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Salgado CM, Alaggio R, Ciolfi A, Zin A, Diomedi Camassei F, Pedace L, Milano GM, Serra A, Di Giannatale A, Mastronuzzi A, Gianatti A, Bisogno G, Ferrari A, Tartaglia M, Reyes-Múgica M, Locatelli F, Miele E. Pediatric BCOR-Altered Tumors From Soft Tissue/Kidney Display Specific DNA Methylation Profiles. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100039. [PMID: 36853789 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2022.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the pediatric population, BCL6-correpresor gene (BCOR)-upregulated tumors include primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumors/undifferentiated sarcomas (PMMTI/UND), clear cell sarcomas of the kidney (CCSK), and high-grade neuroepithelial tumors (HG-NET). We investigated DNA methylation (DNAm) and copy number variation (CNV) profiling in these tumors (N = 34) using an Illumina EPIC BeadChip to better define the potential use of these tools to confirm diagnosis and predict outcomes. Twenty-seven tumors from 25 patients (age range, 0-10 years), showed molecular confirmation of genetic abnormalities as follows: BCOR internal tandem duplication in 14 PMMTI/UND, 8 CCSK, and 3 HG-NET and YWHAE fusions in 2 PMMTI/UND. The remaining 7 cases lacking informative molecular data were analyzed by immunophenotyping and were included in the study as a training cohort, clearly separated from the main study group. These were 4 PMMTI, 1 HG-NET, and 1 CCSK in which poor RNA preservation precluded the confirmation of BCOR rearrangements and 1 CCSK in which no rearrangements were found. DNAm data were compared with those of brain tumor and/or sarcoma classifier. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were analyzed in the 3 groups. Twenty-two cases of the 24 molecularly confirmed PMMTI/UND and CCSK and 3 of 6 of those with only immunophenotyping were classified within the methylation class "BCOR-altered sarcoma family" with optimal calibrated scores. PMMTI/UND and CCSK showed similar methylation profiles, whereas thousands of DMRs and significantly enriched pathways were evident between soft tissue/kidney tumors and HG-NET. The CNV analysis showed an overall flat profile in 19 of the 31 evaluable tumors (8/10 CCSK; 9/18 PMMTI/UND; 2/4 HG-NET). The most frequent CNVs were 1q gain and 9p and 10q loss. Follow-up time data were available for 20 patients: ≥2 CNV significantly correlated with a worse overall survival rate. In conclusion, soft tissue and kidney BCOR sarcomas matched with BCOR-altered sarcoma methylation class, whereas those from the brain matched with the central nervous system tumor classifier HG-NET BCOR, supporting the notion that DNAm profiling is an informative diagnostic tool. CNV alterations were associated with a more aggressive clinical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Salgado
- Division of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rita Alaggio
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelica Zin
- Clinica di Oncoematologia Pediatrica Azienda Ospedaliera, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Diomedi Camassei
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Pedace
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Milano
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Serra
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Di Giannatale
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Gianatti
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Gianni Bisogno
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Medical Oncology and Hematology Department, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- Division of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy.
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Zhang M, Yao X, Guan X, Jia C, Zhang R, Wang H, Guo Y, Ni X, Yu Y, He L. Clinical relevance of BCOR internal tandem duplication and TP53 aberration in clear cell sarcoma of the kidney. Hum Pathol 2022; 134:45-55. [PMID: 36563883 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is the second most common pediatric renal malignancy, characterized by BCOR internal tandem duplication (ITD), YWHAE rearrangement, BCOR-CCNB3 fusion, and lack of other consistent structural alteration. We accidentally identified TP53 deletion in CCSK, which was often associated with adverse clinical outcomes. In this study, we assessed the incidence as well as the clinical relevance of these molecules in CCSK patients. BCOR ITD, YWHAE rearrangement, BCOR-CCNB3 fusion and TP53 status were examined by polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence in situ hybridization, or Sanger sequencing in a cohort of 39 patients with CCSK. Among them, 34 cases (87.18%) had BCOR ITD, 1 (2.56%) had YWHAE rearrangement, and 1 (2.56%) had BCOR-CCNB3 gene fusion. The remaining 3 (7.69%) harbored none of these aberrations. BCOR ITD, YWHAE rearrangement and BCOR-CCNB3 were mutually exclusive. Furthermore, 25.64% of the cohort acquired TP53 aberration (10/39, 3 with both copy number deletion and point mutation, 6 with deletion only, and 1 with mutation only), all of which were associated with BCOR ITD. Patients with or without BCOR ITD or TP53 aberration did not differ in demographic characteristics such as sex, onset age, or tumor stage at diagnosis. However, the overall survival rates and progression-free survival rates of BCOR ITD or TP53 deletion groups showed obvious downward trends, albeit not all reaching statistical significance. Patients with both BCOR ITD and TP53 deletion had the poorest prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xingfeng Yao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xiaoxing Guan
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Chao Jia
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Ruqian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Huanmin Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yongli Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China; Biobank for Clinical Data and Samples in Pediatrics, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yongbo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China; Biobank for Clinical Data and Samples in Pediatrics, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Lejian He
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China.
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Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney is the second most common primary renal malignancy in childhood. It is histologically diverse, making accurate diagnosis challenging in some cases. Recent molecular studies have uncovered BCOR exon 15 internal tandem duplications in most cases, and YWHAE-NUTM2 fusion in a few cases, with the remaining cases having other genetic mutations, including BCOR-CCNB3 fusion and EGFR mutations. Although clear cell sarcoma of the kidney has no specific immunophenotype, several markers including cyclin D1, nerve growth factor receptor, and BCOR (BCL6 corepressor) have emerged as potential diagnostic aides. This review provides a concise account of recent advances in our understanding of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney to serve as a practical update for the practicing pathologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Jet Aw
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kenneth Tou En Chang
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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4
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Renal clear cell sarcoma presenting as a spontaneous renal hematoma: A rare presentation. North Clin Istanb 2018; 5:60-63. [PMID: 29607435 PMCID: PMC5864711 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2017.75537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is an uncommon renal neoplasm of childhood. It represents between 2% and 9% of all pediatric renal tumors, and generally arises before the age of 5 years. It often mimics other pediatric renal tumors. Presently described is the case of a 7-year-old girl who presented with complaints of vomiting and abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a right renal mass, and the patient developed a renal hematoma a few hours after admission. The patient underwent a nephroureterectomy with a provisional diagnosis of Wilms tumor; however, histopathological examination of a specimen revealed CCSK. CCSK is similar to Wilms tumor in terms of the typical age of appearance and clinical and histopathological features, but the treatment method and prognosis are different. Therefore, the differential diagnosis is very important. This case was presented to draw attention to a rare presentation of clear cell sarcoma. CCSK should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of a renal mass.
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Karlsson J, Valind A, Gisselsson D. BCOR internal tandem duplication and YWHAE-NUTM2B/E fusion are mutually exclusive events in clear cell sarcoma of the kidney. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 55:120-3. [PMID: 26493387 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is the second most common pediatric renal tumor. Two recurrent genetic aberrations have been described in CCSK. One is a fusion of YWHAE and NUTM2B/E, the other is an internal tandem duplication (ITD) in the BCOR gene. Here it is shown that YWHAE-NUTM2B/E fusion and the BCOR ITD are mutually exclusive events and activated different downstream signaling systems. This has important diagnostic implications and opens up for further mechanistic studies of CCSK pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Valind
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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6
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Trejo Bittar HE, Radder JE, Ranganathan S, Srinivasan A, Madan-Khetarpal S, Reyes-Múgica M. Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney in a child with Fanconi anemia. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2014; 17:297-301. [PMID: 24735155 DOI: 10.2350/14-03-1450-cr.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Fanconi anemia subgroup D1, attributable to biallelic mutations in BRCA2, have an increased risk of solid tumors. Tumors in the kidneys of these patients are almost exclusively Wilms tumor. We report the first recorded case, to our knowledge, of a Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney in a patient with this cancer predisposition syndrome. We review different aspects of the need for careful clinical observation in patients of this complementation group, given their risk for malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto E Trejo Bittar
- 1 Division of Pediatric Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Karlsson J, Holmquist Mengelbier L, Ciornei CD, Naranjo A, O'Sullivan MJ, Gisselsson D. Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney demonstrates an embryonic signature indicative of a primitive nephrogenic origin. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 53:381-91. [PMID: 24488803 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is a tumor affecting children with a median age of 3 years at diagnosis. The cell of origin of CCSK is unknown and data on the molecular changes giving rise to CCSK is scarce. This has hindered the identification of positive diagnostic markers and development of molecularly targeted treatment protocols for CCSK. We have characterized a panel of CCSK to gain information regarding its molecular profile and possible origin. High-resolution genomic analysis with single nucleotide polymorphism array of 37 tumors did not reveal any clues to the mechanisms behind tumor development as remarkably few genetic imbalances were found. Gene expression analysis revealed a highly characteristic gene signature, enriched for pathways involved in embryonic development, including kidney formation. The presence of markers for two different developmental lineages in the embryonic kidney was therefore investigated in the tumor cells. FOXD1 which identifies cells giving rise to stromal elements, and CITED1, a marker for cells primed for nephrogenic epithelial differentiation, were both highly expressed in CCSK. In addition, the early embryonic marker OSR1 was expressed at higher levels in CCSK than in Wilms tumor, normal fetal kidney or adult kidney. As this marker discriminates the intermediate mesoderm from other mesodermal structures, our study could suggest that CCSK arises from a mesodermal cell type that retains the capacity to initiate differentiation towards both nephrons and stroma, but remains locked in a primitive state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, University and Regional Laboratories, Lund, Sweden
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8
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Gooskens SLM, Furtwängler R, Vujanic GM, Dome JS, Graf N, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM. Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney: a review. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:2219-26. [PMID: 22579455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is a rare renal tumour that is observed most often in children under 3years of age. Only a few large series of CCSK have been reported and patients with CCSK are often included among patients with other types of childhood renal tumours. The purpose of this paper is to review the published series and case reports of CCSK and to create an up-to-date overview of clinical and histological features, genetics, treatment, and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L M Gooskens
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein 60, 3015 GJ Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Toutain J, VuPhi Y, Doco-Fenzy M, Morice-Picard F, Stanislas S, Laharanne E, Cailley D, Vergnes P, Perel Y, Boccon-Gibod L, Deminiere C, Taine L. Identification of a complex 17q rearrangement in a metanephric stromal tumor. Cancer Genet 2011; 204:340-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Dorritie K, Montagna C, Difilippantonio MJ, Ried T. Advanced molecular cytogenetics in human and mouse. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2004; 4:663-76. [PMID: 15347260 PMCID: PMC4729310 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.4.5.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization, spectral karyotyping, multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization, comparative genomic hybridization, and more recently array comparative genomic hybridization, represent advancements in the field of molecular cytogenetics. The application of these techniques for the analysis of specimens from humans, or mouse models of human diseases, enables one to reliably identify and characterize complex chromosomal rearrangements resulting in alterations of the genome. As each of these techniques has advantages and limitations, a comprehensive analysis of cytogenetic aberrations can be accomplished through the utilization of a combination approach. As such, analyses of specific tumor types have proven invaluable in the identification of new tumor-specific chromosomal aberrations and imbalances (aneuploidy), as well as regions containing tumor-specific gene targets. Application of these techniques has already improved the classification of tumors into distinct categories, with the hope that this will lead to more tailored treatment strategies. These techniques, in particular the application of tumor-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization probes to interphase nuclei, are also powerful tools for the early identification of premalignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Montagna
- Genetics Branch, Center for CancerResearch, NCI/NIH, Bldg. 50, Rm. 1408, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892–0913, USA, Tel: +1 301 435 3986, Fax: +1 301 402 1204
| | - Michael J. Difilippantonio
- Genetics Branch, Center for CancerResearch, NCI/NIH, Bldg. 50, Rm. 1408, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892–8010, USA
| | - Thomas Ried
- Author for correspondence, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI/NIH, Bldg. 50, Rm. 1408, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892–8010, USA, Tel.: +1 301 594 3118, Fax: +1 301 435 4428,
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11
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Rakheja D, Weinberg AG, Tomlinson GE, Partridge K, Schneider NR. Translocation (10;17)(q22;p13): a recurring translocation in clear cell sarcoma of kidney. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 154:175-9. [PMID: 15474157 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2004] [Revised: 02/26/2004] [Accepted: 02/26/2004] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A clear cell sarcoma from the kidney of a 12-month-old male child manifested a balanced translocation, t(10;17)(q22;p13). This is the second report of this cytogenetic abnormality in renal clear cell sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, MC 9073, Children's Medical Center of Dallas and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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12
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Schuster AE, Schneider DT, Fritsch MK, Grundy P, Perlman EJ. Genetic and genetic expression analyses of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney. J Transl Med 2003; 83:1293-9. [PMID: 13679437 DOI: 10.1097/01.lab.0000087850.69363.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) represents a significant diagnostic and clinical challenge. In search of diagnostically useful or biologically significant genetic abnormalities, we screened 30 CCSKs from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group. Genetic gains and losses were analyzed using comparative genomic hybridization; loss of heterozygosity at 11p15 was studied using microsatellite analysis. Loss of imprinting (LOI) was studied using allele-specific expression or methylation analysis at the ApaI polymorphic site for IGF2, AluI and RsaI sites for H19, and Cfo I site for SNRPN. Comparative genomic hybridization analysis revealed quantitative abnormalities in only 4 of 30 CCSKs. Two showed gain of 1q, one also showed loss of 10q, and the other also showed loss of terminal 4p. The other two cases demonstrated chromosome 19 loss and chromosome 19p gain, respectively. All 22 cases informative for 11p15 showed retention of both alleles. Of 14 CCSKs informative for IGF2, six showed biallelic expression; all three CCSKs informative for H19 exhibited monoallelic expression. The normal imprint pattern was present in all six CCSKs analyzed for SNRPN methylation. These data demonstrate an absence of consistent genetic gains or losses in CCSKs using these methods. The high frequency of LOI for IGF2 in CCSKs (43%) is comparable to that reported in Wilms tumors. The retention of imprinting at the SNRPN and H19 loci confirm that LOI is not a ubiquitous epigenetic change. This suggests that IGF2, a potent growth factor, may play a role in the development or progression of CCSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Schuster
- The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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13
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Chang CC, Shidham VB. Molecular genetics of pediatric soft tissue tumors: clinical application. J Mol Diagn 2003; 5:143-54. [PMID: 12876204 PMCID: PMC1907327 DOI: 10.1016/s1525-1578(10)60466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2003] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of molecular genetics to pediatric soft tissue tumors has grown tremendously over the last decade. It has resulted in the identification of novel genes that have provided us with an increased understanding of oncogenesis. Furthermore, these findings have identified diagnostic and potentially prognostic factors for patient management. Molecular diagnostic techniques, such as reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), have become important tools for evaluating pediatric soft tissue tumors. By detecting characteristic fusion genes, these techniques have greatly increased the diagnostic accuracy of histopathological classification. One of the exciting promises of the development of these molecular techniques is their ability to detect micrometastasis and minimal residual disease. Monitoring of minimal residual disease in pediatric soft tissue tumors by quantitative RT-PCR may provide important prognostic information. Furthermore, the potential development of targeted therapy based on the understanding of the molecular pathology of a specific soft tissue tumor may complement existing treatments and improve disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Che Chang
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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14
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Abstract
A wide array of diagnostic tests are available to evaluate molecular abnormalities in pediatric cancer. Classic cytogenetics, FISH, flow cytometry, PCR, and Southern blot analysis are in widespread use throughout pediatric hospitals. Examples of the application of these methods in pediatric cancer diagnosis are reviewed. Newer methods such as CGH, SKY, gene expression microarrays and proteomic methods are under active investigation andwill almost certainly lead to significant advances in our ability to diagnose and treat pediatric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Rowland
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Research Center at Oakland, 747 52nd Street, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
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15
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Hsueh C, Wang H, Gonzalez-Crussi F, Lin JN, Hung IJ, Yang CP, Jiang TH. Infrequent p53 gene mutations and lack of p53 protein expression in clear cell sarcoma of the kidney: immunohistochemical study and mutation analysis of p53 in renal tumors of unfavorable prognosis. Mod Pathol 2002; 15:606-10. [PMID: 12065773 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3880573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A high prevalence of p53 gene mutation and protein expression has been found in the anaplastic variant of Wilms' tumor (WT), known to be associated with poor outcome. However, there are very few studies of p53 alterations in the other two rare and highly malignant renal tumors in childhood, in other words, clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) and malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (MRTK). Overexpression of p53 protein has been detected in eight CCSKs in one study, and in two in another, yet no molecular correlation with p53 gene mutations has been carried out. Our study is the first molecular analysis concerning p53 in CCSK. We investigated eight cases of CCSK and one case of MRTK for p53 protein expression by immunohistochemical staining. All were analyzed for p53 mutations in the region of exons 4 to 8 by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method and DNA sequencing analysis. By histological study, no CCSK showed anaplastic features. None expressed p53 protein, but two harbored p53 mutations. One was in exon 5, with a base pair insertion between codons 162 to 163 causing frameshift alteration in amino acid. Another was a silent CTC-->CTT transversion in codon 289 of exon 8. The case of MRTK did not show any alterations of p53 protein or gene. Our result indicates that p53 alterations are infrequent in CCSK and do not seem to be primary genetic events in the pathogenesis of CCSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen Hsueh
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Tao Yuan, Taiwan, ROC.
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16
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Struski S, Doco-Fenzy M, Cornillet-Lefebvre P. Compilation of published comparative genomic hybridization studies. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2002; 135:63-90. [PMID: 12072205 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(01)00624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The power of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has been clearly proven since the first paper appeared in 1992 as a tool to characterize chromosomal imbalances in neoplasias. This review summarizes the chromosomal imbalances detected by CGH in solid tumors and in hemopathies. In May of 2001, we took a census of 430 articles providing information on 11,984 cases of human solid tumors or hematologic malignancies. Comparative generic hybridization has detected a number of recurrent regions of amplification or deletion that allows for identification of new chromosomal loci (oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, or other genes) involved in the development, progression, and clonal evolution of tumors. When CGH data from different studies are combined, a pattern of nonrandom genetic aberrations appears. As expected, some of these gains and losses are common to different types of pathologies, while others are more tumor-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Struski
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Robert Debré-CHU Reims, Reims, France
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