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Kawamura R, Inagaki H, Yamada M, Suzuki F, Naru Y, Kurahashi H. A Turner syndrome case associated with dic(Y;22). Mol Cytogenet 2021; 14:34. [PMID: 34238329 PMCID: PMC8264959 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-021-00556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Constitutional telomeric associations are very rare events and the mechanism underlying their development is not well understood. Case presentation We here describe a female case of Turner syndrome with a 45,X,add(22)(p11.2)[25]/45,X[5]. We reconfirmed this karyotype by FISH analysis as 45,X,dic(Y;22)(p11.3;p11.2)[28]/45,X[2].ish dic(Y;22)(SRY+,DYZ1+). A possible mechanism underlying this mosaicism was a loss of dic(Y;22) followed by a monosomy rescue of chromosome 22. However, SNP microarray analysis revealed no loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in chromosome 22, although a mosaic pattern of LOH was clearly detectable at the pseudoautosomal regions of the sex chromosomes. Conclusions Our results suggest that the separation of the dicentric chromosome at the junction resulted in a loss of chromosome Y without a loss of chromosome 22, leading to this patient’s unique mosaicism. Although telomere signals were not detected by FISH at the junction, it is likely that the original dic(Y;22) chromosome was generated by unstable telomeric associations. We propose a novel “pulled apart” mechanism as the process underlying this mosaicism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13039-021-00556-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kawamura
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake-shi, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hidehito Inagaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake-shi, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Midori Yamada
- Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Pediatrics, 5-15, Sumiyoshi-cho, Kariya-shi, Aichi, 448-0000, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake-shi, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yuki Naru
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake-shi, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake-shi, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
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Cetin Z, Parlak M, Altiok Clark O, Karaguzel G, Luleci G, Bircan I, Berker-Karauzum S. Mixed gonadal dysgenesis in a patient with de novo tas(Y;19)(p11.3;q13.4) and 45,X mosaicism. Eur J Pediatr 2013; 172:1215-9. [PMID: 23652939 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-013-2028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report a patient with a de novo telomeric association between chromosomes 19 and Y in conjunction with mixed gonadal dysgenesis. The patient was first admitted to the clinic because of abnormal external genitalia. Laparoscopic evaluation revealed (1) a rudimentary uterus, one fallopian tube, and a small gonad resembling an ovary on the right side, and (2) an immature fallopian tube, a vas deferens, and a gonad resembling a testis on the left side. Conventional cytogenetic analysis performed on cultivated peripheral blood cells, and tissue obtained from the phallus and a gonadal structure which resembled a testis revealed two different cell lines with the 46,X,tas (Y;19)(p11.3;q13.4) and 45,X karyotype. Y chromosome microdeletion analysis showed that the patient did not have any genomic deletions in the AZFa, b, c, or SRY regions on the long arm of the Y chromosome. This is the first report of a patient with mixed gonadal dysgenesis that is accompanied by a telomeric association between chromosomes 19 and Y with 45,X mosaicism.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19
- Chromosomes, Human, X
- Chromosomes, Human, Y
- Genetic Testing
- Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed/diagnosis
- Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed/genetics
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Male
- Mosaicism
- Telomere
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Cetin
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Beneteau C, Baron S, David A, Jossic F, Poulain D, Schmitt S, Leclair MD, Piloquet P, Le Caignec C. Constitutional telomeric association (Y;7) in a patient with a female phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1436-41. [PMID: 23613342 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Telomeric associations (TAs) are fusions between two telomeres of two different chromosomes without visible loss of chromosomal material. Constitutional telomeric associations are rare chromosomal anomalies. We report on the cytogenetic and molecular analyses of a TA involving chromosomes Y and 7 in a child with a female phenotype. Prenatal cytogenetic analysis showed a 45,X chromosome complement in all cells. No fetal abnormality was identified at ultrasound examinations and the pregnancy went to term. During childhood, the proband had gonadal dysgenesis but no other phenotypic manifestations of Turner syndrome. Molecular genetic analyses showed the presence of genomic DNA of the SRY gene without any mutation. Karyotyping and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses on blood showed two cell lines: one cell line with a TA involving chromosomes Y and 7 [46,X,tas(Y;7)(p11.32;q36.3)] and a second cell line with a 45,X pattern. A human pantelomeric repeat TTAGGG probe hybridized to the junction of the TA within the derivative chromosome. FISH and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analyses demonstrated that tas(Y;7) occurred without detectable loss of any sequence at the derivative chromosome. SNP array analysis excluded an uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 7. Knowing more about TAs will help geneticists to deliver accurate genetic counseling.
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Huang B, Martin CL, Sandlin CJ, Wang S, Ledbetter DH. Mitotic and meiotic instability of a telomere association involving the Y chromosome. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 129A:120-3. [PMID: 15316974 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Constitutional telomere associations and jumping translocations (JTs) are rare events and usually occur post-zygotically. We report a telomere association involving the Y chromosome which "jumped" during meiosis. A 21-year-old woman was referred for amniocentesis due to non-immune hydrops seen in a previous pregnancy. Cytogenetic analysis of the amniocytes showed a 45,X,tas(Y;15)[4]/45,X[16] karyotype with the long arm of the Y chromosome attached to the end of the short arm of chromosome 15. Parental chromosome analyzes revealed a tas(Y;19)[63]/45,X[7] karyotype in the father with Yq attached to the end of the short arm of chromosome 19. A phenotypically normal male was born and blood chromosome analysis confirmed a 45,X,tas(Y;15)[39]/45,X[10]/46,XY[1] karyotype. Two other male children have 46,XY karyotypes, which further demonstrates the instability of the tas(Y;19) in meiosis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with probes for theY-centromere, the Yqh region, the shared Xq/Yq telomere and SRY showed hybridization on the tas(Y;19) and tas(Y;15). A chromosome 19p specific subtelomeric probe showed hybridization to the tas(Y;19) in the father. In addition, a probe for the simple telomeric sequences TTAGGG showed positive hybridization to the junction of the associations. The presence of TTAGGG telomere repeats and unique telomere sequences indicate that the Y;15 and Y;19 associations occur with no detectable loss of any sequences. The interstitial telomere sequences at the junction of the telomere association may explain the mitotic and meiotic instability of the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Huang
- Genzyme Genetics, Orange, California 92868, USA.
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Zahed L, Darwiche N, Batanian JR, Awwad J. Homologous telomere association of 19q in a female with premature ovarian failure. Clin Genet 2002; 62:310-4. [PMID: 12372059 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2002.620410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) may be due to a variety of genetic mechanisms. We report here, for the first time, telomere association of the long arms of chromosome 19, identified at low frequency (1%) in the peripheral blood cultures of a 30-year-old female with POF. Repeat cultures identified, in addition, the presence of 16q and 22q associations at a lower frequency (0.5%). These consistent observations are suggestive of a non-random event. Their association with POF may just be coincidental or may hypothetically explain it by an abnormal mechanism of chromosome separation, a constitutional telomere anomaly or an unidentified chromosome instability disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zahed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Schwartz JL, Jordan R, Liber H, Murnane JP, Evans HH. TP53-dependent chromosome instability is associated with transient reductions in telomere length in immortal telomerase-positive cell lines. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1098-2264(2000)9999:9999<::aid-gcc1085>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Fouladi B, Sabatier L, Miller D, Pottier G, Murnane JP. The relationship between spontaneous telomere loss and chromosome instability in a human tumor cell line. Neoplasia 2000; 2:540-54. [PMID: 11228547 PMCID: PMC1508089 DOI: 10.1038/sj.neo.7900107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2000] [Accepted: 08/19/2000] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome instability plays an important role in cancer by promoting the alterations in the genome required for tumor cell progression. The loss of telomeres that protect the ends of chromosomes and prevent chromosome fusion has been proposed as one mechanism for chromosome instability in cancer cells, however, there is little direct evidence to support this hypothesis. To investigate the relationship between spontaneous telomere loss and chromosome instability in human cancer cells, clones of the EJ-30 tumor cell line were isolated in which a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene was integrated immediately adjacent to a telomere. Selection for HSV-tk-deficient cells with ganciclovir demonstrated a high rate of loss of the end these "marked" chromosomes (10-4 events/cell per generation). DNA sequence and cytogenetic analysis suggests that the loss of function of the HSV-tk gene most often involves telomere loss, sister chromatid fusion, and prolonged periods of chromosome instability. In some HSV-tk-deficient cells, telomeric repeat sequences were added on to the end of the truncated HSV-tk gene at a new location, whereas in others, no telomere was detected on the end of the marked chromosome. These results suggest that spontaneous telomere loss is a mechanism for chromosome instability in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fouladi
- Radiation Oncology Research Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, 1855 Folsom Street, MCB 200, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
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Sprung CN, Afshar G, Chavez EA, Lansdorp P, Sabatier L, Murnane JP. Telomere instability in a human cancer cell line. Mutat Res 1999; 429:209-23. [PMID: 10526206 DOI: 10.1016/s0027-5107(99)00115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Telomere maintenance is essential in immortal cancer cells to compensate for DNA lost from the ends of chromosomes, to prevent chromosome fusion, and to facilitate chromosome segregation. However, the high rate of fusion of chromosomes near telomeres, termed telomere association, in many cancer cell lines has led to the proposal that some cancer cells may not efficiently perform telomere maintenance. Deficient telomere maintenance could play an important role in cancer because telomere associations and nondisjunction have been demonstrated to be mechanisms for genomic instability. To investigate this possibility, we have analyzed the telomeres of the human squamous cell carcinoma cell line SQ-9G, which has telomere associations in approximately 75% of the cells in the population. The absence of detectable telomeric repeat sequences at the sites of these telomere associations suggests that they result from telomere loss. The analysis of telomere length by quantitative in situ hybridization demonstrated that, compared to the human squamous cell carcinoma cell line SCC-61 which has few telomere associations, SQ-9G has more extensive heterogeneity in telomere length and more telomeres without detectable telomeric repeat sequences. The dynamics of the changes in telomere length also demonstrated a higher rate of fluctuation in telomere length, both on individual telomeres and coordinately on all telomeres. These results demonstrate that telomere maintenance can play a role in the genomic instability seen in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Sprung
- Radiation Oncology Research Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, MCB 200, 1855 Folsom Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
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