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Li Pomi F, Papa V, Borgia F, Vaccaro M, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Artificial Intelligence: A Snapshot of Its Application in Chronic Inflammatory and Autoimmune Skin Diseases. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:516. [PMID: 38672786 PMCID: PMC11051135 DOI: 10.3390/life14040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Immuno-correlated dermatological pathologies refer to skin disorders that are closely associated with immune system dysfunction or abnormal immune responses. Advancements in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) have shown promise in enhancing the diagnosis, management, and assessment of immuno-correlated dermatological pathologies. This intersection of dermatology and immunology plays a pivotal role in comprehending and addressing complex skin disorders with immune system involvement. The paper explores the knowledge known so far and the evolution and achievements of AI in diagnosis; discusses segmentation and the classification of medical images; and reviews existing challenges, in immunological-related skin diseases. From our review, the role of AI has emerged, especially in the analysis of images for both diagnostic and severity assessment purposes. Furthermore, the possibility of predicting patients' response to therapies is emerging, in order to create tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Li Pomi
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Papa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.P.); (S.G.)
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Dainichi T, Iwata M, Kaku Y. Alopecia areata: What's new in the diagnosis and treatment with JAK inhibitors? J Dermatol 2024; 51:196-209. [PMID: 38087654 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) affects individuals of all ages and is intractable in severe relapsing cases. Dermatologists and other healthcare providers should consider AA in the medical context and prioritize treatment. Several randomized controlled clinical studies on Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors with different specificities for the treatment of AA are ongoing. These studies have encouraged us to appreciate the importance of a definitive diagnosis and accurate evaluation of AA before and during treatment. Following our previous review article in 2017, here we provide the second part of this two-review series on the recent progress in the multidisciplinary approaches to AA from more than 1800 articles published between July 2016 and December 2022. This review focuses on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of AA. We also provide the latest information on the safety and efficacy of JAK inhibitors for the treatment of AA and describe their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Dainichi
- Department of Dermatology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan
| | - Masashi Iwata
- Department of Dermatology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan
| | - Yo Kaku
- Department of Dermatology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Kim J, Lee C, Choi S, Sung DI, Seo J, Na Lee Y, Hee Lee J, Jin Han E, Young Kim A, Suk Park H, Jeong Jung H, Hoon Kim J, Hee Lee J. Augmented Decision-Making in wound Care: Evaluating the clinical utility of a Deep-Learning model for pressure injury staging. Int J Med Inform 2023; 180:105266. [PMID: 37866277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precise categorization of pressure injury (PI) stages is critical in determining the appropriate treatment for wound care. However, the expertise necessary for PI staging is frequently unavailable in residential care settings. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for classifying PIs and investigate whether its implementation can allow physicians to make better decisions for PI staging. METHODS Using 3,098 clinical images (2,614 and 484 from internal and external datasets, respectively), a CNN was trained and validated to classify PIs and other related dermatoses. A two-part survey was conducted with 24 dermatology residents, ward nurses, and medical students to determine whether the implementation of the CNN improved initial PI classification decisions. RESULTS The top-1 accuracy of the model was 0.793 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.778-0.808) and 0.717 (95% CI, 0.676-0.758) over the internal and external testing sets, respectively. The accuracy of PI staging among participants was 0.501 (95% CI, 0.487-0.515) in Part I, improving by 17.1% to 0.672 (95% CI, 0.660-0.684) in Part II. Furthermore, the concordance between participants increased significantly with the use of the CNN model, with Fleiss' κ of 0.414 (95% CI, 0.410-0.417) and 0.641 (95% CI, 0.638-0.644) in Parts I and II, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The proposed CNN model can help classify PIs and relevant dermatoses. In addition, augmented decision-making can improve consultation accuracy while ensuring concordance between the clinical decisions made by a diverse group of health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemin Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyoon Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchul Choi
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-In Sung
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonga Seo
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Na Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Han
- Department of Nursing, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Kim
- Department of Nursing, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Park
- Department of Nursing, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Jung
- Department of Nursing, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim J, Oh I, Lee YN, Lee JH, Lee YI, Kim J, Lee JH. Predicting the severity of postoperative scars using artificial intelligence based on images and clinical data. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13448. [PMID: 37596459 PMCID: PMC10439171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of scar severity is crucial for determining proper treatment modalities; however, there is no gold standard for assessing scars. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an artificial intelligence model using images and clinical data to predict the severity of postoperative scars. Deep neural network models were trained and validated using images and clinical data from 1283 patients (main dataset: 1043; external dataset: 240) with post-thyroidectomy scars. Additionally, the performance of the model was tested against 16 dermatologists. In the internal test set, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) of the image-based model was 0.931 (95% confidence interval 0.910‒0.949), which increased to 0.938 (0.916‒0.955) when combined with clinical data. In the external test set, the ROC-AUC of the image-based and combined prediction models were 0.896 (0.874‒0.916) and 0.912 (0.892‒0.932), respectively. In addition, the performance of the tested algorithm with images from the internal test set was comparable with that of 16 dermatologists. This study revealed that a deep neural network model derived from image and clinical data could predict the severity of postoperative scars. The proposed model may be utilized in clinical practice for scar management, especially for determining severity and treatment initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemin Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inrok Oh
- LG Chem Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Na Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young In Lee
- Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Gudobba C, Mane T, Bayramova A, Rodriguez N, Castelo-Soccio L, Ogunleye TA, Taylor SC, Cotsarelis G, Bernardis E. Automating Hair Loss Labels for Universally Scoring Alopecia From Images: Rethinking Alopecia Scores. JAMA Dermatol 2023; 159:143-150. [PMID: 36515962 PMCID: PMC9857252 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.5415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance Clinical estimation of hair density has an important role in assessing and tracking the severity and progression of alopecia, yet to the authors' knowledge, no automation currently exists for this process. While some algorithms have been developed to assess alopecia presence on a binary level, their scope has been limited by focusing on a re-creation of the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score for alopecia areata (AA). Yet hair density loss is common to all alopecia forms, and an evaluation of that loss is used in established scoring systems for androgenetic alopecia (AGA), central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA), and many more. Objective To develop and validate a new model, HairComb, to automatically compute the percentage hair loss from images regardless of alopecia subtype. Design, Setting, and Participants In this research study to create a new algorithmic quantification system for all hair loss, computational imaging analysis and algorithm design using retrospective image data collection were performed. This was a multicenter study, where images were collected at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania (Penn), and via a Penn Dermatology web interface. Images were collected from 2015 to 2021, and they were analyzed from 2019 to 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures Scoring systems correlation analysis was measured by linear and logarithmic regressions. Algorithm performance was evaluated using image segmentation accuracy, density probability regression error, and average percentage hair loss error for labeled images, and Pearson correlation for manual scores. Results There were 404 participants aged 2 years and older that were used for designing and validating HairComb. Scoring systems correlation analysis was performed for 250 participants (70.4% female; mean age, 35.3 years): 75 AGA, 66 AA, 50 CCCA, 27 other alopecia diagnoses (frontal fibrosing alopecia, lichen planopilaris, telogen effluvium, etc), and 32 unaffected scalps without alopecia. Scoring systems showed strong correlations with underlying percentage hair loss, with coefficient of determination R2 values of 0.793 and 0.804 with respect to log of percentage hair loss. Using HairComb, 92% accuracy, 5% regression error, 7% hair loss difference, and predicted scores with errors comparable to annotators were achieved. Conclusions and Relevance In this research study,it is shown that an algorithm quantitating percentage hair loss may be applied to all forms of alopecia. A generalizable automated assessment of hair loss would provide a way to standardize measurements of hair loss across a range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Gudobba
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Tejas Mane
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Aylar Bayramova
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Natalia Rodriguez
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Leslie Castelo-Soccio
- Section of Dermatology, Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Temitayo A Ogunleye
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Susan C Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - George Cotsarelis
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Elena Bernardis
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Gao M, Wang Y, Xu H, Xu C, Yang X, Nie J, Zhang Z, Li Z, Hou W, Jiang Y. Deep Learning-based Trichoscopic Image Analysis and Quantitative Model for Predicting Basic and Specific Classification in Male Androgenetic Alopecia. Acta Derm Venereol 2022; 102:adv00635. [PMID: 34935989 PMCID: PMC9631273 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v101.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the results of basic and specific classification in male androgenetic alopecia are subjective, and trichoscopic data, such as hair density and diameter distribution, are potential quantitative indicators, the aim of this study was to develop a deep learning framework for automatic trichoscopic image analysis and a quantitative model for predicting basic and specific classification in male androgenetic alopecia. A total of 2,910 trichoscopic images were collected and a deep learning framework was created on convolutional neural networks. Based on the trichoscopic data provided by the framework, correlations with basic and specific classification were analysed and a quantitative model was developed for predicting basic and specific classification using multiple ordinal logistic regression. A deep learning framework that can accurately analyse hair density and diameter distribution on trichoscopic images and a quantitative model for predicting basic and specific classification in male androgenetic alopecia were established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- Institute of Dermatology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Hou
- Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #12 Jiangwangmiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yiqun Jiang
- Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #12 Jiangwangmiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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GAN-Based ROI Image Translation Method for Predicting Image after Hair Transplant Surgery. ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics10243066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new deep learning-based image translation method to predict and generate images after hair transplant surgery from images before hair transplant surgery. Since existing image translation models use a naive strategy that trains the whole distribution of translation, the image translation models using the original image as the input data result in converting not only the hair transplant surgery region, which is the region of interest (ROI) for image translation, but also the other image regions, which are not the ROI. To solve this problem, we proposed a novel generative adversarial network (GAN)-based ROI image translation method, which converts only the ROI and retains the image for the non-ROI. Specifically, by performing image translation and image segmentation independently, the proposed method generates predictive images from the distribution of images after hair transplant surgery and specifies the ROI to be used for generated images. In addition, by applying the ensemble method to image segmentation, we propose a more robust method through complementing the shortages of various image segmentation models. From the experimental results using a real medical image dataset, e.g., 1394 images before hair transplantation and 896 images after hair transplantation, to train the GAN model, we show that the proposed GAN-based ROI image translation method performed better than the other GAN-based image translation methods, e.g., by 23% in SSIM (Structural Similarity Index Measure), 452% in IoU (Intersection over Union), and 42% in FID (Frechet Inception Distance), on average. Furthermore, the ensemble method that we propose not only improves ROI detection performance but also shows consistent performances in generating better predictive images from preoperative images taken from diverse angles.
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Daneshjou R, Smith MP, Sun MD, Rotemberg V, Zou J. Lack of Transparency and Potential Bias in Artificial Intelligence Data Sets and Algorithms: A Scoping Review. JAMA Dermatol 2021; 157:1362-1369. [PMID: 34550305 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Clinical artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have the potential to improve clinical care, but fair, generalizable algorithms depend on the clinical data on which they are trained and tested. Objective To assess whether data sets used for training diagnostic AI algorithms addressing skin disease are adequately described and to identify potential sources of bias in these data sets. Data Sources In this scoping review, PubMed was used to search for peer-reviewed research articles published between January 1, 2015, and November 1, 2020, with the following paired search terms: deep learning and dermatology, artificial intelligence and dermatology, deep learning and dermatologist, and artificial intelligence and dermatologist. Study Selection Studies that developed or tested an existing deep learning algorithm for triage, diagnosis, or monitoring using clinical or dermoscopic images of skin disease were selected, and the articles were independently reviewed by 2 investigators to verify that they met selection criteria. Consensus Process Data set audit criteria were determined by consensus of all authors after reviewing existing literature to highlight data set transparency and sources of bias. Results A total of 70 unique studies were included. Among these studies, 1 065 291 images were used to develop or test AI algorithms, of which only 257 372 (24.2%) were publicly available. Only 14 studies (20.0%) included descriptions of patient ethnicity or race in at least 1 data set used. Only 7 studies (10.0%) included any information about skin tone in at least 1 data set used. Thirty-six of the 56 studies developing new AI algorithms for cutaneous malignant neoplasms (64.3%) met the gold standard criteria for disease labeling. Public data sets were cited more often than private data sets, suggesting that public data sets contribute more to new development and benchmarks. Conclusions and Relevance This scoping review identified 3 issues in data sets that are used to develop and test clinical AI algorithms for skin disease that should be addressed before clinical translation: (1) sparsity of data set characterization and lack of transparency, (2) nonstandard and unverified disease labels, and (3) inability to fully assess patient diversity used for algorithm development and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Daneshjou
- Stanford Department of Dermatology, Stanford School of Medicine, Redwood City, California.,Stanford Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mary P Smith
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mary D Sun
- currently a medical student at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Veronica Rotemberg
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James Zou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California
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Gupta AK, Ivanova IA, Renaud HJ. How good is artificial intelligence (AI) at solving hairy problems? A review of AI applications in hair restoration and hair disorders. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e14811. [PMID: 33496058 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in medicine are rapidly evolving. Deep learning diagnostic models that can accurately classify skin lesions have been developed. New AI applications are also starting to emerge in the hair restoration field. The objective was to review the current and future clinical applications of AI in hair restoration and hair disorder diagnosis. Current AI applications in hair restoration include fully automated systems for hair detection and hair growth measurement. New deep learning-based systems have been proposed for scalp diagnosis and automated hair loss measurements, including devices that can be used for self-diagnosis. Hair restoration experts should recognize the potential benefits and limitations of these emerging technologies as they become more readily available to both clinicians and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K Gupta
- Mediprobe Research Inc., London, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Canada
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