raducan
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain, and Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain, and Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain, and Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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358
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Sanz R, Miguel D, Rodríguez F. Gold(I)-catalyzed tandem reactions initiated by 1,2-indole migrations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:7354-7. [PMID: 18688889 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sanz
- Area de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
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359
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Sanz R, Miguel D, Rodríguez F. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Tandem Reactions Initiated by 1,2-Indole Migrations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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360
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Amijs CHM, López-Carrillo V, Raducan M, Pérez-Galán P, Ferrer C, Echavarren AM. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Intermolecular Addition of Carbon Nucleophiles to 1,5- and 1,6-Enynes. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7721-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8014769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catelijne H. M. Amijs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Verónica López-Carrillo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mihai Raducan
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-Galán
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Catalina Ferrer
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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361
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Díaz-Requejo MM, Pérez PJ. Coinage Metal Catalyzed C−H Bond Functionalization of Hydrocarbons. Chem Rev 2008; 108:3379-94. [DOI: 10.1021/cr078364y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 657] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mar Díaz-Requejo
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen 21007-Huelva, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Pérez
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen 21007-Huelva, Spain
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362
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Jiménez-Núñez E, Echavarren AM. Gold-catalyzed cycloisomerizations of enynes: a mechanistic perspective. Chem Rev 2008; 108:3326-50. [PMID: 18636778 DOI: 10.1021/cr0684319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1812] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Jiménez-Núñez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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363
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Krishnamurthy D, Karver MR, Fiorillo E, Orrú V, Stanford SM, Bottini N, Barrios AM. Gold(I)-Mediated Inhibition of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases: A Detailed in Vitro and Cellular Study. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4790-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800101w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Krishnamurthy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and USC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Mark R. Karver
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and USC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and USC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Valeria Orrú
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and USC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Stephanie M. Stanford
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and USC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and USC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Amy M. Barrios
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and USC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
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364
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Raubenheimer HG, Cronje S. Carbene complexes of gold: preparation, medical application and bonding. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:1998-2011. [PMID: 18762843 DOI: 10.1039/b708636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New preparative methods for gold carbene complexes have been developed and older ones modified to prepare compounds with specific inherent properties for targeted applications. One of the important areas of application that has grown rapidly and wherein carbene complexes are increasingly significant falls within the field of medicine. Sophisticated theoretical calculations have accompanied many synthetic studies. These aspects are covered in this critical review (65 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helgard G Raubenheimer
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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365
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366
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Frey GD, Dewhurst RD, Kousar S, Donnadieu B, Bertrand G. Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Gold(I) complexes: A Synthetic and Structural Investigation. J Organomet Chem 2008; 693:1674-1682. [PMID: 19343084 PMCID: PMC2394856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of mono- and dicarbene gold(I) complexes of types Au(CAAC)(Cl) [CAAC = cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene] (1) and [Au(CAAC)(2)](+)[X](-) (X = Cl, AuCl(2)) (2) have been prepared through reaction of AuCl(SMe(2)) with free carbenes a-e, and structurally characterized by single X-ray diffraction studies (1a, 1b, 2d, 2e). In addition two new free cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (c and e) have been synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido D Frey
- UCR-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 2957), Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0403 (USA)
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367
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Yamashita M, Nozaki K. Boryllithium: A novel boron nucleophile and its application in the synthesis of borylmetal complexes. PURE APPL CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1351/pac200880051187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The first boryl anion, boryllithium, was synthesized by a reduction of bromoborane precursor using lithium naphthalenide in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent at -45 °C. Structural and spectroscopic study revealed an ionic character of B-Li bond. Boryllithium could be utilized as a source of boryl ligand in the transition-metal chemistry. Structural and spectroscopic features of the resulting boryl complexes confirmed the large trans influence of boryl ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yamashita
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering,The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering,The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan
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368
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Hayes JM, Viciano M, Peris E, Ujaque G, Lledós A. Mechanism of Formation of Silver N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Using Silver Oxide: A Theoretical Study. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om700898d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Hayes
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain, and Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Mónica Viciano
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain, and Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain, and Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Gregori Ujaque
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain, and Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain, and Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
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369
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Segawa Y, Yamashita M, Nozaki K. Boryl Anion Attacks Transition-Metal Chlorides To Form Boryl Complexes: Syntheses, Spectroscopic, and Structural Studies on Group 11 Borylmetal Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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370
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Segawa Y, Yamashita M, Nozaki K. Boryl Anion Attacks Transition-Metal Chlorides To Form Boryl Complexes: Syntheses, Spectroscopic, and Structural Studies on Group 11 Borylmetal Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:6710-3. [PMID: 17665408 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Segawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan
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371
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Gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene based initiators for bulk ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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372
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Marion N, Carlqvist P, Gealageas R, de Frémont P, Maseras F, Nolan SP. [(NHC)AuI]-Catalyzed Formation of Conjugated Enones and Enals: An Experimental and Computational Study. Chemistry 2007; 13:6437-51. [PMID: 17530724 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The [(NHC)AuI]-catalyzed (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene) formation of alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (enones and enals) from propargylic acetates is described. The reactions occur at 60 degrees C in 8 h in the presence of an equimolar mixture of [(NHC)AuCl] and AgSbF6 and produce conjugated enones and enals in high yields. Optimization studies revealed that the reaction is sensitive to the solvent, the NHC, and, to a lesser extent, to the silver salt employed, leading to the use of [(ItBu)AuCl]/AgSbF6 in THF as an efficient catalytic system. This transformation proved to have a broad scope, enabling the stereoselective formation of (E)-enones and -enals with great structural diversity. The effect of substitution at the propargylic and acetylenic positions has been investigated, as well as the effect of aryl substitution on the formation of cinnamyl ketones. The presence or absence of water in the reaction mixture was found to be crucial. From the same phenylpropargyl acetates, anhydrous conditions led to the formation of indene compounds via a tandem [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement/intramolecular hydroarylation process, whereas simply adding water to the reaction mixture produced enone derivatives cleanly. Several mechanistic hypotheses, including the hydrolysis of an allenol ester intermediate and SN2' addition of water, were examined to gain an insight into this transformation. Mechanistic investigations and computational studies support [(NHC)AuOH], produced in situ from [(NHC)AuSbF6] and H2O, instead of cationic [(NHC)AuSbF6] as the catalytically active species. Based on DFT calculations performed at the B3LYP level of theory, a full catalytic cycle featuring an unprecedented transfer of the OH moiety bound to the gold center to the C[triple chemical bond]C bond leading to the formation of a gold-allenolate is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Marion
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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373
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Ferrer C, Raducan M, Nevado C, Claverie CK, Echavarren AM. Missing cyclization pathways and new rearrangements unveiled in the gold(I) and platinum(II)-catalyzed cyclization of 1,6-enynes. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.02.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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374
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Liu XY, Ding P, Huang JS, Che CM. Synthesis of substituted 1,2-dihydroquinolines and quinolines from aromatic amines and alkynes by gold(I)-catalyzed tandem hydroamination-hydroarylation under microwave-assisted conditions. Org Lett 2007; 9:2645-8. [PMID: 17564458 DOI: 10.1021/ol070814l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A method to efficiently prepare substituted 1,2-dihydroquinolines and quinolines by Au(I)-catalyzed tandem hydroamination-hydroarylation under microwave irradiation was developed. This method requires short reaction time (10-70 min) and has a broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Open Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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375
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Green SP, Jones C, Mills DP, Stasch A. Group 9 and 11 Metal(I) Gallyl Complexes Stabilized by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Coordination: First Structural Characterization of Ga−M (M = Cu or Ag) Bonds. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om700345m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun P. Green
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia, and School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia, and School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - David P. Mills
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia, and School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Andreas Stasch
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia, and School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
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376
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Witham CA, Mauleón P, Shapiro ND, Sherry BD, Toste FD. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Oxidative Rearrangements. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:5838-9. [PMID: 17432862 DOI: 10.1021/ja071231+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cole A Witham
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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377
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Abstract
Transition-metal catalysts containing gold present new opportunities for chemical synthesis, and it is therefore not surprising that these complexes are beginning to capture the attention of the chemical community. Cationic phosphine-gold(i) complexes are especially versatile and selective catalysts for a growing number of synthetic transformations. The reactivity of these species can be understood in the context of theoretical studies on gold; relativistic effects are especially helpful in rationalizing the reaction manifolds available to gold catalysts. This Review draws on experimental and computational data to present our current understanding of homogeneous gold catalysis, focusing on previously unexplored reactivity and its application to the development of new methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Gorin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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378
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Zhou Y, Chen W. Synthesis and Characterization of Square-Planar Tetranuclear Silver and Gold Clusters Supported by a Pyrazole-Linked Bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) Ligand. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om070104j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Xixi Campus, Hangzhou 310028, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanzhi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Xixi Campus, Hangzhou 310028, People's Republic of China
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379
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380
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Amijs CHM, Ferrer C, Echavarren AM. Gold(i)-catalysed arylation of 1,6-enynes: different site reactivity of cyclopropyl gold carbenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:698-700. [PMID: 17392954 DOI: 10.1039/b615335f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold(I)-catalysed addition of electron-rich arenes and heteroarenes to 1,6-enynes gives two different types of products by reaction of the intermediate cyclopropyl gold carbenes at the cyclopropane or at the carbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catelijne H M Amijs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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381
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Clavier H, Nolan SP. N-Heterocyclic carbenes: advances in transition metal-mediated transformations and organocatalysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b614412h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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382
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Blue ED, Gunnoe TB, Petersen JL, Boyle PD. Protonation of N-heterocyclic carbene ligand coordinated to copper(I): Coordination mode of imidazolium cation as a function of counterion as determined by solid-state structures. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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383
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Jiménez-Núñez E, Echavarren AM. Molecular diversity through gold catalysis with alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:333-46. [PMID: 17220965 DOI: 10.1039/b612008c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 767] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this feature article we cover most recent efforts in gold-catalysed transformations, highlighting the wide molecular diversity that can be achieved, in particular with regard to the formation of C-C bonds. Mechanistic interpretations of some cyclisations are based on our own work on the skeletal rearrangement of 1,6-enynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Jiménez-Núñez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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384
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Bender CF, Widenhoefer RA. Room Temperature Hydroamination of N-Alkenyl Ureas Catalyzed by a Gold(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex. Org Lett 2006; 8:5303-5. [PMID: 17078703 DOI: 10.1021/ol062107i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
[Structure: see text] Treatment of an N-4-pentenyl or N-5-hexenyl urea with a catalytic 1:1 mixture of a gold(I) N,N-diaryl imidazol-2-ylidine complex and AgOTf at or near room temperature leads to intramolecular exo-hydroamination to form the corresponding nitrogen heterocycle in excellent yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Bender
- P. M. Gross Chemical Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346
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385
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386
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López S, Herrero-Gómez E, Pérez-Galán P, Nieto-Oberhuber C, Echavarren AM. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Intermolecular Cyclopropanation of Enynes with Alkenes: Trapping of Two Different Gold Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200602448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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387
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López S, Herrero-Gómez E, Pérez-Galán P, Nieto-Oberhuber C, Echavarren AM. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Intermolecular Cyclopropanation of Enynes with Alkenes: Trapping of Two Different Gold Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:6029-32. [PMID: 16900550 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salomé López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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388
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Ray L, Katiyar V, Raihan MJ, Nanavati H, Shaikh MM, Ghosh P. First Example of a Gold(I)N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Based Initiator for the Bulk Ring-Opening Polymerization ofL-Lactide. Eur J Inorg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200600407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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389
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Holtgrewe C, Diedrich C, Pape T, Grimme S, Hahn FE. Rearrangement of Electron-RichN-Allyldibenzotetraazafulvalenes –An Experimental and Theoretical Study. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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390
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Marion N, Díez-González S, de Frémont P, Noble AR, Nolan SP. AuI-Catalyzed Tandem [3,3] Rearrangement–Intramolecular Hydroarylation: Mild and Efficient Formation of Substituted Indenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:3647-50. [PMID: 16639751 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200600571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Marion
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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391
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Marion N, Díez-González S, de Frémont P, Noble AR, Nolan SP. AuI-Catalyzed Tandem [3,3] Rearrangement–Intramolecular Hydroarylation: Mild and Efficient Formation of Substituted Indenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200600571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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392
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Fructos MR, de Frémont P, Nolan SP, Díaz-Requejo MM, Pérez PJ. Alkane Carbon−Hydrogen Bond Functionalization with (NHC)MCl Precatalysts (M = Cu, Au; NHC = N-Heterocyclic Carbene). Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om0507474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel R. Fructos
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen 21007-Huelva, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148
| | - Pierre de Frémont
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen 21007-Huelva, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen 21007-Huelva, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148
| | - M. Mar Díaz-Requejo
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen 21007-Huelva, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148
| | - Pedro J. Pérez
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen 21007-Huelva, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148
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393
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Nieto-Oberhuber C, Muñoz MP, López S, Jiménez-Núñez E, Nevado C, Herrero-Gómez E, Raducan M, Echavarren AM. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cyclizations of 1,6-Enynes: Alkoxycyclizations andexo/endo Skeletal Rearrangements. Chemistry 2006; 12:1677-93. [PMID: 16358351 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gold(I) complexes are the most active catalysts for alkoxy- or hydroxycyclization and for skeletal rearrangement reactions of 1,6-enynes. Intramolecular alkoxycyclizations also proceed efficiently in the presence of gold(I) catalysts. The first examples of the skeletal rearrangement of enynes by the endocyclic cyclization pathway are also documented. Iron(III) is also able to catalyze exo and endo skeletal rearrangements of 1,6-enynes, although the scope of this transformation is more limited. The gold(I)-catalyzed endocyclic cyclization proceeds by a mechanism different from those followed in the presence of PdII, HgII, or RhI catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nieto-Oberhuber
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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394
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Nieto-Oberhuber C, López S, Muñoz MP, Jiménez-Núñez E, Buñuel E, Cárdenas DJ, Echavarren AM. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclopropanation of Dienynes. Chemistry 2006; 12:1694-702. [PMID: 16358352 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gold(I) complexes are the most active catalysts for the biscyclopropanation of dienynes to form tetracyclic compounds. PtII and ZnII are also able to promote the biscyclopropanation, although less efficiently. The configurations obtained in all cases with the use of gold(I) catalysts can be explained by the pathway proceeding through anti cyclopropyl gold carbenes. Similar intermediates are most probably involved in reactions catalyzed by RuII and PtII. Two different cyclopropanation pathways have been found; they depend on the structures of the cyclopropyl gold carbenes (anti or syn) and the relative arrangements of the metal carbenes and the alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nieto-Oberhuber
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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395
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Garrison JC, Youngs WJ. Ag(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: synthesis, structure, and application. Chem Rev 2006; 105:3978-4008. [PMID: 16277368 DOI: 10.1021/cr050004s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 896] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jered C Garrison
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, USA
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396
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Baker MV, Barnard PJ, Berners-Price SJ, Brayshaw SK, Hickey JL, Skelton BW, White AH. Cationic, linear Au(i) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: synthesis, structure and anti-mitochondrial activity. Dalton Trans 2006:3708-15. [PMID: 16865184 DOI: 10.1039/b602560a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Six linear, two-coordinate cationic Au(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of the form [(R2Im)2Au]+ (R = Me 1, Me, Et 2, i-Pr 3, n-Bu 4, t-Bu 5 and Cy 6) have been prepared by the reaction of two equivalents of the appropriate dialkylimidazol-2-ylidene (R2Im) with (Me2S)AuCl in dmf. Single crystal structural studies for 1.PF6, 2.PF6), 3.Cl and 4-6.PF6 show that for all six complexes the gold(I) centres have quasi-linear C-Au-C coordination, with quasi-parallel pairs of aromatic imidazole planes, except in 5.PF6 where they are quasi-normal; in the latter, Au-C are 2.038(3), 2.033(3) A, cf. (e.g.) 2.027(2) A. Inter-cation Au...Au are close at 3.487(2), 3.525(2) A in 1PF6 and 2.PF6. The structural studies and low temperature NMR experiments provide no supportive evidence for the presence of pi back-bonding within this series of complexes. The lipophilicities of the six compounds, as estimated from the logarithm of the n-octanol-water partition coefficients (log P), varied across the series within the range -1.09 to 1.73. To investigate their potential as possible anti-mitochondrial anti-tumour agents, five of the compounds have been evaluated for their propensities to induce mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) in isolated rat liver mitochondria. At concentrations between 1-10 microM compounds 1.Br and 3-6.Cl induced dose-dependent, Ca2+-sensitive mitochondrial swelling at rates that increased with the lipophilicities of the complexes, with the most lipophilic compounds inducing the most rapid onset of swelling. The swelling was completely inhibited by cyclosporin A, the specific inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray V Baker
- Chemistry M313, School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, Chemistry M313, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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397
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de Frémont P, Stevens ED, Fructos MR, Mar Díaz-Requejo M, Pérez PJ, Nolan SP. Synthesis, isolation and characterization of cationic gold(i) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:2045-7. [PMID: 16767270 DOI: 10.1039/b601547f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A number of cationic gold(I) complexes have been synthesized and found to be stabilized by the use of N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. These species are often employed as in situ-generated reactive intermediates in gold catalyzed organic transformations. An isolated, well-defined species was tested in gold-mediated carbene transfer reactions from ethyl diazoacetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre de Frémont
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, USA
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398
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Boydston AJ, Bielawski CW. Bis(imidazolylidene)s as modular building blocks for monomeric and macromolecular organometallic materials. Dalton Trans 2006:4073-7. [PMID: 16924285 DOI: 10.1039/b607696n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic and structural progression surrounding N-heterocyclic carbenes has given rise to great functional and architectural diversity in organometallic chemistry, catalysis, and materials science. The development of new, modular scaffolds for bridging transition metals is essential in order to expand the boundaries of these scientific areas. This Frontier article summarizes recent advances in the synthesis and study of ditopic ligands displaying two linearly opposed carbene moieties and emphasizes their versatility in the preparation of new organometallic and macromolecular materials. The conclusion previews their utility in conjugated organic/inorganic hybrid materials with potential applications in the emerging fields of molecular- and nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Boydston
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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399
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Marion N, de Frémont P, Lemière G, Stevens ED, Fensterbank L, Malacria M, Nolan SP. AuI-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,5-enynes bearing a propargylic acetate: formation of unexpected bicyclo[3.1.0]hexene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:2048-50. [PMID: 16767271 DOI: 10.1039/b602839j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) as a ligand in the gold(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of enyne results in the assembly of a new carbocyclic product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Marion
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, USA
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400
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Scarborough CC, Popp BV, Guzei IA, Stahl SS. Development of 7-membered N-heterocyclic carbene ligands for transition metals. J Organomet Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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