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Iqbal NS, Jascur TA, Harrison SM, Edwards AB, Smith LT, Choi ES, Arevalo MK, Chen C, Zhang S, Kern AJ, Scheuerle AE, Sanchez EJ, Xing C, Baker LA. Prune belly syndrome in surviving males can be caused by Hemizygous missense mutations in the X-linked Filamin A gene. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:38. [PMID: 32085749 PMCID: PMC7035669 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-0973-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Prune belly syndrome (PBS) is a rare, multi-system congenital myopathy primarily affecting males that is poorly described genetically. Phenotypically, its morbidity spans from mild to lethal, however, all isolated PBS cases manifest three cardinal pathological features: 1) wrinkled flaccid ventral abdominal wall with skeletal muscle deficiency, 2) urinary tract dilation with poorly contractile smooth muscle, and 3) intra-abdominal undescended testes. Despite evidence for a genetic basis, previously reported PBS autosomal candidate genes only account for one consanguineous family and single cases. Methods We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) of two maternal adult half-brothers with syndromic PBS (PBS + Otopalatodigital spectrum disorder [OPDSD]) and two unrelated sporadic individuals with isolated PBS and further functionally validated the identified mutations. Results We identified three unreported hemizygous missense point mutations in the X-chromosome gene Filamin A (FLNA) (c.4952 C > T (p.A1448V), c.6727C > T (p.C2160R), c.5966 G > A (p.G2236E)) in two related cases and two unrelated sporadic individuals. Two of the three PBS mutations map to the highly regulatory, stretch-sensing Ig19–21 region of FLNA and enhance binding to intracellular tails of the transmembrane receptor β-integrin 1 (ITGβ1). Conclusions FLNA is a regulatory actin-crosslinking protein that functions in smooth muscle cells as a mechanosensing molecular scaffold, transmitting force signals from the actin-myosin motor units and cytoskeleton via binding partners to the extracellular matrix. This is the first evidence for an X-linked cause of PBS in multiple unrelated individuals and expands the phenotypic spectrum associated with FLNA in males surviving even into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida S Iqbal
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Thomas A Jascur
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Steven M Harrison
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Angelena B Edwards
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Luke T Smith
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Erin S Choi
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Michelle K Arevalo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Catherine Chen
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Adam J Kern
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Angela E Scheuerle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Bioinformatics, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Emma J Sanchez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Children's Health Dallas, 2350 N. Stemmons Freeway, Suite F4300, Dallas, TX, 75207, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Bioinformatics, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Linda A Baker
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. .,Children's Health Dallas, 2350 N. Stemmons Freeway, Suite F4300, Dallas, TX, 75207, USA.
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Vlatkovic IB, Hafner T, Miskovic B, Vicic A, Poljak B, Stipoljev F. Prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome aneuploidies and disorders of sex development--a retrospective analysis of 11-year data. J Perinat Med 2014; 42:529-34. [PMID: 24445234 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2013-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Analysis of prenatally diagnosed sex chromosome aneuploidies and disorders of sex development (DSDs). METHODS This study includes a retrospective data analysis of 46 prenatally detected sex chromosome aneuploidies and one case of 46,XY DSD diagnosed during an 11-year period (2002-2012) at our department. RESULTS Of the 46 sex chromosome aneuploidies, 29 cases (63.0%) were in the group of a selected population of women according to abnormal first-/second-trimester ultrasound and 17 (37.0%) cases in an unselected population of women who underwent fetal karyotyping because of advanced maternal age. The most common aneuploidy was Turner syndrome in full and mosaic form (50%). Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome was diagnosed in the case of 46,XY DSD. CONCLUSIONS Sex chromosome aneuploidies must be taken into consideration if, in the first or second trimester, abnormalities are revealed on ultrasound, mainly Turner syndrome in full or mosaic form and 47,XYY.
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Vasconcelos MAPS, de Lima PP. Prune-belly syndrome: an autopsy case report. AUTOPSY AND CASE REPORTS 2014; 4:35-41. [PMID: 28573127 PMCID: PMC5443131 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2014.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prune-belly syndrome (PBS) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a spectrum of mild-to-severe presentations of urinary tract malformations, deficient abdominal wall musculature, and cryptorchidism in male newborns or genital abnormalities in the female newborns. Currently, antenatal diagnosis is feasible with ultrasound examination, and treatment is based on case report experience. More recently, intrauterine management has been undertaken with encouraging results. The authors report a case of PBS diagnosed at the seventeenth gestation week, when ultrasonographic examination revealed the presence of ascites, distended bladder, thickened bladder wall and posterior urethral valve. The fetus was submitted to an intrauterine intervention at the nineteenth gestational week. Delivery occurred at 34 weeks of gestation and the newborn examination was consistent with PBS. On the second day of life, the newborn was submitted to abdominoplasty, colostomy, and orchiopexy. However, the outcome was unfavorable with respiratory failure and death on the fifteenth day of life. The autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PBS, but the immediate cause of death was attributed to aspiration pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Picciarelli de Lima
- Department of Pathology - Hospital das Clínicas - Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil
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Tonni G, Ida V, Alessandro V, Bonasoni MP. Prune-belly syndrome: case series and review of the literature regarding early prenatal diagnosis, epidemiology, genetic factors, treatment, and prognosis. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2013; 31:13-24. [PMID: 22506933 DOI: 10.3109/15513815.2012.659411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Prune-belly syndrome (PBS) is a rare congenital syndrome characterized by deficient abdominal muscles, urinary tract malformation, and in males, cryptorchidism and has an estimated incidence of 1 in 35,000 to 1 in 50,000 live births. The syndrome might be due to severe bladder outlet obstruction or to abdominal muscle deficiency secondary to a migrational defect of the lateral mesoblast between weeks 6 and 7 of pregnancy. The current review of the medical record reports a special focus on epidemiology, genetic factors, early prenatal diagnosis clusters, treatment, and prognosis of PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Tonni
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynceology, Guastalla General Hospital, AUSL Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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Ichikawa T, Sekiguchi T, Kawada S, Koizumi J, Endo J, Yamada Y, Ito C, Sugiyama M, Terachi T, Usui Y, Torigoe K, Imai Y. Study of the Association Between an Anomalous Superior Vena Cava and Horseshoe Kidney. Circ J 2012; 76:1253-8. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-0874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Ichikawa
- Department of Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | | | - Shuichi Kawada
- Department of Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Jun Koizumi
- Department of Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Jun Endo
- Department of Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Yuri Yamada
- Department of Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Chihiro Ito
- Department of Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- Department of Radiological Technology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | | | - Yukio Usui
- Department of Urology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Kojun Torigoe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Yutaka Imai
- Department of Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine
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Boissier K, Varlet MN, Chauleur C, Cochin S, Clemenson A, Varlet F, Bellicard E, Chantegret C, Patural H, Seffert P, Chêne G. [Early fetal megacystis at first trimester: a six-year retrospective study]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 37:115-24. [PMID: 19200766 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A fetal megacystis is defined by a longitudinal bladder diameter more than 7 mm. The purpose of this study is to describe the prenatal ultrasound findings of this early fetal pathology and to assess pronostic and aetiologycal criteria. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 2003 and December 2008, 12 cases of early fetal megacystis were identified in our referral fetal medicine unit (Saint-Etienne hospital, France). RESULTS There were two cases of spontaneous resolution and one case wasn't a fetal megacystis. Termination of pregnancy for medical indications was realised for another cases because of associated malformations and bad evolution (six cases) and three chromosomal abnormalities (two cases of trisomy 18 and one of trisomy 21). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Sonographic follow-up and fetal karyotyping are important to evaluate prognosis. However, our data suggest that fetal megacystis is a severe condition when diagnosed in early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Boissier
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHU de Saint-Etienne, hôpital Nord, avenue Albert-Raimond, 42055 Saint-Etienne cedex 02, France
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7
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Leppig KA, Sybert VP, Ross JL, Cunniff C, Trejo T, Raskind WH, Disteche CM. Phenotype and X inactivation in 45,X/46,X,r(X) cases. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 128A:276-84. [PMID: 15216549 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We studied a new series of 21 individuals mosaic for a ring X chromosome [r(X)]. Of nine individuals with mental retardation, only one had a r(X) that lacked XIST (X-inactive-specific transcript) and was not subject to X inactivation, which would explain the abnormal phenotype; the remaining eight cases had XIST on their r(X). The majority of cases (five of seven) with mental retardation had an apparently early replicating r(X); but the androgen receptor gene (AR) was methylated on one allele in five of six informative cases, including two cases with an early replicating r(X). These conflicting results on two indicators of X inactivation suggest a potential dissociation between late replication and DNA methylation in these r(X) chromosomes, which may fail to become completely silenced. Of the twelve subjects who were not mentally retarded, all had XIST present on their r(X) and most (8/10) showed a late replicating r(X), together with AR methylation in all five informative cases, indicating r(X) inactivation. Thus, the unusual phenotypic features and mental retardation associated with the presence of a r(X) cannot be explained solely on the basis of presence or absence of XIST. The r(X) in cases with mental retardation were consistently smaller than those in individuals with normal intelligence, perhaps indicating inability for small rings to undergo structural changes associated with complete X inactivation or lethality in cases with a large non-inactivated r(X). Of the Turner syndrome features present in the r(X) cases, only edema was present in a lesser frequency than in 45,X individuals. Our cases generally had a less severe phenotype than those previously reported, suggesting that reported incidences of abnormalities may be influenced by ascertainment bias, with mental retardation potentially unrelated to the presence of the r(X) in some cases.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Cells, Cultured
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, X/metabolism
- DNA Methylation
- DNA Replication/genetics
- Dosage Compensation, Genetic
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Infant
- Intellectual Disability/genetics
- Karyotyping
- Lymphocytes/chemistry
- Middle Aged
- Phenotype
- RNA, Long Noncoding
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Untranslated/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Ring Chromosomes
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Leppig
- Genetic Services, Group Health Permanente, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA.
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8
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Tomkins DJ, McDonald HL, Farrell SA, Brown CJ. Lack of expression of XIST from a small ring X chromosome containing the XIST locus in a girl with short stature, facial dysmorphism and developmental delay. Eur J Hum Genet 2002; 10:44-51. [PMID: 11896455 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2001] [Revised: 11/21/2001] [Accepted: 11/22/2001] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A 46,X,r(X) karyotype was found in a three and a half year old girl with short stature, facial dysmorphism and developmental delay. The clinical findings were consistent with the phenotype described in a limited number of patients with small ring X chromosomes lacking the XIST locus, a critical player in the process of X chromosome inactivation. Surprisingly, in our patient, fluorescent in situ hybridisation demonstrated that the XIST locus was present on the ring X. However, expression studies showed that there was no XIST transcript in peripheral blood cells, suggesting that the ring X had not been inactivated. This was confirmed by the demonstration that both of the patient's alleles for the androgen receptor gene were unmethylated, and that both of the patient's ZXDA alleles were expressed. The active nature of the ring X would presumably result in overexpression of genes that may account for the developmental delay observed for the patient. Using polymorphic markers along the X chromosome, the ring X was determined to be of paternal origin with one breakpoint in the long arm between DXS8037 and XIST and one in the short arm in Xp11.2 between DXS1126 and DXS991. To attempt to determine why the XIST gene failed to be expressed, the promoter region was sequenced and found to have a base change at the same location as a variant previously associated with nonrandom X chromosome inactivation. This mutation was not seen in over one hundred normal X chromosomes examined; however, it was observed in the paternal grandmother who did not show substantial skewing of X chromosome inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell J Tomkins
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta and Cytogenetics Laboratory, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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9
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Wei F, Cheng S, Badie N, Elder F, Scott C, Nicholson L, Ross JL, Zinn AR. A man who inherited his SRY gene and Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis from his mother and neurofibromatosis type 1 from his father. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 102:353-8. [PMID: 11503163 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20010901)102:4<353::aid-ajmg1481>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report on a man with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD). His father had NF1. His mother had LWD plus additional findings of Turner syndrome (TS): high arched palate, bicuspid aortic valve, aortic stenosis, and premature ovarian failure. The proband's karyotype was 46,X,dic(X;Y)(p22.3;p11.32). Despite having almost the same genetic constitution as 47,XXY Klinefelter syndrome, he was normally virilized, although slight elevation of serum gonadotropins indicated gonadal dysfunction. His mother's karyotype was mosaic 45,X[17 cells]/46,X,dic(X;Y)(p22.3;p11.32)[3 cells].ish dic(X;Y)(DXZ1 +,DYZ1 + ). The dic(X;Y) chromosome was also positive for Y markers PABY, SRY, and DYZ5, but negative for SHOX. The dic(X;Y) chromosome was also positive for X markers DXZ1 and a sequence < 300 kb from PABX, suggesting that the deletion encompassed only pseudoautosomal sequences. Replication studies indicated that the normal X and the dic(X;Y) were randomly inactivated in the proband's lymphocytes. LWD in the proband and his mother was explained by SHOX haploinsufficiency. The mother's female phenotype was most likely due to 45,X mosaicism. This family segregating Mendelian and chromosomal disorders illustrates extreme sex chromosome variation compatible with normal male and female sexual differentiation. The case also highlights the importance of karyotyping for differentiating LWD and TS, especially in patients with findings such as premature ovarian failure or aortic abnormalities not associated with isolated SHOX haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wei
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8591, USA
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10
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Tam W. Identification and characterization of human BIC, a gene on chromosome 21 that encodes a noncoding RNA. Gene 2001; 274:157-67. [PMID: 11675008 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BIC was originally identified as a gene transcriptionally activated by promoter insertion at a common retroviral integration site in B cell lymphomas induced by avian leukosis virus (Tam et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (1997) 1490). The human homolog of this gene was cloned and characterized. It consists of three exons within a 13 kb region located in chromosome 21q21. Similar to the avian homolog, the human BIC lacks a long open reading frame (ORF). Highest levels of BIC expression are detected in the spleen and thymus by Northern analysis. In addition, the mouse homolog of BIC was identified. Comparison of BIC cDNAs from human, mouse and chicken reveals 78% identity over 138 nucleotides. However, there is no homology among the multiple short ORFs present in these cDNAs. The region of sequence homology is predicted by computer analysis to form an imperfect RNA duplex, which is structurally similar among the three species. Based on the lack of a conserved ORF and the evolutionary conservation of RNA secondary structure, we presume that BIC functions as a noncoding RNA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Chickens
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genes/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- RNA, Untranslated/chemistry
- RNA, Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Untranslated/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- W Tam
- Department of Pathology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, K-508, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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11
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Rosenberg C, Wouters CH, Szuhai K, Dorland R, Pearson P, Poll-The BT, Colombijn RM, Breuning M, Lindhout D. A Rett syndrome patient with a ring X chromosome: further evidence for skewing of X inactivation and heterogeneity in the aetiology of the disease. Eur J Hum Genet 2001; 9:171-7. [PMID: 11313755 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/1999] [Revised: 11/06/2000] [Accepted: 11/14/2000] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder, characterised by regression of development in young females. Recently, mutations in the MECP2 gene were found to be present in 80% of sporadic cases, but in much lower frequency (< 30%) among familial cases. Several reports claim that the pattern of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) relates to the penetrance of RTT; in some cases skewed XCI is seen in Rett patients, and in others it is observed among normal carriers. We present here a case of RTT with a 46,X,r(X) in which complete skewed inactivation of the ring was demonstrated. Further, no mutations were found in the MECP2 gene present on the intact X. Our data, in conjunction with two previously published cases of X chromosome abnormalities in RTT, indicate that X chromosome rearrangements are sporadically associated with RTT in conjunction with extreme skewing of X inactivation. Based on our case and reported data, we discuss the evidence for a second X-linked locus for RTT associated with lower penetrance, and a different pattern of XCI, than for MECP2. This would result in a larger proportion of phenotypically normal carrier women transmitting the mutation for this putative second locus, and account for the minority of sporadic and majority of familial cases that are negative for MECP2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Cytometry, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Nowaczyk MJ, Ramsay JA, Mohide P, Tomkins DJ. Multiple congenital anomalies in a fetus with 45,X/46,X,r(X)(p11.22q12) mosaicism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19980526)77:4<306::aid-ajmg11>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Zinn AR, Ouyang B, Ross JL, Varma S, Bourgeois M, Tonk V. Del (X)(p21.2) in a mother and two daughters with variable ovarian function. Clin Genet 1997; 52:235-9. [PMID: 9383030 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1997.tb02554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a family in which a woman with the mosaic karyotype 45,X/46,X,del(X)(p21.2) transmitted the deleted X chromosome to two daughters. The nature of the deletion was confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). All three family members showed somatic Ullrich-Turner syndrome features, but only one daughter had ovarian failure. These observations have implications for the diagnosis of Ullrich-Turner syndrome and genotype/phenotype correlations of X chromosome deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Zinn
- Department of Internal Medicine and Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235, USA.
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