351
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Lauritsen JV, Jensen MCR, Venkataramani K, Hinnemann B, Helveg S, Clausen BS, Besenbacher F. Atomic-scale structure and stability of the square root(31) x square root(31)R9 degrees surface of Al2O3(0001). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:076103. [PMID: 19792664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.076103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Through the interplay of noncontact atomic force microscopy studies and density functional theory calculations, an atomistic model for the Al2O3(0001)-square root(31) x square root(31)R9 degrees surface reconstruction is revealed. The surface is found to consist of an Al adlayer on the Al2O3 substrate, and the driving force for the formation of the reconstruction is related to a detailed balance between strain in the adlayer and the preference for Al atoms to be located on distinct substrate sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Lauritsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Denmark.
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352
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Wang Y, Ge X, Manzano C, Kröger J, Berndt R, Hofer WA, Tang H, Cerda J. Supramolecular Patterns Controlled by Electron Interference and Direct Intermolecular Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:10400-2. [DOI: 10.1021/ja903506s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Wang
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, D-24098 Kiel, Germany, Surface Science Research Center, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom, Centre d’Elaboration de Mat’eriaux et d’Etudes Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France, and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xin Ge
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, D-24098 Kiel, Germany, Surface Science Research Center, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom, Centre d’Elaboration de Mat’eriaux et d’Etudes Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France, and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Manzano
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, D-24098 Kiel, Germany, Surface Science Research Center, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom, Centre d’Elaboration de Mat’eriaux et d’Etudes Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France, and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jörg Kröger
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, D-24098 Kiel, Germany, Surface Science Research Center, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom, Centre d’Elaboration de Mat’eriaux et d’Etudes Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France, and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, D-24098 Kiel, Germany, Surface Science Research Center, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom, Centre d’Elaboration de Mat’eriaux et d’Etudes Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France, and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Werner A. Hofer
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, D-24098 Kiel, Germany, Surface Science Research Center, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom, Centre d’Elaboration de Mat’eriaux et d’Etudes Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France, and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hao Tang
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, D-24098 Kiel, Germany, Surface Science Research Center, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom, Centre d’Elaboration de Mat’eriaux et d’Etudes Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France, and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Cerda
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, D-24098 Kiel, Germany, Surface Science Research Center, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom, Centre d’Elaboration de Mat’eriaux et d’Etudes Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France, and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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353
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Anderson BM, Hurst SK. Platinum Stacking Interactions in Homoleptic Platinum Polymers. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard M. Anderson
- Mathematics and Science Division, Nashville State Technical Community College, Nashville, Tennessee, 37209, USA
| | - Stephanie K. Hurst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA, Fax: +1‐928‐523‐8111
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354
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Preobrajenski AB, Ng ML, Vinogradov NA, Vinogradov AS, Lundgren E, Mikkelsen A, Mårtensson N. Impact of oxygen coadsorption on intercalation of cobalt under the h-BN nanomesh. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:2780-2787. [PMID: 19492822 DOI: 10.1021/nl901316p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The process of penetration of cobalt atoms through the h-BN nanomesh on Rh(111) is investigated with both spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. It is discovered that oxygen coadsorption can drastically modify the physical properties and behavior of the deposited Co clusters upon postannealing. In the absence of oxygen, Co forms small nanoparticles in the pores (bonding parts) of the h-BN nanomesh, which start to agglomerate at elevated temperatures without any considerable intercalation. However, even a tiny amount of coadsorbed oxygen reduces cobalt agglomeration and greatly promotes its intercalation and trapping under h-BN. The oxygen exposure necessary for a complete intercalation of 1-2 monolayers of Co is very low, and the formation of oxidic species can be easily avoided. The nanomesh structure remains intact upon intercalating submonolayer amounts of Co, while further intercalation gradually distorts and finally destroys the periodic corrugation. Fortunately, this process is not accompanied by damaging the h-BN sheet itself, and the original structure can be restored by removing Co upon annealing at higher temperatures.
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355
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Meyer JC, Chuvilin A, Algara-Siller G, Biskupek J, Kaiser U. Selective sputtering and atomic resolution imaging of atomically thin boron nitride membranes. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:2683-2689. [PMID: 19480400 DOI: 10.1021/nl9011497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on the preparation, atomic resolution imaging, and element selective damage mechanism in atomically thin boron nitride membranes. Flakes of less than 10 layers are prepared by mechanical cleavage and are thinned down to single layers in a high-energy electron beam. At our beam energies, we observe a highly selective sputtering of only one of the elements and predominantly at the exit surface of the specimen, and then subsequent removal of atoms next to a defect. Triangle-shaped holes appear in accordance with the crystallographic orientation of each layer. Defects are compared to those observed in graphene membranes. The observation of clean single-layer membranes shows that hexagonal boron nitride is a further material (in addition to graphene) that can exist in a quasi-two-dimensional allotrope without the need for a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik C Meyer
- Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany.
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356
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Venkataramanan NS, Khazaei M, Sahara R, Mizuseki H, Kawazoe Y. First-principles study of hydrogen storage over Ni and Rh doped BN sheets. Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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357
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Shen YT, Guan L, Zhu XY, Zeng QD, Wang C. Submolecular Observation of Photosensitive Macrocycles and Their Isomerization Effects on Host−Guest Network. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:6174-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ja808434n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Tao Shen
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li Guan
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhu
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Dao Zeng
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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358
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Laskowski R, Gallauner T, Blaha P, Schwarz K. Density functional theory simulations of B K and N K NEXAFS spectra of h-BN/transition metal(111) interfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:104210. [PMID: 21817430 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/10/104210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structure and the corresponding B K and N K near-edge x-ray fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra of epitaxially grown h-BN on Ni(111), Pt(111), and Rh(111) surfaces are investigated by density functional theory. The calculations are carried out using the WIEN2k program package applying the augmented-plane-wave+local orbitals (APW+lo) method. The NEXAFS spectra are simulated using a 3 × 3 × 1 super cell and considering the final state rule by means of a (partial) core hole for the corresponding atom. The influence of a full or partial core hole is shown for the h-BN/Ni(111) system, for which the best agreement with the experimental spectra is found when half a core hole is assumed. All characteristic features of the experimental spectra are well reproduced by theory, including the angular dependences. The bonding effects are investigated by comparing the spectra of bulk h-BN with those of the h-BN/Ni(111) system. An analysis of both the density of states and charge densities reveals strong N-p(z)-Ni-d(z(2)) bonding/antibonding interactions. In the case of Pt(111) and Rh(111) surfaces, we discuss the effects of the nanomesh structures in terms of simple 1 × 1 commensurate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Laskowski
- Vienna University of Technology, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
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359
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Ma X, Li Y, Qiu X, Zhao K, Yang Y, Wang C. Two-dimensional rigid molecular network with elastic boundaries for constructing hybrid molecular assemblies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b818404f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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360
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Wang L, Xu L, Sun C, Qian Y. A general route for the convenient synthesis of crystalline hexagonal boron nitride micromesh at mild temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b817481d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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361
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Li M, Xu L, Sun C, Ju Z, Qian Y. Thermal-induced shape evolution from uniform triangular to hexagonal r-BN nanoplates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b912451a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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362
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Zwaneveld NAA, Pawlak R, Abel M, Catalin D, Gigmes D, Bertin D, Porte L. Organized formation of 2D extended covalent organic frameworks at surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:6678-9. [PMID: 18444643 DOI: 10.1021/ja800906f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of nanoscale masking for particle deposition is exceedingly important to push the future of nanoelectronics beyond the current limits of lithography. We present the first example of ordered hexagonal covalent nanoporous structures deposited in extended arrays of near monolayer coverage across a Ag(111) surface. The networks were formed from the deposition of the reagents from a heated molybdenum crucible between 370 and 460 K under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) onto a cleaned Ag(111) substrate and imaged using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Two surface covalent organic frameworks (SCOFs) are presented; the first is formed from the deposition of 1,4-benzenediboronic acid (BDBA) and its dehydration to form the boroxine-linked SCOF-1, the second is formed from the co-deposition of BDBA and 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) to form a dioxaborole-linked SCOF-2 network. The networks were found to produce nanoporous structures of 15 A for SCOF-1 and 29 A for SCOF-2, which agreed with theoretical pore sizes determined from DFT calculations. Both SCOFs were found to have exceptional thermal stability, maintaining their structure until approximately 750 K, which was found to be the polymer degradation temperature from thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas A A Zwaneveld
- Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Universités Aix-Marseille I, II, III-CNRS UMR 6264, Equipe CROPS, campus Saint Jérôme Case 542, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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363
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Hao S, Zhou G, Duan W, Wu J, Gu BL. Transverse Pressure Induced Phase Transitions in Boron Nitride Nanotube Bundles and the Lightest Boron Nitride Crystal. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:5257-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja7107678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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364
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Dil H, Lobo-Checa J, Laskowski R, Blaha P, Berner S, Osterwalder J, Greber T. Surface Trapping of Atoms and Molecules with Dipole Rings. Science 2008; 319:1824-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1154179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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365
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Zheng M, Liu Y, Gu Y, Xu Z. Synthesis and characterization of boron nitride sponges as a novel support for metal nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-008-0026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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366
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Laskowski R, Blaha P. Unraveling the structure of the h-BN/Rh(111) nanomesh with ab initio calculations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2008; 20:064207. [PMID: 21693869 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/20/6/064207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The properties of a single layer of h-BN on top of a Rh(111) surface are discussed in terms of an ab initio generated force field approach as well as by direct ab initio density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. A single-layer model for the h-BN/Rh(111) nanomesh, in contrast to a previously considered (incomplete) double-layer model of h-BN, can explain the experimental data. The main focus of this work is to compare a force field approach described earlier in (Laskowski et al 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 106802) with direct ab initio calculations. The calculated geometry of the h-BN layer is very similar to the structure predicted by the force field approach. The ab initio calculated density of states projected on N-p(x,y) of BN corresponding to 'low' and 'high' regions with respect to the Rh surface shows a 1 eV splitting and thus explains the observed σ-band splitting. Moreover, we find good agreement between calculated and experimental scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Laskowski
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
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367
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Zhang HL, Chen W, Huang H, Chen L, Wee ATS. Preferential Trapping of C60 in Nanomesh Voids. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:2720-1. [DOI: 10.1021/ja710009q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang Zhang
- Department of Physics and Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics and Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
| | - Han Huang
- Department of Physics and Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Physics and Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
| | - Andrew Thye Shen Wee
- Department of Physics and Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
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368
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Dinca V, Kasotakis E, Catherine J, Mourka A, Ranella A, Ovsianikov A, Chichkov BN, Farsari M, Mitraki A, Fotakis C. Directed three-dimensional patterning of self-assembled peptide fibrils. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:538-43. [PMID: 18154365 DOI: 10.1021/nl072798r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly is emerging as a viable "bottom-up" approach for fabricating nanostructures. Self-assembled biomolecular structures are particularly attractive, due to their versatile chemistry, molecular recognition properties, and biocompatibility. Among them, amyloid protein and peptide fibrils are self-assembled nanostructures with unique physical and chemical stability, formed from quite simple building blocks; their ability to work as a template for the fabrication of low resistance, conducting nanowires has already been demonstrated. The precise positioning of peptide-based nanostructures is an essential part of their use in technological applications, and their controlled assembly, positioning, and integration into microsystems is a problem of considerable current interest. To date, their positioning has been limited to their placement on flat surfaces or to the fabrication of peptide arrays. Here, we propose a new method for the precise, three-dimensional patterning of amyloid fibrils. The technique, which combines femtosecond laser technology and biotin-avidin mediated assembly on a polymeric matrix, can be applied in a wide variety of fields, from molecular electronics to tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Dinca
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 527, Vassilika Vouton, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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369
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Scott D, Toney M, Muzikár M. Harnessing the mechanism of glutathione reductase for synthesis of active site bound metallic nanoparticles and electrical connection to electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:865-74. [PMID: 18166048 DOI: 10.1021/ja074660g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is demonstrated herein that the FAD-dependent enzyme glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of AuCl4-, forming gold nanoparticles at the active site that are tightly bound through the catalytic cysteines. The nanoparticles can be removed from the GR active site with thiol reagents such as 2-mercaptoethanol. The deep enzyme active site cavity stabilizes very small metallic clusters and prevents them from aggregating in the absence of capping ligands. The behavior of the GR-nanoparticle complexes in solution, and their electrochemical properties when immobilized on graphite paper electrodes are presented. It is shown that the borohydride ion, a known reducing agent for GR, is catalytically oxidized by larger GR-nanoparticle (>or=150 gold atoms) complexes generating catalytic currents, whereas NADPH (the natural reducing agent for GR) is not. It is proposed that the surface of the Toray graphite paper electrode employed here interferes with NADPH binding to the GR-nanoparticle complex. The catalytic currents with borohydride begin at the potential of GR-bound FAD, showing that there is essentially zero resistance to electron transfer (i.e., zero overpotential) from GR-bound FAD through the gold nanoparticle to the electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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370
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Two-Dimensional Nanotemplates as Surface Cues for the Controlled Assembly of Organic Molecules. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2008; 285:203-67. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2008_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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371
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372
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Ariga K, Hill JP, Lee MV, Vinu A, Charvet R, Acharya S. Challenges and breakthroughs in recent research on self-assembly. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2008; 9:014109. [PMID: 27877935 PMCID: PMC5099804 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/9/1/014109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The controlled fabrication of nanometer-scale objects is without doubt one of the central issues in current science and technology. However, existing fabrication techniques suffer from several disadvantages including size-restrictions and a general paucity of applicable materials. Because of this, the development of alternative approaches based on supramolecular self-assembly processes is anticipated as a breakthrough methodology. This review article aims to comprehensively summarize the salient aspects of self-assembly through the introduction of the recent challenges and breakthroughs in three categories: (i) types of self-assembly in bulk media; (ii) types of components for self-assembly in bulk media; and (iii) self-assembly at interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI), Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jonathan P Hill
- World Premier International (WPI), Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
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373
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Wang B, Bocquet ML, Marchini S, Günther S, Wintterlin J. Chemical origin of a graphene moiré overlayer on Ru(0001). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:3530-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b801785a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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374
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Schlickum U, Decker R, Klappenberger F, Zoppellaro G, Klyatskaya S, Ruben M, Silanes I, Arnau A, Kern K, Brune H, Barth JV. Metal-organic honeycomb nanomeshes with tunable cavity size. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:3813-7. [PMID: 18020476 DOI: 10.1021/nl072466m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic study of metal-organic honeycomb lattices assembled from simple ditopic molecular bricks and Co atoms on Ag(111). This approach enables us to fabricate size- and shape-controlled open nanomeshes with pore dimensions up to 5.7 nm. The networks are thermally robust while extending over microm2 large areas as single domains. They are shape resistant in the presence of further deposited materials and represent templates to organize guest species and realize molecular rotary systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Schlickum
- Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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375
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Niu Z, Liu J, Lee LA, Bruckman MA, Zhao D, Koley G, Wang Q. Biological templated synthesis of water-soluble conductive polymeric nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:3729-3733. [PMID: 18020388 DOI: 10.1021/nl072134h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) conductive nanowire is one of the most important components for the development of nanosized electronic devices, sensors, and energy storage units. Great progresses have been made to prepare the 1D-conducting polymeric nanofibers by the low concentration process or the synthesis with hard or soft templates. However, it still remains as a great challenge to prepare polymeric nanofibers with narrow dispersity, high aspect ratio, and good processibility. With the rod-like tobacco mosaic virus as the template, 1D-conducting polyaniline and polypyrrole nanowires can be readily prepared via a hierarchical assembly process. This synthesis discloses a unique way to produce composite fibrillar materials with controlled morphology and great processibility, which can promote many potential applications including electronics, optics, sensing, and biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Nanocenter, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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376
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Zhang HL, Chen W, Chen L, Huang H, Wang XS, Yuhara J, Wee ATS. C60 molecular chains on alpha-sexithiophene nanostripes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2007; 3:2015-8. [PMID: 17955484 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200700381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
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377
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Franzen S, Cerruti M, Leonard DN, Duscher G. The role of selection pressure in RNA-mediated evolutionary materials synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:15340-6. [PMID: 17994749 DOI: 10.1021/ja076054r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary materials synthesis is a provocative concept that has the potential for the discovery of novel compounds ranging from drugs to inorganic materials. RNA-mediated evolutionary materials synthesis requires aqueous solvent of moderate ionic strength, water-soluble precursors, and an appropriately designed selection pressure. Throughout the selection process, the RNA must be folded, stable, and accessible once it has bound to a target, catalyzed a chemical reaction, or templated formation of a structure. Subsequently, the RNA must be accessible to permit reverse transcriptase to create DNA copies for amplification. A well-designed selection will generate RNAs that can favor growth of a particular crystal habit or catalyze a specific reaction pathway. In this study we rigorously test the assumptions, procedures, and results of the only published example of an RNA-mediated evolutionary materials synthesis. The proof that a particular RNA sequence is responsible for a novel material synthesis must be established by control experiments as outlined in the present study. Furthermore, the product of nanoscale synthesis must be studied using state-of-the-art characterization methods to determine that selection pressure is exerted according to design. Herein, we demonstrate the use of advanced electron microscopy to determine chemical composition and structure as a critical step in analysis of the success of a selection. We conclude that RNA selections should not be carried out in binary solvent systems, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water. A specific example, which is not consistent with rigorous selection of functional RNAs or RNA cognates, is provided by the precipitation of the water-insoluble precursor, tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium(0) Pd2(DBA)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Franzen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
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378
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Schmid M, Kresse G, Buchsbaum A, Napetschnig E, Gritschneder S, Reichling M, Varga P. Nanotemplate with holes: ultrathin alumina on Ni3Al(111). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:196104. [PMID: 18233088 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.196104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have determined the structure of the ultrathin (sqrt[67] x sqrt[67])R12.2 degrees aluminum oxide on Ni3Al(111) by a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory. In addition to other local defects, the main structural feature of the unit cell is a 0.4-nm-diameter hole reaching down to the metal substrate. Understanding the structure and metal growth on this oxide allows us to use it as a template for growing highly regular arrays of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schmid
- Institut für Allgemeine Physik, Technische Universität Wien, 1040, Wien, Austria
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379
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Cicoira F, Miwa JA, Perepichka DF, Rosei F. Molecular Assembly of Rubrene on a Metal/Metal Oxide Nanotemplate. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:12674-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp076090c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Cicoira
- Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, 1650 Boul, Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, CANADA J3X 1S2, and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC, Canada H3A 2K6
| | - Jill A. Miwa
- Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, 1650 Boul, Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, CANADA J3X 1S2, and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC, Canada H3A 2K6
| | - Dmitrii F. Perepichka
- Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, 1650 Boul, Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, CANADA J3X 1S2, and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC, Canada H3A 2K6
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, 1650 Boul, Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, CANADA J3X 1S2, and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC, Canada H3A 2K6
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380
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Klitgaard SK, Egeblad K, Brorson M, Herbst K, Christensen CH. Turbostratic Boron Nitride Coated on High‐Surface Area Metal Oxide Templates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200700839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Søren K. Klitgaard
- The Center for Sustainable and Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Building 206, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kresten Egeblad
- The Center for Sustainable and Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Building 206, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Konrad Herbst
- Haldor Topsøe A/S, Nymøllevej 55, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Claus H. Christensen
- The Center for Sustainable and Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Building 206, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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381
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Cao B, Mao C. Oriented nucleation of hydroxylapatite crystals on spider dragline silks. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:10701-5. [PMID: 17850102 DOI: 10.1021/la7014435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Spider dragline silk as a protein fiber can be pictured as the oriented organization of protein nanocrystals along the long axis with their spacing filled by amorphous protein domains. We used the surface of the spider dragline silk as a biological template to nucleate bone mineral hydroxylapatite (HAP) site-specifically from a HAP-supersaturated solution. HAP crystals were found to be nucleated on the surface of silks with their c axis preferentially oriented at an average angle of 72.9 degrees with respect to the long axis of the silks. The preferred orientation is nearly identical among the different mineralized silks that we studied. Other materials such as Au and CdS could be nucleated on the silks but did not show any preferred orientation. We believe that the oriented nucleation of HAP is directly related to the structures of silks and HAP. The mineralized silks will combine the good mechanical properties of the spider silks and the biocompatibility of HAP and may be assembled into ideal biomaterials as bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binrui Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 620 Parrington Oval, Room 208, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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382
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Widmer R, Berner S, Gröning O, Brugger T, Osterwalder J, Greber T. Electrolytic in situ STM investigation of h-BN-Nanomesh. Electrochem commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2007.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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383
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Preobrajenski A, Nesterov M, Ng ML, Vinogradov A, Mårtensson N. Monolayer h-BN on lattice-mismatched metal surfaces: On the formation of the nanomesh. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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384
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Perdigão LMA, Perkins EW, Ma J, Staniec PA, Rogers BL, Champness NR, Beton PH. Bimolecular networks and supramolecular traps on Au(111). J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:12539-42. [PMID: 16800583 DOI: 10.1021/jp060062x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the formation of intermixed phases and self assembled molecular templates on the Au(111) surface. The templates are stabilized by hydrogen bonding between melamine molecules with trigonal symmetry and linear PTCDI (perylene tetra-carboxylic di-imide) molecules. When annealed, these molecules spontaneously form either a chiral intermixed phase or a honeycomb arrangement in which vertexes and edges correspond respectively to melamine and PTCDI molecules. We also observe minority phases with more complex intermolecular junctions. The use of these networks as templates is demonstrated by the controlled capture of fullerenes within the pores of the network to form dimers, hexamers, and heptamers. Our results confirm that bimolecular templates can be realized on a range of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M A Perdigão
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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385
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Seker UOS, Wilson B, Dincer S, Kim IW, Oren EE, Evans JS, Tamerler C, Sarikaya M. Adsorption behavior of linear and cyclic genetically engineered platinum binding peptides. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:7895-900. [PMID: 17579466 DOI: 10.1021/la700446g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, phage and cell-surface display libraries have been adapted for genetically selecting short peptides for a variety of inorganic materials. Despite the enormous number of inorganic-binding peptides reported and their bionanotechnological utility as synthesizers and molecular linkers, there is still a limited understanding of molecular mechanisms of peptide recognition of and binding to solid materials. As part of our goal of genetically designing these peptides, understanding the binding kinetics and thermodynamics, and using the peptides as molecular erectors, in this report we discuss molecular structural constraints imposed upon the quantitative binding characteristics of peptides with an affinity for inorganics. Specifically, we use a high-affinity seven amino acid Pt-binding sequence, PTSTGQA, as we reported in earlier studies and build two constructs: one is a Cys-Cys constrained "loop" sequence (CPTSTGQAC) that mimics the domain used in the pIII tail sequence of the phage library construction, and the second is the linear form, a septapeptide, without the loop. Both sequences were analyzed for their adsorption behavior on Pt thin films by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and for their conformational properties by circular dichroism (CD). We find that the cyclic peptide of the integral Pt-binding sequence possesses single or 1:1 Langmuir adsorption behavior and displays equilibrium and adsorption rate constants that are significantly larger than those obtained for the linear form. Conversely, the linear form exhibits biexponential Langmuir isotherm behavior with slower and weaker binding. Furthermore, the structure of the cyclic version was found to adopt a random coil molecular conformation, whereas the linear version adopts a polyproline type II conformation in equilibrium with the random coil. The 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol titration experiments indicate that TFE has a different effect on the secondary structures of the linear and cyclic versions of the Pt binding sequence. We conclude that the presence of the Cys-Cys restraint affects both the conformation and binding behavior of the integral Pt-binding septapeptide sequence and that the presence or absence of constraints could be used to tune the adsorption and structural features of inorganic binding peptide sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urartu Ozgur Safak Seker
- Genetically Engineered Materials Science and Engineering Center, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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386
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Berner S, Corso M, Widmer R, Groening O, Laskowski R, Blaha P, Schwarz K, Goriachko A, Over H, Gsell S, Schreck M, Sachdev H, Greber T, Osterwalder J. Boron Nitride Nanomesh: Functionality from a Corrugated Monolayer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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387
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Berner S, Corso M, Widmer R, Groening O, Laskowski R, Blaha P, Schwarz K, Goriachko A, Over H, Gsell S, Schreck M, Sachdev H, Greber T, Osterwalder J. Boron Nitride Nanomesh: Functionality from a Corrugated Monolayer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:5115-9. [PMID: 17538919 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Berner
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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388
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Woods RD, Takahashi N, Aslam A, Pleass RJ, Aizawa SI, Sockett RE. Bifunctional nanotube scaffolds for diverse ligands are purified simply from Escherichia coli strains coexpressing two functionalized flagellar genes. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:1809-16. [PMID: 17489638 DOI: 10.1021/nl0702968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We functionalized Escherichia coli FliC flagellin proteins to form tailored nanotubes binding single types or pairs of ligands, including divalent cations, fluorescent antibodies, or biotin-avidin-linked moieties such as ferritins. The ratio of each tag in bifunctionalized flagella could be toggled extending their sophistication as nanoscaffolds. Tobacco Etch Virus (TEV) protease site-containing FliCs were cleaved by the cognate protease without filament disintegration, potentiating their use as removable nanolithography masks to deposit attached ligands by protease cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Woods
- Institute of Genetics, School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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389
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390
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Benkoski JJ, Bowles SE, Korth BD, Jones RL, Douglas JF, Karim A, Pyun J. Field Induced Formation of Mesoscopic Polymer Chains from Functional Ferromagnetic Colloids. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:6291-7. [PMID: 17444645 DOI: 10.1021/ja070779d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The assembly and direct imaging of ferromagnetic nanoparticles into one-dimensional mesostructures (1-D) are reported. Polymer-coated ferromagnetic colloids (19 nm, 24 nm) were assembled at a crosslinkable oil-water interface under both magnetic field induced and zero-field conditions and permanently fixed into 1-D mesoscopic polymer chains (1-9 mum) in a process referred to as Fossilized Liquid Assembly (FLA). In the FLA process, nanoparticle chains were fixed at the oil interface through photopolymerization, enabling direct visualization of organized mesostructures using atomic force microscopy. Using the FLA methodology, we systematically investigated different conditions and demonstrated that dispersed ferromagnetic colloids possess sufficient dipolar interactions to organize into mesoscopic assemblies. Application of an external magnetic field during assembly enabled the formation of micron-sized chains which were aligned in the direction of the applied field. This universal methodology is an attractive alternative technique to cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) for the visualization of nanoparticle assembly in dispersed organic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Benkoski
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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391
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Ruffieux P, Palotas K, Gröning O, Wasserfallen D, Müllen K, Hofer WA, Gröning P, Fasel R. Site- and Orientation-Selective Anchoring of a Prototypical Molecular Building Block. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:5007-11. [PMID: 17378560 DOI: 10.1021/ja0673231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The controlled anchoring of molecular building blocks on appropriate templates is a major prerequisite for the rational design and fabrication of supramolecular architectures on surfaces. We report on a particularly selective adsorption process of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene on Au(111), which leads to well-controlled adsorption position and orientation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Scanning tunneling microscopy reveals selective adsorption on monatomic steps in the fcc stacking regions with a specific orientation of 18 degrees between the molecular axis and the step normal. Ab initio calculations for various adsorption sites reveal the lowest total energy for adsorption on a kink site. Energy considerations and the excellent agreement between experimental and simulated images show that adsorption on kink sites is responsible for the specific adsorption angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, 3602 Thun, Switzerland.
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392
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Goriachko A, He Y, Knapp M, Over H, Corso M, Brugger T, Berner S, Osterwalder J, Greber T. Self-assembly of a hexagonal boron nitride nanomesh on Ru(0001). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:2928-31. [PMID: 17286422 DOI: 10.1021/la062990t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanostructures were grown on Ru(0001), and are very similar to those previously reported on Rh(111). They show a highly regular 12 x 12 superstructure, comprising 2 nm wide apertures with a depth of about 0.1 nm. Valence band photoemission reveals two distinctly bonded h-BN species, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates an h-BN monolayer film. The functionality of the h-BN/Ru(0001) nanomesh is demonstrated by using this structure for the assembly of gold nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Goriachko
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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393
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Laskowski R, Blaha P, Gallauner T, Schwarz K. Single-layer model of the hexagonal boron nitride nanomesh on the Rh(111) surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:106802. [PMID: 17358554 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.106802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
An alternative model of the hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) on nanomesh on the Rh(111) surface is presented. It explains the observed ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy spectra and reproduces experimental STM images introducing, instead of two, only one strongly corrugated layer of h-BN covering the whole Rh surface. In order to optimize the geometry of the BN layer we calculate the forces by density functional theory and analyze the interactions in the system. The final geometry is a result of a competition between BN-metal attraction or repulsion and elastic properties of the isolated h-BN layer. The calculated bonding energy is around 0.33 eV per BN molecule with a corrugation close to 0.55 A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Laskowski
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/165TC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
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394
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Deak DS, Silly F, Porfyrakis K, Castell MR. Controlled surface ordering of endohedral fullerenes with a SrTiO(3) template. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2007; 18:075301. [PMID: 21730496 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/18/7/075301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The ability to select the way in which atoms and molecules self-organize on a surface is important for synthesizing nanometre scale devices. Here we show how endohedral fullerenes (Er(3)N@C(80)) can be assembled into four distinctive arrangements on a strontium titanate surface template. Each template pattern correlates to a particular reconstruction on n-doped SrTiO(3)(001), made in whole or in part by self-assembled arrays of non-stoichiometric oxide nanostructures. Close-packed assemblies of Er(3)N@C(80) molecules are formed, as well as one-dimensional chains and two-dimensional grids. This method of template-assisted molecular ordering provides a new platform for the development of experimental schemes of classical and quantum information processing at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Deak
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
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395
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Liu X, Lu B, Iimori T, Nakatsuji K, Komori F. Self-assembled MnN superstructure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:066103. [PMID: 17358959 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.066103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled MnN nanoislands have been prepared on Cu(001) substrate. The nanoislands show a square shape and a well-defined size. They are regularly arrayed with a periodicity of (3.5+/-0.1) nanometer and form a two-dimensional square superstructure. The MnN island superstructure is stabilized by a short-range mechanism. A structural model has been proposed to explain the self-assembly and the high quality of the superstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Liu
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwashi, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.
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396
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Allan MP, Berner S, Corso M, Greber T, Osterwalder J. Tunable self-assembly of one-dimensional nanostructures with orthogonal directions. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2007. [PMCID: PMC3245566 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-006-9036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature exposure of a Mo(110) surface to borazine (HBNH)3leads to the formation of two distinctly different self-assembling nanostructures. Depending on the substrate temperature during preparation, either well-aligned, ultra-thin boron nanowires or a single-layer stripe structure of hexagonal boron nitride forms. Both structures show one-dimensional (1D) characteristics, but in directions perpendicular to each other. It is also possible to grow the two phases in coexistence. The relative weights are controlled by the sample temperature during preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan P Allan
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Berner
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Corso
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Osterwalder
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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397
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Ritchie CM, Johnsen KR, Kiser JR, Antoku Y, Dickson RM, Petty JT. Ag Nanocluster Formation Using a Cytosine Oligonucleotide Template. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2007; 111:175-181. [PMID: 19079559 PMCID: PMC2597810 DOI: 10.1021/jp0648487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of silver cations bound to the oligonucleotide dC(12) was used to form silver nanoclusters. Mass spectra show that the oligonucleotides have 2-7 silver atoms that form multiple species, as evident from the number of transitions in the fluorescence and absorption spectra. The variations in the concentrations of the nanoclusters with time are attributed to the changing reducing capacity of the solution, and the formation of oxidized nanoclusters is proposed. Via mass spectrometry and circular dichroism spectroscopy, double-stranded structures with Ag(+)-mediated interactions between the bases are observed, but these structures are not maintained with the reduced nanoclusters. Through variations in the pH, the nanoclusters are shown to bind with the N3 of cytosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Ritchie
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613
| | - Kenneth R. Johnsen
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613
| | - John R. Kiser
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613
| | - Yasuko Antoku
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400
| | - Robert M. Dickson
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400
| | - Jeffrey T. Petty
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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398
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Ly HV, Tuononen HM, Parvez M, Roesler R. Assembly of a planar, tricyclic B4N8 framework with s-indacene structure. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:4522-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b709270a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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399
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Deak DS, Silly F, Porfyrakis K, Castell MR. Template Ordered Open-Grid Arrays of Paired Endohedral Fullerenes. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:13976-7. [PMID: 17061850 DOI: 10.1021/ja0634369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Developing useful molecular systems, such as planar networks for novel molecular electronics, requires the ability to control the way molecules assemble at surfaces. Here we report how an oxide crystal surface can be used as a template to controllably order endohedral fullerenes, Er3N@C80, into two-dimensional (2D) open-grid arrays. The crystal surface is made of highly ordered oxide nanostructures which self-assemble on the surface of SrTiO3(001). This method of molecular ordering can be applied to other fullerenes and has the potential to provide a basis for developing a wide range of molecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Deak
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
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400
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Abstract
A SiC nanomesh is used as a nanotemplate to direct the epitaxy of C60 molecules. The epitaxial growth of C60 molecules on SiC nanomesh at room temperature is investigated by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy, revealing a typical Stranski-Krastanov mode (i.e., for the first one or two monolayers, it is a layer-by-layer growth or 2-D nucleation mode; at higher thicknesses, it changes to island growth or a 3-D nucleation mode). At submonolayer (0.04 and 0.2 ML) coverage, C60 molecules tend to aggregate to form single-layer C60 islands that mainly decorate terrace edges, leaving the uncovered SiC nanomesh almost free of C60 molecules. At 1 ML C60 coverage, a complete wetting layer of hexagonally close-packed C60 molecules forms on top of the SiC nanomesh. At higher coverage from 4.5 ML onward, the C60 stacking adopts a (111) oriented face-centered-cubic (fcc) structure. Strong bright and dim molecular contrasts have been observed on the first layer of C60 molecules, which are proposed to originate from electronic effects in a single-layer C60 island or the different coupling of C60 molecules to SiC nanomesh. These STM molecular contrast patterns completely disappear on the second and all the subsequent C60 layers. It is also found that the nanomesh can be fully recovered by annealing the C60/SiC nanomesh sample at 200 degrees C for 20 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore.
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