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Nili A, Karimi S, Salehi Farid A, Molhem Azar P, Farimani Z, Shahbazian H, Balighi K, Tavakolpour S, Mahmoudi H, Daneshpazhooh M. Factors associated with the healing time of pemphigus vulgaris oral lesions: a prospective study. Oral Dis 2022. [PMID: 35506253 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study determines the healing time of lesions on different locations and the contributing factors to the healing time in patients with pemphigus. METHODS In this prospective study, newly diagnosed patients with mucosal lesions were included. A dermatologist evaluated the lesions, disease status, side effects and assigned the PDAI. Follow-up visits were conducted monthly until the patient reached complete remission and every three months thereafter. A Tzanck smear was performed on lesions clinically suspected to be herpetic in origin. RESULTS Sixty patients enrolled in the study with a mean age of 45.9 ± 11.7 years. The buccal lesions took the longest to resolve(73[33.5-105.5] days). However, the posterior pharynx lesions showed the shortest healing time(20[13.0-25.5] days). The likelihood of improvement in buccal and soft palate lesions decreased by 5% and 3% with each additional year of age, respectively. Also, the resolution duration of soft palate lesions was significantly shorter in female patients than males(median of 24.0 days vs. 38.5 days). In contrast, lower gingival lesions resolve significantly faster in male patients by a median of 9 days. HSV infection increases the healing time of lesions by 26 days(median of 55 days vs. 29 days, hazard ratio 2.62, 95%CI:1.04-5.92). CONCLUSIONS Buccal and lower gingival lesions are more recalcitrant to treatment, while posterior pharynx lesions heal most rapidly. Furthermore, older age was also associated with a lower rate of lesion improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nili
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shakiba Karimi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salehi Farid
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pedram Molhem Azar
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Farimani
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Kamran Balighi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamidreza Mahmoudi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Daneshpazhooh
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nili A, Salehi Farid A, Asgari M, Tavakolpour S, Mahmoudi H, Daneshpazhooh M. Current status and prospects for the diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:819-834. [PMID: 34162306 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1945925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an intraepidermal autoimmune bullous disease (AIBD) characterized by autoantibodies against desmosomal adhesion proteins, most commonly desmoglein (Dsg)3, leading to the suprabasal cleft formation and acantholysis.Areas covered: Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) studies display the intercellular deposition of IgG/C3 throughout the epidermis and presence of circulating autoantibodies respectively, as a net-like pattern. However, the target antigen remains unknown using immunofluorescence techniques. Thanks to the development of Dsg ELISA, using recombinant technology, circulating antibodies against Dsg1 and 3 could be detected sensitively. It is possible to differentiate PV from pemphigus foliaceus (PF) using this assay. BIOCHIP mosaic and multivariant ELISA are two novel serologic methods with the added value of the ability to screen several AIBDs simultaneously.Non-Dsg1/3 antigens are also involved in the pathogenesis of PV and investigated more deeply thanks to the protein microarrays technique. Additionally, patients with high values of anti-Dsg1/3 may be lesion-free, suggesting the presence of nonpathogenic autoantibodies.Expert opinion: Newer diagnostic methods to replace traditional techniques should possess high sensitivity and specificity and be widely available, noninvasive, and relatively cheap. The newly developed methods need to be further evaluated before being recommended for routine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nili
- Department of Dermatology, Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salehi Farid
- Department of Dermatology, Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Asgari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Yosemite Pathology Medical Group, San Ramon Regional Medical Center, San Ramon, CA, USA
| | - Soheil Tavakolpour
- Department of Dermatology, Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudi
- Department of Dermatology, Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Daneshpazhooh
- Department of Dermatology, Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mignard C, Maho-Vaillant M, Golinski ML, Balayé P, Prost-Squarcioni C, Houivet E, Calbo SB, Labeille B, Picard-Dahan C, Konstantinou MP, Chaby G, Richard MA, Bouaziz JD, Duvert-Lehembre S, Delaporte E, Bernard P, Caux F, Alexandre M, Ingen-Housz-Oro S, Vabres P, Quereux G, Dupuy A, Debarbieux S, Avenel-Audran M, D'Incan M, Bédane C, Bénéton N, Jullien D, Dupin N, Misery L, Machet L, Beylot-Barry M, Dereure O, Sassolas B, Benichou J, Joly P, Hébert V. Factors Associated With Short-term Relapse in Patients With Pemphigus Who Receive Rituximab as First-line Therapy: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Dermatol 2020; 156:545-552. [PMID: 32186656 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Importance Rituximab and short-term corticosteroid therapy are the criterion standard treatments for patients with newly diagnosed moderate to severe pemphigus. Objective To examine factors associated with short-term relapse in patients with pemphigus treated with rituximab. Design, Setting, and Participants This post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial (Comparison Between Rituximab Treatment and Oral Corticosteroid Treatment in Patients With Pemphigus [RITUX 3]) conducted from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015, included patients from 20 dermatology departments of tertiary care centers in France from the RITUX 3 trial and 3 newly diagnosed patients treated according to the trial protocol. Data analysis was performed from February 1 to June 30, 2019. Exposure Patients randomly assigned to the rituximab group in the RITUX 3 trial and the 3 additional patients were treated with 1000 mg of intravenous rituximab on days 0 and 14 and 500 mg at months 12 and 18 combined with a short-term prednisone regimen. Main Outcomes and Measures Baseline (pretreatment) clinical and biological characteristics (Pemphigus Disease Area Index [PDAI] score, ranging from 0-250 points, with higher values indicating more severe disease) and changes in anti-desmoglein (DSG) 1 and anti-DSG3 values as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay during the 3 months after rituximab treatment were compared between patients with disease relapse and those who maintained clinical remission during the first 12 months after treatment. The positive and negative predictive values of these factors were calculated. Results Among 47 patients (mean [SD] age, 54.3 [17.0] years; 17 [36%] male and 30 [64%] female) included in the study, the mean (SD) baseline PDAI score for patients with relapsing disease was higher than that of the patients with nonrelapsing disease (54 [33] vs 28 [24]; P = .03). At month 3, 7 of 11 patients with relapsing disease (64%) vs 7 of 36 patients with nonrelapsing disease (19%) had persistent anti-DSG1 antibody values of 20 IU/mL or higher and/or anti-DSG3 antibody values of 130 IU/mL or higher (P = .01). A PDAI score of 45 or higher defining severe pemphigus and/or persistent anti-DSG1 antibody values of 20 IU/mL or higher and/or anti-DSG3 antibody values of 130 IU/mL or higher at month 3 provided a positive predictive value of 50% (95% CI, 27%-73%) and a negative predictive value of 94% (95% CI, 73%-100%) for the occurrence of relapse after rituximab. Conclusions and Relevance The findings suggest that initial PDAI score and changes in anti-DSG antibody values after the initial cycle of rituximab might help differentiate a subgroup of patients with high risk of relapse who might benefit from maintenance rituximab infusion at month 6 from a subgroup of patients with low risk of relapse who do not need early maintenance therapy. Trial Registration NCT00784589.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mignard
- Centre de référence des maladies bulleuses auto-immunes, Department of Dermatology, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, INSERM U1234, Rouen, France
| | - Maud Maho-Vaillant
- Centre de référence des maladies bulleuses auto-immunes, Department of Dermatology, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, INSERM U1234, Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Laure Golinski
- Centre de référence des maladies bulleuses auto-immunes, Department of Dermatology, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, INSERM U1234, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Balayé
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Catherine Prost-Squarcioni
- Centre de référence des maladies bulleuses auto-immunes, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Dermatology, University of Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - Estelle Houivet
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Sé Bastien Calbo
- Centre de référence des maladies bulleuses auto-immunes, Department of Dermatology, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, INSERM U1234, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno Labeille
- Department of Dermatology, University of Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | | | | | - Guillaume Chaby
- Department of Dermatology, University of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Marie-Aleth Richard
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Department of Dermatology, Aix Marseille University, UMR 911, INSERM CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-David Bouaziz
- Department of Dermatology, St Louis Hospital, Paris 7 Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Frédéric Caux
- Centre de référence des maladies bulleuses auto-immunes, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Dermatology, University of Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - Marina Alexandre
- Centre de référence des maladies bulleuses auto-immunes, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Dermatology, University of Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - Saskia Ingen-Housz-Oro
- Department of Dermatology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Pierre Vabres
- Department of Dermatology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Gaëlle Quereux
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Alain Dupuy
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sébastien Debarbieux
- Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, Lyon, France
| | | | - Michel D'Incan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Nathalie Bénéton
- Department of Dermatology, Le Mans General Hospital, Le Mans, France
| | - Denis Jullien
- Department of Dermatology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Dupin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Paris V, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Misery
- Department of Dermatology, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Laurent Machet
- Department of Dermatology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | | | - Olivier Dereure
- Department of Dermatology, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Sassolas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Jacques Benichou
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Pascal Joly
- Centre de référence des maladies bulleuses auto-immunes, Department of Dermatology, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, INSERM U1234, Rouen, France
| | - Vivien Hébert
- Centre de référence des maladies bulleuses auto-immunes, Department of Dermatology, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, INSERM U1234, Rouen, France
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