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Sigurdsson S, Nordmark G, Göring HHH, Lindroos K, Wiman AC, Sturfelt G, Jönsen A, Rantapää-Dahlqvist S, Möller B, Kere J, Koskenmies S, Widén E, Eloranta ML, Julkunen H, Kristjansdottir H, Steinsson K, Alm G, Rönnblom L, Syvänen AC. Polymorphisms in the tyrosine kinase 2 and interferon regulatory factor 5 genes are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 76:528-37. [PMID: 15657875 PMCID: PMC1196404 DOI: 10.1086/428480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2004] [Accepted: 12/30/2004] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex systemic autoimmune disease caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Genome scans in families with SLE point to multiple potential chromosomal regions that harbor SLE susceptibility genes, and association studies in different populations have suggested several susceptibility alleles for SLE. Increased production of type I interferon (IFN) and expression of IFN-inducible genes is commonly observed in SLE and may be pivotal in the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. We analyzed 44 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 13 genes from the type I IFN pathway in 679 Swedish, Finnish, and Icelandic patients with SLE, in 798 unaffected family members, and in 438 unrelated control individuals for joint linkage and association with SLE. In two of the genes--the tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) and IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) genes--we identified SNPs that displayed strong signals in joint analysis of linkage and association (unadjusted P<10(-7)) with SLE. TYK2 binds to the type I IFN receptor complex and IRF5 is a regulator of type I IFN gene expression. Thus, our results support a disease mechanism in SLE that involves key components of the type I IFN system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snaevar Sigurdsson
- Molecular Medicine and Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio; Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Department of Medicine, Peijas Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik
| | - Gunnel Nordmark
- Molecular Medicine and Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio; Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Department of Medicine, Peijas Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik
| | - Harald H. H. Göring
- Molecular Medicine and Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio; Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Department of Medicine, Peijas Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik
| | - Katarina Lindroos
- Molecular Medicine and Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio; Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Department of Medicine, Peijas Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik
| | - Ann-Christin Wiman
- Molecular Medicine and Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio; Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Department of Medicine, Peijas Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik
| | - Gunnar Sturfelt
- Molecular Medicine and Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio; Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Department of Medicine, Peijas Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik
| | - Andreas Jönsen
- Molecular Medicine and Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio; Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Department of Medicine, Peijas Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik
| | - Solbritt Rantapää-Dahlqvist
- Molecular Medicine and Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio; Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Department of Medicine, Peijas Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik
| | - Bozena Möller
- Molecular Medicine and Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio; Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Department of Medicine, Peijas Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik
| | - Juha Kere
- Molecular Medicine and Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio; Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Department of Medicine, Peijas Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik
| | - Sari Koskenmies
- Molecular Medicine and Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio; Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Department of Medicine, Peijas Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Molecular Medicine and Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio; Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Department of Medicine, Peijas Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik
| | - Maija-Leena Eloranta
- Molecular Medicine and Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio; Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Department of Medicine, Peijas Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik
| | - Heikki Julkunen
- Molecular Medicine and Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio; Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Department of Medicine, Peijas Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik
| | - Helga Kristjansdottir
- Molecular Medicine and Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio; Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Department of Medicine, Peijas Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik
| | - Kristjan Steinsson
- Molecular Medicine and Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio; Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Department of Medicine, Peijas Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik
| | - Gunnar Alm
- Molecular Medicine and Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio; Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Department of Medicine, Peijas Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Molecular Medicine and Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio; Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Department of Medicine, Peijas Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik
| | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Molecular Medicine and Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio; Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Department of Medicine, Peijas Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik
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