Longitudinal Sleep Patterns and Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults

Sleep quality associate with the increased prevalence of cognitive impairment in coronary artery disease patients: A retrospective case-control study

Background

The pathogenesis of cognitive impairment (CI) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients is still unclear and numerous influence factors could affect the CI status. The current studies suggest that sleep quality and behavior pattern are significant influence factors associated with CAD susceptibility.

Methods

A total of 223 participants including 90 CAD patients with CI and 133 controls were enrolled into this retrospective study. Demographic information, laboratory test results, clinical diagnostic data, and questionnaire survey were collected to recognize the influencing factors of CI in CAD patients. Appropriate statistical methods are used to analyze these collected data.

Results

Univariate analysis results of demographic information, laboratory test results, and questionnaire survey data revealed that the differences in fatigue symptom, age, HDL, TG, and sleep quality were statistically significant (p = 0.006, p = 0.000, p = 0.019, p = 0.028, and p = 0.037, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, fatigue, and sleep quality were the influence factors for CI in CAD population (p = 0.000, p = 0.035, and p = 0.017).

Conclusions

Sleep quality, fatigue, and age were associated with the increased susceptibility of CI in CAD patients. Both CI state and its related factors were involved in the pathological process of CAD, these findings could offer additional information for the prevention and control of CAD.

Enhancing Brain Health and Well-Being in Older Adults: Innovations in Lifestyle Interventions

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article will provide clinicians with guidance on helping older adult patients make lifestyle changes to enhance brain health and well-being.

RECENT FINDINGS

Evidence suggests that physical activity might be helpful in improving cognitive functioning. The data on the benefits of cognitive activity is inconsistent and not as robust. The MediDiet, DASH, and MIND diets have been associated with better cognitive health. Sleep hygiene and cognitive behavioral therapies are considered first line evidence-based treatments for insomnia and the maintenance of healthy sleep patterns. Mindfulness based interventions have been shown to reduce anxiety, depression, and stress, and can help some older adults manage pain more constructively. Evidence-based information regarding the four topics of exercise, nutrition, sleep, and mindfulness is reviewed, so that clinicians may be better able to optimize care for their older adult patients.

Five-year changes in 24-hour sleep-wake activity and dementia risk in oldest old women

INTRODUCTION

Sleep disruptions are associated with cognitive aging in older adults. However, it is unclear whether longitudinal changes in 24-hour multidimensional sleep-wake activity are linked to cognitive impairment in the oldest old.

METHODS

We studied 733 cognitively unimpaired women (mean age=82.5±2.9 years) who completed two actigraphy assessments over five years. We performed hierarchical clustering on principal components in nine sleep, napping, and circadian rest-activity rhythm parameters to identify multidimensional sleep-wake change profiles and multinomial logistic regression to evaluate the associations between sleep-wake changes and risk of cognitive impairment at follow-up.

RESULTS

We identified three sleep-wake change profiles: Stable Sleep (43.8%), Declining Nighttime Sleep (34.9%), and Increasing Sleepiness (21.3%). After adjustment for demographics and comorbidities, women with Increasing Sleepiness had approximately doubled (odds ratio=2.21, p=0.018) risk of dementia compared to those with Stable Sleep.

DISCUSSION

Increasing sleepiness may be an independent marker or risk factor for dementia in oldest old women.

Distinguishable neural circuit mechanisms associated with the clinical efficacy of rTMS in aMCI patients

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is used in early-stage Alzheimer's disease to slow progression, but heterogeneity in response results in different treatment outcomes. The mechanisms underlying this heterogeneity are unclear. This study used resting-state neuroimaging to investigate the variability in episodic memory improvement from angular gyrus repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and tracked the neural circuits involved. Thirty-four amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients underwent angular gyrus repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (4 weeks, 20 Hz, 100% resting motor threshold) and were divided into high-response and low-response groups based on minimal clinically important differences in auditory verbal learning test scores. Baseline and pre/post-treatment neural circuit activities were compared. Results indicated that the orbital middle frontal gyrus in the orbitofrontal cortex network and the precuneus in the default mode network had higher local activity in the low-response group. After treatment, changes in local and remote connectivity within brain regions of the orbitofrontal cortex, default mode network, visual network, and sensorimotor network showed opposite trends and were related to treatment effects. This suggests that the activity states of brain regions within the orbitofrontal cortex and default mode network could serve as imaging markers for early cognitive compensation in amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients and predict the aftereffects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation response.

Anti-Inflammatory Diet and Protein-Enriched Diet Can Reduce the Risk of Cognitive Impairment among Older Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Research

BACKGROUND

Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common mental health disorder among older adults, and dietary patterns have an impact on cognitive function. However, no systematic researches have constructed anti-inflammatory diet (AID) and protein-enriched diet (PED) to explore their association with CI among older adults in China.

METHODS

The data used in this study were obtained from the 2018 waves of the China Longitudinal Health and Longevity Survey (CLHLS). We construct AID, PED, and calculate scores for CI. We use binary logistic regression to explore the relationship between them, and use restrictive cubic splines to determine whether the relationships are non-linear. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to demonstrate the robustness of the results.

RESULTS

A total of 8692 participants (mean age is 83.53 years) were included in the analysis. We found that participants with a higher AID (OR = 0.789, 95% confidence interval: 0.740-0.842, p < 0.001) and PED (OR = 0.910, 95% confidence interval: 0.866-0.956, p < 0.001) score showed lower odds of suffering from CI. Besides, the relationship between the two dietary patterns and CI is linear, and the results of subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis are also significant.

CONCLUSION

Higher intakes of AID and PED are associated with a lower risk of CI among older adults, which has important implications for future prevention and control of CI from a dietary and nutritional perspective.