401
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Alcaide B, Almendros P, Martínez del Campo T. Chemodivergence in Alkene/Allene Cycloetherification of Enallenols: Iron versus Noble Metal Catalysis. Chemistry 2008; 14:7756-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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402
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Boyer N, Gloanec P, De Nanteuil G, Jubault P, Quirion JC. Synthesis of α,α-Difluoro-β-amino Esters orgem-Difluoro-β-lactams as Potential Metallocarboxypeptidase Inhibitors. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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403
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Taubinger AA, Fenske D, Podlech J. Synthesis of β,β′-diamino acids from α-amino acid-derived β-lactams by ring opening with nucleophiles. Utilization in the synthesis of peptidomimetics. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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404
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Zhao Q, Li C. Preference of beta-lactam formation in Cu(I)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling of amides with vinyl bromides. Org Lett 2008; 10:4037-40. [PMID: 18722451 DOI: 10.1021/ol801545a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A general and highly efficient synthesis of 4-alkylidene-2-azetidinones was achieved by the Cu(I)-catalyzed intramolecular C-N coupling of amides with vinyl bromides. This 4-exo ring closure was found to be fundamentally preferred over other modes (5-exo, 6-exo, and 6-endo) of cyclization under copper catalysis. Tandem C-N bond formation was then successfully developed to allow the convenient generation of medium-sized lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
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405
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Stecko S, Mames A, Furman B, Chmielewski M. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Carbapenams via Kinugasa Reaction. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7402-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801212q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stecko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Mames
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Furman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Chmielewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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406
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Cossío FP, Arrieta A, Sierra MA. The mechanism of the ketene-imine (staudinger) reaction in its centennial: still an unsolved problem? Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:925-36. [PMID: 18662024 DOI: 10.1021/ar800033j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[Reaction: see text]. Although Staudinger reported the reaction between ketenes and imines 100 years ago (1907), this process is still the most general and useful method for the synthesis of beta-lactams and their derivatives. This reaction is a [2 + 2] thermal cycloaddition in which two chiral centers may be generated in one preparative step. Staudinger reactions involving alpha,beta-unsaturated imines or ketenes have issues concerning the [2 + 2] or [4 + 2] periselectivity of the reaction. This Account discusses how the main factors that determine the regiochemical and stereochemical outcomes of this reaction were elucidated with computational and experimental data. This fruitful interplay between theory and experiment has revealed that the [2 + 2] cycloaddition is actually a two-step process. The first step is a nucleophilic addition of the nitrogen atom of the imine on the sp-hybridized carbon atom of the ketene. This attack forms a zwitterionic intermediate that evolves toward the final beta-lactam cycloadduct. The second step can be viewed as a four-electron conrotatory electrocyclization that is subject to torquoelectronic effects. When alpha,beta-unsaturated imines are used, the zwitterionic intermediates yield either the corresponding 4-vinyl-beta-lactams or the alternative 3,4-dihydropyridin-2(1 H)-ones. In this latter case, the cyclization step consists of a thermal disrotatory electrocyclization. In the context of stereoselectivity, it is usually assumed that the first step takes place through the less hindered side of the ketene. The cis-trans selectivity of the reaction depends on the geometry of the imine. As the general rule, ( E)-imines form cis-beta-lactams whereas ( Z)-imines yield trans-beta-lactams. Most of the experimental results point to the two-step model. The asymmetric torquoselectivity of the conrotatory ring closure of the second step accounts for the stereochemical discrimination in the reaction of chiral ketenes or chiral imines. Nevertheless, recent studies have revealed that isomerization paths in the imine or in the zwitterion may determine the stereochemistry of the reaction. Thus, if the rotation about the N1-C4 bond of the zwitterion intermediate is faster than the cyclization, the formation of trans-beta-lactams from ( E)-imines is biased. Alternatively, in some cases, the ( E)-( Z) isomerization of the starting imines prior to the cycloaddition steps also results in the formation of trans-cycloadducts. Although the main variables that govern the outcome of the reaction have been elucidated, there are still several aspects of the reaction yet to be disclosed. Finally, the discovery of the catalytic version of the reaction is a new and formidable mechanistic challenge and will be a nice playground for forthcoming theoretical-experimental discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando P. Cossío
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea. Ap 1072, 20080, San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
| | - Ana Arrieta
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea. Ap 1072, 20080, San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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407
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Synthesis of (3S,4R)-4-benzylamino-3-methoxypiperidine, an important intermediate for (3S,4R)-Cisapride. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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408
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D'hooghe M, Van Brabandt W, Dekeukeleire S, Dejaegher Y, De Kimpe N. Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Lactams Utilizing α-Chloroimines as New and Powerful Chiral Inductors. Chemistry 2008; 14:6336-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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409
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Aronica LA, Caporusso AM, Salvadori P. Synthesis and Reactivity of Silylformylation Products Derived from Alkynes. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200701219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Antonella Aronica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Universitàdegli Studi di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Caporusso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Universitàdegli Studi di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Salvadori
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Universitàdegli Studi di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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410
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Feroci M, Chiarotto I, Orsini M, Sotgiu G, Inesi A. Reactivity of Electrogenerated N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. Cyclization to 2-Azetidinone RingviaC-3/C-4 Bond Formation. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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411
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Li GQ, Li Y, Dai LX, You SL. Enantioselective Synthesis ofcis-4-Formyl-β-lactamsviaChiral N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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412
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Yu H, Lee PH. Indium-Mediated 1,2,4,5-Hexatetraen-3-ylation of 4-Acetoxy-2-azetidinones and Their Applications to the Diels−Alder Reactions for the Synthesis of 2-Azetidinone Derivatives. J Org Chem 2008; 73:5183-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800594y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heashim Yu
- National Research Laboratory for Catalytic Organic Reaction, Department of Chemistry and Institute for Molecular Science & Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Ho Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Catalytic Organic Reaction, Department of Chemistry and Institute for Molecular Science & Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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413
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Synthesis of trans-4-aryl-3-(3-chloropropyl)azetidin-2-ones and their transformation into trans- and cis-2-arylpiperidine-3-carboxylates. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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414
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Yang YY, Shou WG, Hong D, Wang YG. Selective Synthesis of 4-Alkylidene-β-lactams and N,N′-Diarylamidines from Azides and Aryloxyacetyl Chlorides via a Ketenimine-Participating One-Pot Cascade Process. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3574-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702733h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wang-Ge Shou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Deng Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yan-Guang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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415
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Alcaide B, Almendros P, Carrascosa R, Rodríguez-Acebes R. Synthesis of Novel Bis(β-lactam)-1,3-diynes by Copper-Promoted Homo- or Cross-Coupling of Alkynyl-2-azetidinones. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200701083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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416
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Alcaide B, Almendros P, Cabrero G, Ruiz MP. I2-Catalyzed enantioselective ring expansion of beta-lactams to gamma-lactams through a novel C3-C4 bond cleavage. Direct entry to protected 3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-2-one derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:615-7. [PMID: 18209807 DOI: 10.1039/b715661h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular iodine (10 mol%) efficiently catalyzes the ring expansion of 4-oxoazetidine-2-carbaldehydes in the presence of tert-butyldimethyl cyanide to afford protected 5-cyano-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-2-ones with good yield and high diastereoselectivity, through a novel C3-C4 bond cleavage of the beta-lactam nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito Alcaide
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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417
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Alcaide B, Almendros P, Luna A, Torres MR. Stereoselective NaN3-catalyzed halonitroaldol-type reaction of azetidine-2,3-diones in aqueous media. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:1635-40. [DOI: 10.1039/b802011f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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418
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From theoretical calculations to the enantioselective synthesis of a 1,3,4-trisubstituted Gly-derived 2-azetidinone. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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419
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He M, Bode JW. Enantioselective, NHC-Catalyzed Bicyclo-β-Lactam Formation via Direct Annulations of Enals and Unsaturated N-Sulfonyl Ketimines. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 130:418-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0778592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106−9510
| | - Jeffrey W. Bode
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106−9510
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420
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Zhang YR, He L, Wu X, Shao PL, Ye S. Chiral N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Staudinger Reaction of Ketenes with Imines: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of N-Boc β-Lactams. Org Lett 2007; 10:277-80. [PMID: 18085789 DOI: 10.1021/ol702759b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Rong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Lin He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Pan-Lin Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Song Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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421
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Alcaide B, Almendros P, Cabrero G, Ruiz MP. Stereocontrolled Access to Orthogonally Protected anti,anti-4-Aminopiperidine-3,5-diols through Chemoselective Reduction of Enantiopure β-Lactam Cyanohydrins. J Org Chem 2007; 72:7980-91. [PMID: 17867703 DOI: 10.1021/jo701452a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cyanosilylation of enantiopure 4-oxoazetidine-2-carbaldehydes with tert-butyldimethylsilyl cyanide was promoted by either molecular sieves or catalytic amount of sodium carbonate to give O-silylated beta-lactam cyanohydrins with good yield and diastereoselectivity. In contrast, Lewis acids did not effectively promote the cyanosilylation under different experimental conditions, and instead hydrocyanation took place affording the corresponding free cyanohydrins in variable yield and selectivity. Starting from beta-lactam cyanohydrin hybrids, two concise, complementary stereocontrolled routes to optically pure orthogonally protected anti,anti-4-amino-3,5-piperidine diols were achieved. Key features of the first approach include chemoselective reductive opening of the beta-lactam ring with LiBH4 to a 3-amino-5-hydroxy pentanenitrile followed by reductive cyclization of a conveniently functionalized cyanomesylate derivative with NaBH4/NiCl2. The second approach involves LiAlH4 reduction of protected anti,anti-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxypiperidin-2-ones, which were easily obtained by chemoselective reduction of the cyano group in the beta-lactam cyanohydrin hybrids with NaBH4/NiCl2 and subsequent intramolecular rearrangement of the resulting amino beta-lactams. Both routes make use of an oxidative N-dearylation with diacetoxyiodobenzene of a 4-methoxyphenylamino group as a common synthetic step. Specifically, the utility of this novel reaction sequence has been demonstrated by the synthesis of fully orthogonally protected sialidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito Alcaide
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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422
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Alcaide B, Almendros P, Cabrero G, Ruiz MP. Direct organocatalytic synthesis of enantiopure succinimides from β-lactam aldehydes through ring expansion promoted by azolium salt precatalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:4788-90. [DOI: 10.1039/b711473g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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