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Locantore P, Paragliola RM, Cera G, Novizio R, Maggio E, Ramunno V, Corsello A, Corsello SM. Genetic Basis of ACTH-Secreting Adenomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126824. [PMID: 35743266 PMCID: PMC9224284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cushing's disease represents 60-70% of all cases of Cushing's syndrome, presenting with a constellation of clinical features associated with sustained hypercortisolism. Molecular alterations in corticotrope cells lead to the formation of ACTH-secreting adenomas, with subsequent excessive production of endogenous glucocorticoids. In the last few years, many authors have contributed to analyzing the etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of corticotrope adenomas, which still need to be fully clarified. New molecular modifications such as somatic mutations of USP8 and other genes have been identified, and several case series and case reports have been published, highlighting new molecular alterations that need to be explored. To investigate the current knowledge of the genetics of ACTH-secreting adenomas, we performed a bibliographic search of the recent scientific literature to identify all pertinent articles. This review presents the most recent updates on somatic and germline mutations underlying Cushing's disease. The prognostic implications of these mutations, in terms of clinical outcomes and therapeutic scenarios, are still debated. Further research is needed to define the clinical features associated with the different genotypes and potential pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Locantore
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore—Fondazione Policlinico “Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (G.C.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (V.R.); (A.C.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Rosa Maria Paragliola
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore—Fondazione Policlinico “Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (G.C.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (V.R.); (A.C.); (S.M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gianluca Cera
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore—Fondazione Policlinico “Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (G.C.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (V.R.); (A.C.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Roberto Novizio
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore—Fondazione Policlinico “Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (G.C.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (V.R.); (A.C.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Ettore Maggio
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore—Fondazione Policlinico “Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (G.C.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (V.R.); (A.C.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Vittoria Ramunno
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore—Fondazione Policlinico “Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (G.C.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (V.R.); (A.C.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Andrea Corsello
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore—Fondazione Policlinico “Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (G.C.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (V.R.); (A.C.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Salvatore Maria Corsello
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore—Fondazione Policlinico “Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (G.C.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (V.R.); (A.C.); (S.M.C.)
- Unicamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Medical Sciences, via di S. Alessandro 10, I-00131 Rome, Italy
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