Al-Saleh MAQ, Jaremko JL, Saltaji H, Wolfaardt J, Major PW. MRI findings of radiation-induced changes of masticatory muscles: a systematic review.
J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013;
42:26. [PMID:
23663414 PMCID:
PMC3651244 DOI:
10.1186/1916-0216-42-26]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Radiotherapy to the head and neck regions can result in serious consequences to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and chewing muscles. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrates soft-tissue alterations after radiotherapy, such as morphology and signal intensity.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this review is to critically and systematically analyse the available evidence regarding the masticatory muscles alterations, as demonstrated on MRI, after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.
DATA SOURCES
Electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM reviews and Scopus.
INCLUSION CRITERIA
Reports of any study design investigating radiation-induced changes in masticatory muscles after radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer were included.
RESULTS AND SYNTHESIS METHODS
An electronic database search resulted in 162 papers. Sixteen papers were initially selected as potentially relevant studies; however, only four papers satisfied all inclusion criteria. The included papers focused on the MRI appearance of masticatory muscles following radiotherapy protocol. Two papers reported outcome based on retrospective clinical and imaging records, whereas the remaining two papers were case reports. Irradiated muscles frequently show diffuse increase in T2 signal and post-gadolinium enhancement post-irradiation. Also, muscle size changes were reported based on subjective comparison with the contralateral side. The quality of all included papers was considered poor with high risk of bias.
CONCLUSION
There is no evidence that MRI interpretations indicate specific radiation-induced changes in masticatory muscles. There is a clear need for a cohort study comparing patients with pre- and post-radiotherapy MRI.
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