1
|
Modi ND, Swain SM, Buyse M, Kuderer NM, Rowland A, Rockhold FW, Sorich MJ, Hopkins AM. Clinical Study Report and Individual Participant Data Transparency for US Food and Drug Administration-Approved Anticancer Drugs: A Call for Systematic Data Availability. J Clin Oncol 2024:JCO2400539. [PMID: 38917375 DOI: 10.1200/jco.24.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Unlocking the full potential of clinical trials through comprehensive CSR and IPD sharing can revolutionize cancer care, enhance safety evaluations, and reduce bias in systematic reviews. It is time for all stakeholders to embrace transparency and advance patient-centered outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natansh D Modi
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sandra M Swain
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, MedStar Health, Washington, DC
| | - Marc Buyse
- International Drug Development Institute (IDDI) and Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Andrew Rowland
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Frank W Rockhold
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Michael J Sorich
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang J, Liu Y, Thabane L, Li J, Bai X, Li L, Lip GYH, Sun X, Xia M, Van Spall HGC, Li G. Journal requirement for data sharing statements in clinical trials: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Epidemiol 2024; 172:111405. [PMID: 38838963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Data sharing statements are considered routine in clinical trial reporting and represent a step toward data transparency. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) required clinical trials to publish data sharing statements. We aimed to assess the requirement for data sharing statements of individual participant data by biomedical journals and explore associations between journal characteristics and journal requirements for data sharing statements. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING In this cross-sectional study, we included all biomedical journals that published clinical trials from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2022, and that were indexed by the Journal Citation Reports. The study outcome was the journal requirement for data sharing statements. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between journal characteristics and requirement for data sharing statements. RESULTS Of the 3229 biomedical journals included in the analysis, 2345 (72.6%) required authors to include data sharing statements. Journals published in the UK (OR, 3.19 [95% CI, 2.43-4.22]) and endorsing the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (OR, 3.30 [95% CI, 2.78-3.92]) had greater odds of requiring data sharing statements. Journals that were open access, non-English language, in the Journal Citation Reports group of clinical medicine, and on the ICMJE list had lower odds of requiring data sharing statements, with ORs ranging from 0.18 to 0.81. CONCLUSION Despite ICMJE recommendations, more than 27% of the biomedical journals that published clinical trials did not require clinical trials to include data sharing statements, highlighting room for improved transparency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhang
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingxin Liu
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xuerui Bai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Likang Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Xin Sun
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine and Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center and Cochrane China Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Real World Data Research and Evaluation in Hainan, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Center of Technology Innovation for Real World Data, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Harriette G C Van Spall
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Guowei Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dal-Ré R. Is full transparency in clinical trials an achievable goal? Eur J Intern Med 2024; 123:1-3. [PMID: 38461061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Dal-Ré
- Epidemiology Unit, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li LX, Socinski MA, Kichenadasse G, Karapetis CS, Shahnam A, McKinnon RA, Rowland A, Hopkins AM, Sorich MJ. A lack of association between BMI and chemoimmunotherapy efficacy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Secondary analysis of the IMpower150 and IMpower130 clinical trials. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:379. [PMID: 38528478 PMCID: PMC10964615 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have indicated that patients with high body mass index (BMI) may have favourable survival outcomes following treatment with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). However, this evidence is limited by several factors, notably the minimal evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs), the use of categorised BMI with inconsistent cut point definitions, and minimal investigation of contemporary combination ICI therapy. Moreover, whether overweight and obese patients gain a larger benefit from contemporary frontline chemoimmunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. METHODS This secondary analysis pooled individual patient data from the intention-to-treat population of the IMpower130 and IMpower150 RCTs comparing chemoimmunotherapy versus chemotherapy. Co-primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The potentially non-linear relationship between BMI and chemoimmunotherapy treatment effect was evaluated using Multivariable Fractional Polynomial Interaction (MFPI). As a sensitivity analysis, chemoimmunotherapy treatment effect (chemoimmunotherapy versus chemotherapy) on survival was also estimated for each BMI subgroup defined by World Health Organisation classification. Exploratory analyses in the respective chemoimmunotherapy and chemotherapy cohort were undertaken to examine the survival outcomes among BMI subgroups. RESULTS A total of 1282 patients were included. From the MFPI analysis, BMI was not significantly associated with chemoimmunotherapy treatment effect with respect to either OS (p = 0.71) or PFS (p = 0.35). This was supported by the sensitivity analyses that demonstrated no significant treatment effect improvement in OS/PFS among overweight or obese patients compared to normal weight patients (OS: normal BMI HR = 0.74 95% CI 0.59-0.93, overweight HR = 0.78 95% CI 0.61-1.01, obese HR = 0.84 95% CI 0.59-1.20). Exploratory analyses further highlighted that survival outcomes were not significantly different across BMI subgroups in either the chemoimmunotherapy therapy cohort (Median OS: normal BMI 19.9 months, overweight 17.9 months, and obese 19.5 months, p = 0.7) or the chemotherapy cohort (Median OS: normal 14.1 months, overweight 15.9 months, and obese 16.7 months, p = 0.7). CONCLUSION There was no association between high BMI (overweight or obese individuals) and enhanced chemoimmunotherapy treatment benefit in front-line treatment of advanced non-squamous NSCLC. This contrasts with previous publications that showed a superior treatment benefit in overweight and obese patients treated with immunotherapy given without chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee X Li
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | | | - Ganessan Kichenadasse
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christos S Karapetis
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Adel Shahnam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ross A McKinnon
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew Rowland
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael J Sorich
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shahnam A, Hitchen N, Nindra U, Manoharan S, Desai J, Tran B, Solomon B, Luen SJ, Hui R, Hopkins AM, Sorich MJ. Objective response rate and progression-free survival as surrogates for overall survival treatment effect: A meta-analysis across diverse tumour groups and contemporary therapies. Eur J Cancer 2024; 198:113503. [PMID: 38134560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.113503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overall survival (OS) results from randomized control trials (RCT) provide the strongest evidence for efficacy of anti-cancer treatments but can take a considerable amount of time to mature. Progression free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) are used as an early surrogate of OS treatment effect however their validity remains unclear. Our study aims to comprehensively evaluate ORR and PFS as surrogates for OS treatment effect across tumor groups and treatment types. MATERIAL AND METHODS Phase 3 RCTs in solid malignancies that reported OS/PFS and ORR published between 1st of January 2010 and 30th of June 2022 were evaluated. The relationship of surrogate endpoints and OS treatment effect was assessed via weighted linear regression. The coefficient of determination (R2) quantified the fit of the regression model. RESULTS 675 phase 3 RCT comprising of 350 112 patients were analysed. ORR (R2 of 0.10) and PFS (R2 of 0.38) were poor surrogate markers of OS treatment effect. The strength of surrogacy differed within treatment and tumour groups. PFS had the highest R2 for chemotherapy (0.56) and lowest for targeted therapy (0.40). PFS had the highest level of surrogacy for melanoma (R2 = 0.72) and pancreatic cancer (R2 = 0.70) compared to other tumour groups. Importantly ORR and PFS were also poorly correlated to each other (R2 = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS ORR and PFS were poor trial-level surrogate markers of OS. The surrogacy performance of ORR and PFS differed by treatment and malignancy sub-type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Shahnam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Nadia Hitchen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Udit Nindra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sathya Manoharan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jayesh Desai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ben Tran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin Solomon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J Luen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rina Hui
- The Centre of Cancer Medicine, University Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael J Sorich
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Modi ND, Kichenadasse G, Hoffmann TC, Haseloff M, Logan JM, Veroniki AA, Venchiarutti RL, Smit AK, Tuffaha H, Jayasekara H, Manning-Bennet A, Morton E, McKinnon RA, Rowland A, Sorich MJ, Hopkins AM. A 10-year update to the principles for clinical trial data sharing by pharmaceutical companies: perspectives based on a decade of literature and policies. BMC Med 2023; 21:400. [PMID: 37872545 PMCID: PMC10594907 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Data sharing is essential for promoting scientific discoveries and informed decision-making in clinical practice. In 2013, PhRMA/EFPIA recognised the importance of data sharing and supported initiatives to enhance clinical trial data transparency and promote scientific advancements. However, despite these commitments, recent investigations indicate significant scope for improvements in data sharing by the pharmaceutical industry. Drawing on a decade of literature and policy developments, this article presents perspectives from a multidisciplinary team of researchers, clinicians, and consumers. The focus is on policy and process updates to the PhRMA/EFPIA 2013 data sharing commitments, aiming to enhance the sharing and accessibility of participant-level data, clinical study reports, protocols, statistical analysis plans, lay summaries, and result publications from pharmaceutical industry-sponsored trials. The proposed updates provide clear recommendations regarding which data should be shared, when it should be shared, and under what conditions. The suggested improvements aim to develop a data sharing ecosystem that supports science and patient-centred care. Good data sharing principles require resources, time, and commitment. Notwithstanding these challenges, enhancing data sharing is necessary for efficient resource utilization, increased scientific collaboration, and better decision-making for patients and healthcare professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natansh D Modi
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ganessan Kichenadasse
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tammy C Hoffmann
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Areti A Veroniki
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Venchiarutti
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amelia K Smit
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, A Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Haitham Tuffaha
- Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Harindra Jayasekara
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Erin Morton
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ross A McKinnon
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew Rowland
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael J Sorich
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|