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Han JW, Kim B, Oh M, Choi J, Choi GJ, Kim H. The Antifungal Test: An Efficient Screening Tool for the Discovery of Microbial Metabolites with Respiratory Inhibitory Activity. MYCOBIOLOGY 2020; 48:326-329. [PMID: 32952416 PMCID: PMC7476542 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2020.1766648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Valuable natural compounds produced by a variety of microorganisms can be used as lead molecules for development of new agrochemicals. Furthermore, high-throughput in vitro screening systems with specific modes of action can increase the probability of discovery of new fungicides. In the current study, a rapid assay tested with various microbes was developed to determine the degree of respiratory inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in two different liquid media, YG (containing a fermentable carbon source) and NFYG (containing a non-fermentable carbon source). Based on this system, we screened 100 fungal isolates that were classified into basidiomycetes, to find microbial secondary metabolites that act as respiratory inhibitors. Consequently, of the 100 fungal species tested, the culture broth of an IUM04881 isolate inhibited growth of S. cerevisiae in NFYG medium, but not in YG medium. The result is comparable to that from treatment with kresoxim-methyl used as a control, suggesting that the culture broth of IUM04881 isolate might contain active compounds showing the inhibition activity for respiratory chain. Based on the assay developed in this study and spectroscopic analysis, we isolated and identified an antifungal compound (-)-oudemansin A from culture broth of IUM04881 that is identified as Oudemansiella venosolamellata. This is the first report that (-)-oudemansin A is identified from O. venosolamellata in Korea. Taken together, the development of this assay will accelerate efforts to find and identify natural respiratory inhibitors from various microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woo Han
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea
Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Bomin Kim
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea
Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon,
Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and
Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Mira Oh
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea
Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon,
Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and
Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National
University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Gyung Ja Choi
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea
Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon,
Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and
Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea
Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon,
Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and
Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon,
Korea
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Chai BS, Liu CL, Li HC, He XM, Luo YM, Huang G, Zhang H, Chang JB. Design, synthesis and acaricidal activity of novel strobilurin derivatives containing pyrimidine moieties. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2010; 66:1208-1214. [PMID: 20681007 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intermediate derivatisation method based on bioisosteric replacement led to the discovery of the lead strobilurin compound 5a. To produce new strobilurin analogues with improved activity, a series of substituted pyrimidines were synthesised and bioassayed. RESULTS The compounds were identified by (1)H NMR, IR, MS and elemental analysis. The highly active compound 5 g was studied by X-ray diffraction. Preliminary bioassays demonstrated that some of the title compounds exhibited excellent acaricidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisd.) at 10 mg L(-1). The relationship between structure and acaricidal activity is reported. CONCLUSION The present work demonstrates that strobilurin derivatives containing pyrimidine moieties can be used as possible lead compounds for developing novel acaricides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Shan Chai
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Shenyang, China
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Liang Y, Xie P, Chau F. Chromatographic fingerprinting and related chemometric techniques for quality control of traditional Chinese medicines. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:410-21. [PMID: 20099260 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Development of chromatographic fingerprint (CF) and related chemometric methods and their applications to quality control of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) were discussed. CF is essentially a kind of quality control method for TCMs (or Chinese herbal medicines). Also, it is a quality-relevant-data high-throughput and integral tool to explore chemically the complexity of TCMs. With the help of chemometrics, some difficulties in evaluation and analysis of CFs, such as calculation of information content, peak alignment, pattern analysis, deconvolution of overlapping peaks, etc. could be well solved. To further explore TCMs synergic quality, intensive study of CF coupled with chemometrics will create the possibility to achieve the aim to reveal the working mechanisms of TCMs and to further control and strengthen TCMs' intrinsic quality in a comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizeng Liang
- Research Center of Modernization of Chinese Medicines, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.
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Biao-Yi Z, Yu Y, Zeng-Liang Y. Investigation of antimicrobial model of Hemsleya pengxianensis W.J. Chang and its main active component by metabolomics technique. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 116:89-95. [PMID: 18164153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 11/03/2007] [Accepted: 11/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY H.pengxianensi is a native plant in China. Dihydrocucurbitacin F-25-O-acetate is one of the major chemical components in H.pengxianensis. In this investigation, we attempted to quantify the content of dihydrocucurbitacin F-25-O-acetate in H.pengxianensis and find the possible antibacterial mode of dihydrocucurbitacin F-25-O-acetate and H.pengxianensis. MATERIAL AND METHODS First, the content of dihydrocucurbitacin F-25-O-acetate was quantified by HPLC. Then, metabolic profiles of Staphylococcus aureus treated by dihydrocucurbitacin F-25-O-acetate, extract of H.pengxianensis and nine antibacterial substances with the known modes of action were acquired by HPLC/DAD/ESI-MS. Principal component analysis was carried out upon all metabolic profiles to classify those drugs according to their mechanisms. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The HPLC result show the content of dihydrocucurbitacin F-25-O-acetate in H.pengxianensis (5.3+/-0.4 mg/g). From the result obtained by principal component analysis, dihydrocucurbitacin F-25-O-acetate was found to be the component playing the main antimicrobial roles on Staphylococcus aureus in H.pengxianensis and the possible antibacterial mode of dihydrocucurbitacin F-25-O-acetate and H.pengxianensis may be to inhibit cell wall synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Biao-Yi
- Research Center of Modernization of Chinese Medicines, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Forest soil metagenome gene cluster involved in antifungal activity expression in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 74:723-30. [PMID: 18065615 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01911-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using two forest soils, we previously constructed two fosmid libraries containing 113,700 members in total. The libraries were screened to select active antifungal clones using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a target fungus. One clone from the Yuseong pine tree rhizosphere soil library, pEAF66, showed S. cerevisiae growth inhibition. Despite an intensive effort, active chemicals were not isolated. DNA sequence analysis and transposon mutagenesis of pEAF66 revealed 39 open reading frames (ORFs) and indicated that eight ORFs, probably in one transcriptional unit, might be directly involved in the expression of antifungal activity in Escherichia coli. The deduced amino acid sequences of eight ORFs were similar to those of the core genes encoding type II family polyketide synthases, such as the acyl carrier protein (ACP), ACP synthases, aminotransferase, and ACP reductase. The gene cluster involved in antifungal activity was similar in organization to the putative antibiotic production locus of Pseudomonas putida KT2440, although we could not select a similar active clone from the KT2440 genomic DNA library in E. coli. ORFs encoding ATP binding cassette transporters and membrane proteins were located at both ends of the antifungal gene cluster. Upstream ORFs encoding an IclR family response regulator and a LysR family response regulator were involved in the positive regulation of antifungal gene expression. Our results suggested the metagenomic approach as an alternative to search for novel antifungal antibiotics from unculturable soil bacteria. This is the first report of an antifungal gene cluster obtained from a soil metagenome using S. cerevisiae as a target fungus.
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Walsh TA. The emerging field of chemical genetics: potential applications for pesticide discovery. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2007; 63:1165-71. [PMID: 17912687 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of small molecules to probe biological systems, generally described as 'chemical genetics', has grown considerably in the past 7 years, especially in areas related to human biology and therapeutics. This review describes some aspects of chemical genetics technologies that can be usefully applied to pesticide target discovery and lead generation. The chemical genetics approach (consisting of a phenotype screen, a chemical library and a robust target identification methodology) is compared with conventional and target-based screening. The outcomes of a chemical genetics approach are novel protein targets coupled with in vivo-active chemical ligands. The 'chemistry-first' paradigm of the chemical genetics approach can circumvent some of the obstacles that have emerged for the exploitation of novel but chemically unvalidated targets identified from genetic or genomic screens. Some of the advantages and challenges in using chemical genetics approaches are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence A Walsh
- Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA.
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Yu Y, Yi ZB, Liang YZ. Main antimicrobial components ofTinospora capillipes, and their mode of action againstStaphylococcus aureus. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:4179-83. [PMID: 17692848 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation, the antibacterial modes of action of Radix Tinosporae, its major single components, and nine antibiotics with different targets or modes-of-action on Staphylococcus aureus were studied. Metabolic profiles of cultures treated with different medicines were acquired by HPLC/ESI-MS. After HPLC-MS data pretreatment, those profiles acquired were reduced into several MS vectors. Then statistical processing by principal components analysis was carried out upon those vectors, two conclusions could be drawn: (1) the antibacterial mode of action of Radix Tinosporae is similar to that of rifampicin and norfloxacin, which act on nucleic acid; (2) its active components playing main antimicrobial roles on Staphylococcus aureus might be alkaloids, such as palmatine and jatrorrhizine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- Research Center of Modernization of Chinese Medicines, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Yu Y, Yi ZB, Liang YZ. Validate antibacterial mode and find main bioactive components of traditional Chinese medicine Aquilegia oxysepala. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1855-9. [PMID: 17276058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Revised: 12/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines have been used for thousands of years and are still being used as one of the regular treatments for many diseases. However, their mechanisms were still unknown. In this investigation, a possible procedure combining metabonomics and principal component analysis to investigate antibacterial modes of action and find main antimicrobial component in traditional Chinese medicine, Aquilegia oxysepala, is developed. Metabolic profiles of Staphylococcus aureus treated with nine antibiotics of known modes of action and with A. oxysepala were acquired by HPLC/DAD/ESI-MS. After statistical processing by principal components analysis on metabolic profiles, two conclusions could be drawn: (1) the target of A. oxysepala may be similar to that of lincolmensin, erythromycin, chloromycetin, streptomycin, and acheomycin, whose targets are protein; (2) its bioactive component playing main antimicrobial roles on S. aureus may be maguoflorine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- Research Center of Modernization of Chinese Medicines, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
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Allen J, Davey HM, Broadhurst D, Rowland JJ, Oliver SG, Kell DB. Discrimination of modes of action of antifungal substances by use of metabolic footprinting. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:6157-65. [PMID: 15466562 PMCID: PMC522091 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.10.6157-6165.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2004] [Accepted: 06/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diploid cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were grown under controlled conditions with a Bioscreen instrument, which permitted the essentially continuous registration of their growth via optical density measurements. Some cultures were exposed to concentrations of a number of antifungal substances with different targets or modes of action (sterol biosynthesis, respiratory chain, amino acid synthesis, and the uncoupler). Culture supernatants were taken and analyzed for their "metabolic footprints" by using direct-injection mass spectrometry. Discriminant function analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis allowed these antifungal compounds to be distinguished and classified according to their modes of action. Genetic programming, a rule-evolving machine learning strategy, allowed respiratory inhibitors to be discriminated from others by using just two masses. Metabolic footprinting thus represents a rapid, convenient, and information-rich method for classifying the modes of action of antifungal substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess Allen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK
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Challis GL, Hopwood DA. Synergy and contingency as driving forces for the evolution of multiple secondary metabolite production by Streptomyces species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100 Suppl 2:14555-61. [PMID: 12970466 PMCID: PMC304118 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1934677100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article we briefly review theories about the ecological roles of microbial secondary metabolites and discuss the prevalence of multiple secondary metabolite production by strains of Streptomyces, highlighting results from analysis of the recently sequenced Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces avermitilis genomes. We address this question: Why is multiple secondary metabolite production in Streptomyces species so commonplace? We argue that synergy or contingency in the action of individual metabolites against biological competitors may, in some cases, be a powerful driving force for the evolution of multiple secondary metabolite production. This argument is illustrated with examples of the coproduction of synergistically acting antibiotics and contingently acting siderophores: two well-known classes of secondary metabolite. We focus, in particular, on the coproduction of beta-lactam antibiotics and beta-lactamase inhibitors, the coproduction of type A and type B streptogramins, and the coregulated production and independent uptake of structurally distinct siderophores by species of Streptomyces. Possible mechanisms for the evolution of multiple synergistic and contingent metabolite production in Streptomyces species are discussed. It is concluded that the production by Streptomyces species of two or more secondary metabolites that act synergistically or contingently against biological competitors may be far more common than has previously been recognized, and that synergy and contingency may be common driving forces for the evolution of multiple secondary metabolite production by these sessile saprophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Challis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
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