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Donnelly A, Blagg BSJ. Novobiocin and additional inhibitors of the Hsp90 C-terminal nucleotide-binding pocket. Curr Med Chem 2008; 15:2702-17. [PMID: 18991631 PMCID: PMC2729083 DOI: 10.2174/092986708786242895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The 90 kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp90), which are integrally involved in cell signaling, proliferation, and survival, are ubiquitously expressed in cells. Many proteins in tumor cells are dependent upon the Hsp90 protein folding machinery for their stability, refolding, and maturation. Inhibition of Hsp90 uniquely targets client proteins associated with all six hallmarks of cancer. Thus, Hsp90 has emerged as a promising target for the treatment of cancer. Hsp90 exists as a homodimer, which contains three domains. The N-terminal domain contains an ATP-binding site that binds the natural products geldanamycin and radicicol. The middle domain is highly charged and has high affinity for co-chaperones and client proteins. Initial studies by Csermely and co-workers suggested a second ATP-binding site in the C-terminus of Hsp90. This C-terminal nucleotide binding pocket has been shown to not only bind ATP, but cisplatin, novobiocin, epilgallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and taxol. The coumarin antibiotics novobiocin, clorobiocin, and coumermycin A1 were isolated from several streptomyces strains and exhibit potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. These compounds bind type II topoisomerases, including DNA gyrase, and inhibit the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of ATP. As a result, novobiocin analogues have garnered the attention of numerous researchers as an attractive agent for the treatment of bacterial infection. Novobiocin was reported to bind weakly to the newly discovered Hsp90 C-terminal ATP binding site ( approximately 700 M in SkBr3 cells) and induce degradation of Hsp90 client proteins. Structural modification of this compound has led to an increase of 1000-fold in activity in anti-proliferative assays. Recent studies of structure-activity relationship (SAR) by Renoir and co-workers highlighted the crucial role of the C-4 and/or C-7 positions of the coumarin and removal of the noviose moiety, which appeared to be essential for degradation of Hsp90 client proteins. Unlike the N-terminal ATP binding site, there is no reported co-crystal structure of Hsp90 C-terminus bound to any inhibitor. The Hsp90 C-terminal domain, however, is known to contain a conserved pentapeptide sequence (MEEVD) which is recognized by co-chaperones. Cisplatin is a platinum-containing chemotherapeutic used to treat various types of cancers, including testicular, ovarian, bladder, and small cell lung cancer. Most notably, cisplatin coordinates to DNA bases, resulting in cross-linked DNA, which prohibits rapidly dividing cells from duplicating DNA for mitosis. Itoh and co-workers reported that cisplatin decreases the chaperone activity of Hsp90. This group applied bovine brain cytosol to a cisplatin affinity column, eluted with cisplatin and detected Hsp90 in the eluent. Subsequent experiments indicated that cisplatin exhibits high affinity for Hsp90. Moreover Csermely and co-workers determined that the cisplatin binding site is located proximal to the C-terminal ATP binding site. EGCG is one of the active ingredients found in green tea. EGCG is known to inhibit the activity of many Hsp90-dependent client proteins, including telomerase, several kinases, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Recently Gasiewicz and co-workers reported that EGCG manifests its antagonistic activity against AhR through binding Hsp90. Similar to novobiocin, EGCG was shown to bind the C-terminus of Hsp90. Unlike previously identified N-terminal Hsp90 inhibitors, EGCG does not appear to prevent Hsp90 from forming multiprotein complexes. Studies are currently underway to determine whether EGCG competes with novobiocin or cisplatin binding. Taxol, a well-known drug for the treatment of cancer, is responsible for the stabilization of microtubules and the inhibition of mitosis. Previous studies have shown that taxol induces the activation of kinases and transcription factors, and mimics the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an attribute unrelated to its tubulin-binding properties. Rosen and co-workers prepared a biotinylated taxol derivative and performed affinity chromatography experiments with lysates from both mouse brain and macrophage cell lines. These studies led to identification of two chaperones, Hsp70 and Hsp90, by mass spectrometry. In contrast to typical Hsp90-binding drugs, taxol exhibits a stimulatory response. Recently it was reported that the geldanamycin derivative 17-AAG behaves synergistically with taxol-induced apoptosis. This review describes the different C-terminal inhibitors of Hsp90, with specific emphasis on structure-activity relationship studies of novobiocin and their effects on anti-proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Donnelly
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott 4070, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7563, USA
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott 4070, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7563, USA
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357
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Beroukhim R, Getz G, Nghiemphu L, Barretina J, Hsueh T, Linhart D, Vivanco I, Lee JC, Huang JH, Alexander S, Du J, Kau T, Thomas RK, Shah K, Soto H, Perner S, Prensner J, Debiasi RM, Demichelis F, Hatton C, Rubin MA, Garraway LA, Nelson SF, Liau L, Mischel PS, Cloughesy TF, Meyerson M, Golub TA, Lander ES, Mellinghoff IK, Sellers WR. Assessing the significance of chromosomal aberrations in cancer: methodology and application to glioma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:20007-12. [PMID: 18077431 PMCID: PMC2148413 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0710052104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 803] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive knowledge of the genomic alterations that underlie cancer is a critical foundation for diagnostics, prognostics, and targeted therapeutics. Systematic efforts to analyze cancer genomes are underway, but the analysis is hampered by the lack of a statistical framework to distinguish meaningful events from random background aberrations. Here we describe a systematic method, called Genomic Identification of Significant Targets in Cancer (GISTIC), designed for analyzing chromosomal aberrations in cancer. We use it to study chromosomal aberrations in 141 gliomas and compare the results with two prior studies. Traditional methods highlight hundreds of altered regions with little concordance between studies. The new approach reveals a highly concordant picture involving approximately 35 significant events, including 16-18 broad events near chromosome-arm size and 16-21 focal events. Approximately half of these events correspond to known cancer-related genes, only some of which have been previously tied to glioma. We also show that superimposed broad and focal events may have different biological consequences. Specifically, gliomas with broad amplification of chromosome 7 have properties different from those with overlapping focalEGFR amplification: the broad events act in part through effects on MET and its ligand HGF and correlate with MET dependence in vitro. Our results support the feasibility and utility of systematic characterization of the cancer genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameen Beroukhim
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pediatric Oncology and Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Leia Nghiemphu
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Neurology, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jordi Barretina
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pediatric Oncology and Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Teli Hsueh
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Neurology, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - David Linhart
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pediatric Oncology and Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Igor Vivanco
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Neurology, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jeffrey C. Lee
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pediatric Oncology and Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Julie H. Huang
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Neurology, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Sethu Alexander
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pediatric Oncology and Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jinyan Du
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pediatric Oncology and Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tweeny Kau
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Neurology, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Roman K. Thomas
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pediatric Oncology and Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115
- Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research and Klaus-Joachim Zülch Laboratories, Max Planck Society and Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology and Department I for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kinjal Shah
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pediatric Oncology and Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Horacio Soto
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Neurology, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Sven Perner
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulm, D-89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - John Prensner
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pediatric Oncology and Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ralph M. Debiasi
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pediatric Oncology and Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Charlie Hatton
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pediatric Oncology and Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mark A. Rubin
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Levi A. Garraway
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pediatric Oncology and Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Stan F. Nelson
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Neurology, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Linda Liau
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Neurology, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Paul S. Mischel
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Neurology, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Tim F. Cloughesy
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Neurology, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pediatric Oncology and Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Todd A. Golub
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pediatric Oncology and Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Eric S. Lander
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Ingo K. Mellinghoff
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021; and
| | - William R. Sellers
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pediatric Oncology and Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
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366
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Götte M, Kersting C, Radke I, Kiesel L, Wülfing P. An expression signature of syndecan-1 (CD138), E-cadherin and c-met is associated with factors of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in ductal breast carcinoma in situ. Breast Cancer Res 2007; 9:R8. [PMID: 17244359 PMCID: PMC1851383 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heparan sulphate proteoglycan syndecan-1 modulates cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and angiogenesis. It is a coreceptor for the hepatocyte growth factor receptor c-met, and its coexpression with E-cadherin is synchronously regulated during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In breast cancer, changes in the expression of syndecan-1, E-cadherin and c-met correlate with poor prognosis. In this study we evaluated whether coexpression of these functionally linked prognostic markers constitutes an expression signature in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast that may promote cell proliferation and (lymph)angiogenesis. METHODS Expression of syndecan-1, E-cadherin and c-met was detected immunohistochemically using a tissue microarray in tumour specimens from 200 DCIS patients. Results were correlated with the expression patterns of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic markers. Coexpression of the three prognostic markers was evaluated in human breast cancer cells by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and RT-PCR. RESULTS Coexpression and membrane colocalization of the three markers was confirmed in MCF-7 cells. E-cadherin expression decreased, and c-met expression increased progressively in more aggressive cell lines. Tissue microarray analysis revealed strong positive staining of tumour cells for syndecan-1 in 72%, E-cadherin in 67.8% and c-met in 48.6% of DCIS. E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with c-met and syndecan-1. Expression of c-met and syndecan-1 was significantly more frequent in the subgroup of patients with pure DCIS than in those with DCIS and a coexisting invasive carcinoma. Levels of c-met and syndecan-1 expression were associated with HER2 expression. Expression of c-met significantly correlated with expression of endothelin A and B receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and fibroblast growth factor receptor-1, whereas E-cadherin expression correlated significantly with endothelin A receptor, VEGF-A and VEGF-C staining. CONCLUSION Syndecan-1, E-cadherin and c-met constitute a marker signature associated with angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors in DCIS. This coexpression may reflect a state of parallel activation of different signal transduction pathways, promoting tumour cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Our findings have implications for future therapeutic approaches in terms of a multiple target approach, which may be useful early in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Götte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Christian Kersting
- Department of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Isabel Radke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kiesel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Pia Wülfing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, Münster, D-48149, Germany
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