351
|
López-Contreras AJ, Gutierrez-Martinez P, Specks J, Rodrigo-Perez S, Fernandez-Capetillo O. An extra allele of Chk1 limits oncogene-induced replicative stress and promotes transformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:455-61. [PMID: 22370720 PMCID: PMC3302228 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20112147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protection from replicative stress conferred by Chk1 promotes transformation. Replicative stress (RS) is a type of endogenous DNA damage that cells suffer every time they duplicate their genomes, and which is further boosted by oncogenes. In mammals, the RS response (RSR) is coordinated by ATR and Chk1 kinases. We sought to develop a mammalian organism that is selectively protected from RS. To this end, mice carrying an extra copy of the Chk1 gene were generated. In vitro, Chk1 transgenic cells are protected from RS-inducing agents. Moreover, an extra Chk1 allele prolongs the survival of ATR-Seckel mice, which suffer from high levels of RS, but not that of ATM-deficient mice, which accumulate DNA breaks. Surprisingly, increased Chk1 levels favor transformation, which we show is associated with a reduction in the levels of RS induced by oncogenes. Our study provides the first example where supra-physiological levels of a tumor suppressor can promote malignant transformation, which is a result of the protection from the RS found in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andres J López-Contreras
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
352
|
Ntziachristos P, Tsirigos A, Van Vlierberghe P, Nedjic J, Trimarchi T, Flaherty MS, Ferres-Marco D, da Ros V, Tang Z, Siegle J, Asp P, Hadler M, Rigo I, De Keersmaecker K, Patel J, Huynh T, Utro F, Poglio S, Samon JB, Paietta E, Racevskis J, Rowe JM, Rabadan R, Levine RL, Brown S, Pflumio F, Dominguez M, Ferrando A, Aifantis I. Genetic inactivation of the polycomb repressive complex 2 in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Med 2012; 18:298-301. [PMID: 22237151 PMCID: PMC3274628 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an immature hematopoietic malignancy driven mainly by oncogenic activation of NOTCH1 signaling1. In this study we report the presence of loss-of-function mutations and deletions of EZH2 and SUZ12 genes, encoding critical components of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) complex2,3, in 25% of T-ALLs. To further study the role of the PRC2 complex in T-ALL, we used NOTCH1-induced animal models of the disease, as well as human T-ALL samples, and combined locus-specific and global analysis of NOTCH1-driven epigenetic changes. These studies demonstrated that activation of NOTCH1 specifically induces loss of the repressive mark lysine-27 tri-methylation of histone 3 (H3K27me3)4 by antagonizing the activity of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) complex. These studies demonstrate a tumor suppressor role for the PRC2 complex in human leukemia and suggest a hitherto unrecognized dynamic interplay between oncogenic NOTCH1 and PRC2 function for the regulation of gene expression and cell transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Ntziachristos
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
353
|
Scholtysik R, Nagel I, Kreuz M, Vater I, Giefing M, Schwaenen C, Wessendorf S, Trümper L, Loeffler M, Siebert R, Küppers R. Recurrent deletions of the TNFSF7 and TNFSF9 genes in 19p13.3 in diffuse large B-cell and Burkitt lymphomas. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:E830-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
354
|
Deng B, Melnik S, Cook PR. Transcription factories, chromatin loops, and the dysregulation of gene expression in malignancy. Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 23:65-71. [PMID: 22285981 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pathologists recognize and classify cancers according to nuclear morphology, but there remains little scientific explanation of why malignant nuclei possess their characteristic features, or how those features are related to dysregulated function. This essay will discuss a basic structure-function axis that connects one central architectural motif in the nucleus-the chromatin loop-to the vital nuclear function of transcription. The loop is attached to a "transcription factory" through components of the transcription machinery (either polymerases or transcriptional activators/repressors), and the position of a gene within a loop determines how often that gene is transcribed. Then, dysregulated transcription is tightly coupled to alterations in structure, and vice versa. We also speculate on how the experimental approaches being used to analyze loops and factories might be applied to study the problems of tumour initiation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binwei Deng
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
355
|
|
356
|
Roberts NJ, Jiao Y, Yu J, Kopelovich L, Petersen GM, Bondy M, Gallinger S, Schwartz AG, Syngal S, Cote ML, Axilbund J, Schulick R, Ali SZ, Eshleman JR, Velculescu V, Goggins M, Vogelstein B, Papadopoulous N, Hruban RH, Kinzler KW, Klein AP. ATM mutations in patients with hereditary pancreatic cancer. Cancer Discov 2012; 2:41-6. [PMID: 22585167 PMCID: PMC3676748 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-11-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pancreatic cancers are the fourth most-common cause of cancer-related deaths in the Western world, with >200,000 cases reported in 2010. Although up to 10% of these cases occur in familial patterns, the hereditary basis for predisposition in the vast majority of affected families is unknown. We used next-generation sequencing, including whole-genome and whole-exome analyses, and identified heterozygous, constitutional, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene mutations in 2 kindreds with familial pancreatic cancer. Mutations segregated with disease in both kindreds and tumor analysis demonstrated LOH of the wild-type allele. By using sequence analysis of an additional 166 familial pancreatic cancer probands, we identified 4 additional patients with deleterious mutations in the ATM gene, whereas we identified no deleterious mutations in 190 spouse controls (P = 0.046). When we considered only the mostly severely affected families with 3 or more pancreatic cancer cases, 4 deleterious mutations were found in 87 families (P = 0.009). Our results indicate that inherited ATM mutations play an important role in familial pancreatic cancer predisposition. SIGNIFICANCE The genes responsible for the majority of cases of familial pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are unknown. We here identify ATM as a predisposition gene for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Our results have important implications for the management of patients in affected families and illustrate the power of genome-wide sequencing to identify the basis of familial cancer syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Roberts
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuchen Jiao
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Levy Kopelovich
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Melissa Bondy
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Hepatobiliary/pancreatic Surgical Oncology Program, University Health Network, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann G. Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sapna Syngal
- Population Sciences Division, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michele L. Cote
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer Axilbund
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard Schulick
- Department of Surgery, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Syed Z. Ali
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James R. Eshleman
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Victor Velculescu
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Goggins
- Department of Medicine, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Oncology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nikolas Papadopoulous
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ralph H. Hruban
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Oncology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth W. Kinzler
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison P. Klein
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Oncology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
357
|
Leslie NR, Dixon MJ, Schenning M, Gray A, Batty IH. Distinct inactivation of PI3K signalling by PTEN and 5-phosphatases. Adv Biol Regul 2012; 52:205-213. [PMID: 21930147 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick R Leslie
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
358
|
Luo D, Zhao GF, Lu ML, Huang H, Chang J, Zheng MY, Gastroenterology DO, University TSAHOKM, 650101 K, Province Y, China. Association of CHD5 and KLF5 expression with prognosis in gastric carcinoma Deng Luo, Gong-Fang Zhao, Ming-Liang Lu, Hua Huang, Jiang Chang, Meng-Yao Zheng. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:3603-3609. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i35.3603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 5 (CHD5) and Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) in gastric cancer, and to evaluate whether CHD5 and KLF5 can be used as prognostic markers in gastric cancer.
METHODS: Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to detect the expression of CHD5 and KLF5 proteins in 208 surgical specimens of gastric cancer and 68 noncancerous gastric tissue specimens. The association of CHD5 and KLF5 expression in gastric cancer with the survival time of patients was retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS: Reduced expression of CHD5 and KLF5 frequently occurred in gastric cancer. The positive rates of CHD5 and KLF5 expression in gastric cancer were 29.33% (61/208) and 38.46% (80/208), respectively. CHD5 expression was correlated with age, histologic differentiation, depth of invasion, regional lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM stage (all P < 0.05). KLF5 expression was correlated with histologic differentiation, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM stage (all P < 0.05). Further multivariate analysis revealed that patient's gender, tumor location, histologic differentiation, distant metastasis, TNM stage, and expression of CHD5 and KLF5 were independent prognostic factors in patients with gastric cancer. The Kaplan-Meier plot showed that the median survival was 21.00 ± 1.36 months in patients with negative expression of CHD5 and 20.00 ± 1.54 months in those with negative expression of KLF5. The median survival time was 55.00 ± 6.97 months in patients with positive CHD5 expression and 45.00±3.27 months in patients with positive KLF5 expression. The cumulative 1- and 3-year survival rates were significantly lower in patients with negative expression of CHD5 and KLF5 than in those with positive expression of these two proteins.
CONCLUSION: Reduced expression of CHD5 and KLF5 in gastric cancer is associated with tumor metastasis and poor survival. Ectopic expression of CHD5 and KLF5 proteins may play an important role in the tumorigenesis and progression of gastric carcinoma.
Collapse
|
359
|
Tay Y, Kats L, Salmena L, Weiss D, Tan SM, Ala U, Karreth F, Poliseno L, Provero P, Di Cunto F, Lieberman J, Rigoutsos I, Pandolfi PP. Coding-independent regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by competing endogenous mRNAs. Cell 2011; 147:344-57. [PMID: 22000013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 818] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate that protein-coding RNA transcripts can crosstalk by competing for common microRNAs, with microRNA response elements as the foundation of this interaction. We have termed such RNA transcripts as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). We tested this hypothesis in the context of PTEN, a key tumor suppressor whose abundance determines critical outcomes in tumorigenesis. By a combined computational and experimental approach, we identified and validated endogenous protein-coding transcripts that regulate PTEN, antagonize PI3K/AKT signaling, and possess growth- and tumor-suppressive properties. Notably, we also show that these genes display concordant expression patterns with PTEN and copy number loss in cancers. Our study presents a road map for the prediction and validation of ceRNA activity and networks and thus imparts a trans-regulatory function to protein-coding mRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Tay
- Cancer Genetics Program, Division of Genetics, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
360
|
Zhao M, Vuori K. The docking protein p130Cas regulates cell sensitivity to proteasome inhibition. BMC Biol 2011; 9:73. [PMID: 22034875 PMCID: PMC3215977 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-9-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The focal adhesion protein p130Cas (Cas) activates multiple intracellular signaling pathways upon integrin or growth factor receptor ligation. Full-length Cas frequently promotes cell survival and migration, while its C-terminal fragment (Cas-CT) produced upon intracellular proteolysis is known to induce apoptosis in some circumstances. Here, we have studied the putative role of Cas in regulating cell survival and death pathways upon proteasome inhibition. RESULTS We found that Cas-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), as well as empty vector-transfected Cas-/- MEFs (Cas-/- (EV)) are significantly resistant to cell death induced by proteasome inhibitors, such as MG132 and Bortezomib. As expected, wild-type MEFs (WT) and Cas-/- MEFs reconstituted with full-length Cas (Cas-FL) were sensitive to MG132- and Bortezomib-induced apoptosis that involved activation of a caspase-cascade, including Caspase-8. Cas-CT generation was not required for MG132-induced cell death, since expression of cleavage-resistant Cas mutants effectively increased sensitivity of Cas-/- MEFs to MG132. At the present time, the domains in Cas and the downstream pathways that are required for mediating cell death induced by proteasome inhibitors remain unknown. Interestingly, however, MG132 or Bortezomib treatment resulted in activation of autophagy in cells that lacked Cas, but not in cells that expressed Cas. Furthermore, autophagy was found to play a protective role in Cas-deficient cells, as inhibition of autophagy either by chemical or genetic means enhanced MG132-induced apoptosis in Cas-/- (EV) cells, but not in Cas-FL cells. Lack of Cas also contributed to resistance to the DNA-damaging agent Doxorubicin, which coincided with Doxorubicin-induced autophagy in Cas-/- (EV) cells. Thus, Cas may have a regulatory role in cell death signaling in response to multiple different stimuli. The mechanisms by which Cas inhibits induction of autophagy and affects cell death pathways are currently being investigated. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that Cas is required for apoptosis that is induced by proteasome inhibition, and potentially by other death stimuli. We additionally show that Cas may promote such apoptosis, at least partially, by inhibiting autophagy. This is the first demonstration of Cas being involved in the regulation of autophagy, adding to the previous findings by others linking focal adhesion components to the process of autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N, Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
361
|
Vincenzi B, Napolitano A, D'Onofrio L, Frezza AM, Silletta M, Venditti O, Santini D, Tonini G. Targeted therapy in sarcomas: mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors from bench to bedside. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2011; 20:1685-705. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2011.628984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vincenzi
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Medical Oncology, via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Napolitano
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Medical Oncology, via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome, Italy
| | - Loretta D'Onofrio
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Medical Oncology, via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Frezza
- University Campus Biomedico, Via Emilio Longoni 69, 155, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Silletta
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Medical Oncology, via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Venditti
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Medical Oncology, via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- University Campus Biomedico, Via Emilio Longoni 69, 155, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- University Campus Biomedico, Via Emilio Longoni 69, 155, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
362
|
2011, année du 40e anniversaire du modèle « à deux coups » de Knudson : extension du concept des gènes suppresseurs de tumeurs (GST). Bull Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1684/bdc.2011.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|