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Khan S, Wolin KY, Pakpahan R, Grubb RL, Colditz GA, Ragard L, Mabie J, Breyer BN, Andriole GL, Sutcliffe S. Body size throughout the life-course and incident benign prostatic hyperplasia-related outcomes and nocturia. BMC Urol 2021; 21:47. [PMID: 33773592 PMCID: PMC8005244 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing evidence suggests that there is an association between body size and prevalent Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)-related outcomes and nocturia. However, there is limited evidence on the association between body size throughout the life-course and incident BPH-related outcomes. METHODS Our study population consisted of men without histories of prostate cancer, BPH-related outcomes, or nocturia in the intervention arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) (n = 4710). Associations for body size in early- (age 20), mid- (age 50) and late-life (age ≥ 55, mean age 60.7 years) and weight change with incident BPH-related outcomes (including self-reported nocturia and physician diagnosis of BPH, digital rectal examination-estimated prostate volume ≥ 30 cc, and prostate-specific antigen [PSA] concentration > 1.4 ng/mL) were examined using Poisson regression with robust variance estimation. RESULTS Men who were obese in late-life were 25% more likely to report nocturia (Relative Risk (RR): 1.25, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.11-1.40; p-trendfor continuous BMI < 0.0001) and men who were either overweight or obese in late-life were more likely to report a prostate volume ≥ 30 cc (RRoverweight: 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.21; RRobese: 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.19; p-trendfor continuous BMI = 0.017) as compared to normal weight men. Obesity at ages 20 and 50 was similarly associated with both nocturia and prostate volume ≥ 30 cc. Considering trajectories of body size, men who were normal weight at age 20 and became overweight or obese by later-life had increased risks of nocturia (RRnormal to overweight: 1.09, 95% CI 0.98-1.22; RRnormal to obese: 1.28, 95% CI 1.10-1.47) and a prostate volume ≥ 30 cc (RRnormal to overweight: 1.12, 95% CI 1.05-1.20). Too few men were obese early in life to examine the independent effect of early-life body size. Later-life body size modified the association between physical activity and nocturia. CONCLUSIONS We found that later-life body size, independent of early-life body size, was associated with adverse BPH outcomes, suggesting that interventions to reduce body size even late in life can potentially reduce the burden of BPH-related outcomes and nocturia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Khan
- Epidemiology Program, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, 100 Discovery Blvd., 7th floor, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
| | - K Y Wolin
- Coeus Health, 222 W Merchandise Mart Plaza, Chicago, IL, 60654, USA
| | - R Pakpahan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8100, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - R L Grubb
- Department of Urology, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - G A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8100, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - L Ragard
- Westat, 1600 Research Blvd, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - J Mabie
- Information Management Services, Inc., 1455 Research Blvd, Suite 315 , Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - B N Breyer
- Departments of Urology and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California - San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Ave # 610, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - G L Andriole
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 4921 Parkway Place, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - S Sutcliffe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8100, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Krishnan A, Finkelstein EA, Levine E, Foley P, Askew S, Steinberg D, Bennett GG. A Digital Behavioral Weight Gain Prevention Intervention in Primary Care Practice: Cost and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e12201. [PMID: 31102373 PMCID: PMC6543798 DOI: 10.2196/12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is one of the largest drivers of health care spending but nearly half of the population with obesity demonstrate suboptimal readiness for weight loss treatment. Black women are disproportionately likely to have both obesity and limited weight loss readiness. However, they have been shown to be receptive to strategies that prevent weight gain. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the costs and cost-effectiveness of a digital weight gain prevention intervention (Shape) for black women. Shape consisted of adaptive telephone-based coaching by health system personnel, a tailored skills training curriculum, and patient self-monitoring delivered via a fully automated interactive voice response system. Methods A cost and cost-effectiveness analysis based on a randomized clinical trial of the Shape intervention was conducted from the payer perspective. Costs included those of delivering the program to 91 intervention participants in the trial and were summarized by program elements: self-monitoring, skills training, coaching, and administration. Effectiveness was measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The primary outcome was the incremental cost per QALY of Shape relative to usual care. Results Shape cost an average of US $758 per participant. The base-case model in which quality of life benefits decay linearly to zero 5 years post intervention cessation, generated an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US $55,264 per QALY. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses suggest an ICER below US $50,000 per QALY and US $100,000 per QALY in 39% and 98% of simulations, respectively. Results are highly sensitive to durability of benefits, rising to US $165,730 if benefits end 6 months post intervention. Conclusions Results suggest that the Shape intervention is cost-effective based on established benchmarks, indicating that it can be a part of a successful strategy to address the nation’s growing obesity epidemic in low-income at-risk communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Krishnan
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Andrew Finkelstein
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erica Levine
- Duke Global Digital Health Science Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Perry Foley
- Duke Global Digital Health Science Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sandy Askew
- Duke Global Digital Health Science Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Dori Steinberg
- Duke Global Digital Health Science Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gary G Bennett
- Duke Global Digital Health Science Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Sturgiss EA, Elmitt N, Haesler E, van Weel C, Douglas KA. Role of the family doctor in the management of adults with obesity: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019367. [PMID: 29453301 PMCID: PMC5829928 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity management is an important issue for the international primary care community. This scoping review examines the literature describing the role of the family doctor in managing adults with obesity. The methods were prospectively published and followed Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. SETTING Primary care. Adult patients. INCLUDED PAPERS Peer-reviewed and grey literature with the keywords obesity, primary care and family doctors. All literature published up to September 2015. 3294 non-duplicate papers were identified and 225 articles included after full-text review. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Data were extracted on the family doctors' involvement in different aspects of management, and whether whole person and person-centred care were explicitly mentioned. RESULTS 110 papers described interventions in primary care and family doctors were always involved in diagnosing obesity and often in recruitment of participants. A clear description of the provider involved in an intervention was often lacking. It was difficult to determine if interventions took account of whole person and person-centredness. Most opinion papers and clinical overviews described an extensive role for the family doctor in management; in contrast, research on current practices depicted obesity as undermanaged by family doctors. International guidelines varied in their description of the role of the family doctor with a more extensive role suggested by guidelines from family medicine organisations. CONCLUSIONS There is a disconnect between how family doctors are involved in primary care interventions, the message in clinical overviews and opinion papers, and observed current practice of family doctors. The role of family doctors in international guidelines for obesity may reflect the strength of primary care in the originating health system. Reporting of primary care interventions could be improved by enhanced descriptions of the providers involved and explanation of how the pillars of primary care are used in intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Sturgiss
- Academic Unit of General Practice, Australian Nation University Medical School, Canberra, Australia
| | - Nicholas Elmitt
- Academic Unit of General Practice, Australian Nation University Medical School, Canberra, Australia
| | - Emily Haesler
- Academic Unit of General Practice, Australian Nation University Medical School, Canberra, Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris van Weel
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kirsty A Douglas
- Academic Unit of General Practice, Australian Nation University Medical School, Canberra, Australia
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