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Lai YH, Wang YS. Advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry techniques for analysis of high mass-to-charge ions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:2426-2445. [PMID: 35686331 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in modern mass spectrometry (MS) is achieving high mass resolving power and accuracy for precision analyses in high mass-to-charge (m/z) regions. To advance the capability of MS for increasingly demanding applications, understanding limitations of state-of-the-art techniques and their status in applied sciences is essential. This review summarizes important instruments in high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and related advances to extend their working range to high m/z regions. It starts with an overview of HRMS techniques that provide adequate performance for macromolecular analysis, including Fourier-transform, time-of-flight (TOF), quadrupole-TOF, and related data-processing techniques. Methodologies and applications of HRMS for characterizing macromolecules in biochemistry and material sciences are summarized, such as top-down proteomics, native MS, drug discovery, structural virology, and polymer analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hung Lai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Sheng Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Brais CJ, Ibañez JO, Schwartz AJ, Ray SJ. RECENT ADVANCES IN INSTRUMENTAL APPROACHES TO TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:647-669. [PMID: 32779281 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) is one of the simplest and most powerful approaches for mass spectrometry. Realization of the advantages inherent in TOFMS requires innovation in the theory and practice of the technique. Instrumental developments, in turn, create new capabilities that enable applications in chemical measurement. This review focuses on the recent advances in TOFMS instrumentation. New strategies for ion acceleration, multiplexed detection, miniaturized TOFMS instruments, approaches to extend the length of ion flight, and novel ion detection technologies are reviewed. Techniques that change the basic paradigm of TOFMS by measuring m/z based on ion flight distance are considered, as are applications at the frontiers of instrumental performance. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brais
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | | | | | - Steven J Ray
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
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Gas chromatography in combination with fast high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Technical overview and perspectives for data visualization. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Radionova A, Filippov I, Derrick PJ. In pursuit of resolution in time-of-flight mass spectrometry: A historical perspective. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:738-757. [PMID: 25970566 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight mass spectrometry is reviewed from its inception in the 1940s to the present day. The review is concerned with fundamentals of time-of-flight analyzers and of ion sources to the extent that sources influence analyzers. The patent literature has been covered, and efforts made to bring to light less well-known papers and studies © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev. 35:738-757, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Radionova
- Department of Physics and Ion Innovations Laboratory, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Igor Filippov
- Department of Physics and Ion Innovations Laboratory, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Peter J Derrick
- Department of Physics and Ion Innovations Laboratory, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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Satoh T, Kubo A, Hazama H, Awazu K, Toyoda M. Separation of Isobaric Compounds Using a Spiral Orbit Type Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer, MALDI-SpiralTOF. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2014; 3:S0027. [PMID: 26819897 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer that utilizes spiral ion trajectory, SpiralTOF, is reported. The total flight path length was 17 m, which is five times longer than that in commonly used reflectron ion optical system. The SpiralTOF reduced the dependence of the mass resolving power on the mass of the analyte, while improving the accuracy of the mass measurements. Furthermore, SpiralTOF has two advantages that can be exploited for the separation of minor abundant isobaric components in mass spectra. One is the reduction in chemical background due to the post source decay (PSD), which is achieved through PSD ion elimination by electrostatic sectors contained within the SpiralTOF. The other is that the stabilities of peak positions are improved during mass spectrum accumulation. The peak drift caused by the fine structure of matrix crystals and the small irregularities on the sample surface can be reduced by extending the flight path. In this study, these advantages are demonstrated via the analysis of a block copolymer and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hisanao Hazama
- Medical Beam Physics Lab., School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Kunio Awazu
- Medical Beam Physics Lab., School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Michisato Toyoda
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
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Gundlach-Graham AW, Dennis EA, Ray SJ, Enke CG, Carado AJ, Barinaga CJ, Koppenaal DW, Hieftje GM. Extension of the focusable mass range in distance-of-flight mass spectrometry with multiple detectors. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:2526-2534. [PMID: 23008070 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Distance-of-flight mass spectrometry (DOFMS) is a velocity-based mass separation technique in which ions are spread across a spatially selective detector according to m/z. In this work, we investigate the practical mass range available for DOFMS with a finite-length detector. METHODS A glow-discharge DOFMS instrument has been constructed for the analysis of atomic ions. This instrument was modified to accommodate two spatially selective ion detectors, arranged co-linearly, along the mass-separation axis of the analyzer. With this geometry, each detector covers a different portion of the distance-of-flight spectrum and ions are detected simultaneously at the two detectors. The total flight distance covered by the two detectors is 106 mm and simulates DOF detection across a broad mass range. RESULTS DOFMS theory predicts that ions of all m/z values are focused at a single flight time, but at m/z-dependent flight distances. Therefore, ions that are detected across a wide portion of the DOF axis should all yield the same peak widths. With a focal-plane camera detector and a micro-channel plate/phosphor-screen detection assembly, we found simultaneous, uniform focus of (40)Ar(2)(+) and of (65)Cu(+) and (63)Cu(+) with the ions spread 82 mm across the DOF axis. This detection length, combined with the current instrument geometry, allows for a simultaneously detectable m/z value of 4:3 (high mass-to-low mass). CONCLUSIONS These results are the first experimental verification that constant-momentum acceleration (CMA)-DOFMS provides energy focus across an extended detection length. Evidence presented demonstrates that DOFMS is amenable to detection with (at least) a 100-mm detector surface. These results indicate that DOFMS is well suited for detection of broader mass ranges.
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Shimma S, Miki S, Toyoda M. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) analysis using a miniaturized high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer “MULTUM-S II”. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 14:1664-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c2em30112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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SATO T, TERAMOTO K, SATOH T, UEDA Y. Ethylene Oxide-Propylene Oxide block Copolymer Analysis by MALDI Spiral-TOF/TOF. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2012. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.69.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Shimma S, Nagao H, Aoki J, Takahashi K, Miki S, Toyoda M. Miniaturized High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer MULTUM-S II with an Infinite Flight Path. Anal Chem 2010; 82:8456-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1010348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Shimma
- Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Venture Business Laboratory, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Renovation Center of Instruments for Science Education and Technology, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, and MSI TOKYO Inc., Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0036, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nagao
- Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Venture Business Laboratory, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Renovation Center of Instruments for Science Education and Technology, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, and MSI TOKYO Inc., Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0036, Japan
| | - Jun Aoki
- Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Venture Business Laboratory, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Renovation Center of Instruments for Science Education and Technology, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, and MSI TOKYO Inc., Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0036, Japan
| | - Keiji Takahashi
- Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Venture Business Laboratory, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Renovation Center of Instruments for Science Education and Technology, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, and MSI TOKYO Inc., Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0036, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miki
- Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Venture Business Laboratory, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Renovation Center of Instruments for Science Education and Technology, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, and MSI TOKYO Inc., Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0036, Japan
| | - Michisato Toyoda
- Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Venture Business Laboratory, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Renovation Center of Instruments for Science Education and Technology, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, and MSI TOKYO Inc., Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0036, Japan
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Toyoda M. Development of multi-turn time-of-flight mass spectrometers and their applications. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2010; 16:397-406. [PMID: 20530824 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The mass resolution of a time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometer is directly proportional to its total flight path length. We have developed multi-turn ToF mass spectrometers, where ions are stored in a fixed orbit within electrostatic sectors and allowed to propagate the said orbit numerous times. With each successive orbit, the flight path is correspondingly increasing. The first multi-turn ToF mass spectrometer, the MULTUM Linear plus, was developed for cometary exploration. The spectrometer consists of four cylindrical electrostatic sectors and 28 electrostatic quadrupole lenses. The size of the analyzer is 40 cm square. Mass resolution is demonstrated to increase according to the number of ion cycles. A mass resolution of greater than 350,000 was achieved after 501.5 cycles. Another multi-turn ToF mass spectrometer, the MULTUM II, which consists of only four toroidal electrostatic sectors, was also developed in an effort to reduce the number of quadrupole lenses. We are developing various types of mass spectrometer based on the MULTUM II technology, a ToF/ToF mass spectrometer "MULTUM- TOF/TOF", a stigmatic imaging mass spectrometer "MULTUM-IMG" and miniature mass spectrometers of high mass resolving power, the "MULTUM-S" series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michisato Toyoda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan.
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Nishiguchi M, Ueno Y, Toyoda M, Setou M. Design of a new multi-turn ion optical system 'IRIS' for a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2009; 44:594-604. [PMID: 19034931 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new multi-turn ion optical system 'IRIS' has been designed for use with a high-performance time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer, which satisfies the new design concepts of time focusing and phase space stability. It has an elliptical flight path composed of four toroidal electric sectors, with a flight path length for one lap of 0.974 m. Dimensions and voltages of sector electrodes have been optimized to satisfy theoretical requirements by simulations using surface charge method. Generally, multi-turn instruments require an injection and ejection system to inject and eject ions. On the basis of this ion optical study, we have designed an injection and ejection ion optical system, which achieves time focusing for the total system. Furthermore, we have designed novel field-adjusting electrodes (FAEs) for the perforated sectors in the injection and ejection systems, which accurately correct the electric potential around the perforated sector's hole. We have also used simulations to evaluate mass resolving power and ion transmissions for various lap numbers or flight path lengths. Through these we have confirmed that mass resolving powers of over 100,000 can be achieved with reasonable ion transmissions for a given set of initial conditions. Usually a multi-turn TOF mass spectrometer with a closed optic axis has mass range limitations from overtaking ions. To solve this problem, a TOF segmentation method is proposed that identifies all peaks in a TOF spectrum, including those from overtaking ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nishiguchi
- Production/Design Technology Center, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan.
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Iwamoto K, Nagao H, Toyoda M. Development of an ion trap/multi-turn time-of-flight mass spectrometer with potential- lift. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2009; 15:249-260. [PMID: 19423910 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An ion trap/multi-turn time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometer with potential-lift has been developed. This system consists of an external ion source, a lens system, an ion trap, a potential-lift, a multi-turn ToF mass spectrometer and a detector. The ion trap consists of hyperbolic electrode cross-sections (Paul trap) and is used as an ion storage device. The potential-lift, which is part of the flight tube, was attached between the ion trap and the multi-turn ToF mass spectrometer. The potential-lift is known to be useful for increasing the kinetic energy of the ions. In order to check the ability of the potential-lift, mass distributions of [(CsI)(n) Cs]+ clusters (n = 1-9) were measured. The relative intensity ratios of the [(CsI)(n)Cs]+ clusters were consistent with the results obtained using other apparatus. To check the properties of the new apparatus, Xe+ isotopes were analyzed using either a linear or multi-turn ToF mass spectrometer. In the linear mode, the mass resolution was 500. In the multi-turn mode, the resolution depended on the number of cycles of the multi-turn ToF mass spectrometer; the mass resolution was 4400 (FWHM) after nine cycles. This new apparatus with a high resolution will be useful for measurements of ion-molecule reactions and photodissociations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Shimma S, Nagao H, Giannakopulos AE, Hayakawa S, Awazu K, Toyoda M. High-energy collision-induced dissociation of phosphopeptides using a multi-turn tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer 'MULTUM-TOF/TOF'. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:535-537. [PMID: 18069747 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Satoh T, Sato T, Tamura J. Development of a high-performance MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer utilizing a spiral ion trajectory. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2007; 18:1318-23. [PMID: 17512213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2006] [Revised: 04/09/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer that utilizes a spiral ion trajectory was developed. In this mass spectrometer, the ions sequentially passed through four toroidal electrostatic sectors and revolved along a figure-eight-shaped orbit on a particular projection plane. Each toroidal electrostatic sector had eight stories, and during multiple revolutions, the ion trajectory shifted perpendicular to the projection plane in every cycle, thereby generating a spiral trajectory. The flight path length of one cycle was 2.1 m; therefore, when the ions completed eight cycles, the total flight path length was 17 m. By adopting an ion optical system that had a flight path length five times longer than that in the commonly used reflectron ion optical system, the mass dependence on the mass resolving power was reduced, while improving the mass accuracy of the mass measurements. The basic performance of the system was tested by using standard peptides or the tryptic digest of bovine serum albumin. A mass resolving power of 80,000 (full width at half maximum) was achieved at m/z = 2564 (ACTH18-39). An improved mass accuracy less than 2 ppm was realized over a wide m/z range of 500 to 3000 by correction using one or two internal standard substances.
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Toyoda M, Giannakopulos AE, Colburn AW, Derrick PJ. High-energy collision induced dissociation fragmentation pathways of peptides, probed using a multiturn tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer "MULTUM-TOF/TOF". THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:074101. [PMID: 17672775 DOI: 10.1063/1.2751403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A new multiturn tandem time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer "MULTUM-TOF/TOF" has been designed and constructed. It consists of a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization ion source, a multiturn TOF mass spectrometer, a collision cell, and a quadratic-field ion mirror. The multiturn TOF mass spectrometer can overcome the problem of precursor ion selection in TOF, due to insufficient time separation between two adjacent TOF peaks, by increasing the number of cycles. As a result, the total TOF increases with the increase in resolving power. The quadratic-field ion mirror allows temporal focusing for fragment ions with different kinetic energies. Product ion spectra from monoisotopically selected precursor ions of angiotensin I, substance P, and bradykinin have been obtained. The fragment ions observed are mainly the result of high-energy collision induced dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michisato Toyoda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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SHIMMA S, NAGAO H, TOYODA M. Charge-Remote Fragmentation of Phospholipids in a Multi-Turn Tandem Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer"MULTUM-TOF/TOF". ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.5702/massspec.55.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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TOYODA M, NISHIGUCHI M. Simulation of Beam Profile of Multi-Turn Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.5702/massspec.55.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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ICHIHARA T, UCHIDA S, ISHIHARA M, KATAKUSE I, TOYODA M. Construction of a Palmtop Size Multi-Turn Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer "MULTUM-S". ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.5702/massspec.55.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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SATOH T, TSUNO H, IWANAGA M, KAMMEI Y. A New Spiral Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer for High Mass Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.5702/massspec.54.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Satoh T, Tsuno H, Iwanaga M, Kammei Y. The design and characteristic features of a new time-of-flight mass spectrometer with a spiral ion trajectory. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2005; 16:1969-75. [PMID: 16246577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Revised: 08/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A new time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer with a corkscrew ion trajectory was designed and constructed. The spiral trajectory was realized by using four toroidal electrostatic sectors. Each had fifteen-stories made of sixteen Matsuda plates piled up inside a cylindrical electrostatic sector. The ions passed the four toroidal electrostatic sectors sequentially and revolved along a figure-eight-shaped orbit on a certain projection plane. During the multiple revolutions, each ion trajectory was shifted by 50 mm per cycle on a direction perpendicular to the projection plane, thus generating a spiral trajectory. The flight path length of one cycle was 1.308 m so that the maximum flight path length became approximately 20 m. The mass resolution, mass accuracy, and ion transmission were tested by utilizing an orthogonally coupled electron ionization source. A mass resolution of 35,000 (FWHM) for m/z greater than 300 was achieved. Even in a lower mass region, mass resolutions of more than 20,000 (FWHM) were confirmed with a doublet of (12)C(5)(1)H(5)(14)N(+) and (13)C(12)C(5)(1)H(6)(+). The mass accuracy was also improved such that it was better than 1 ppm with only one internal standard peak. An ion transmission of approximately of 100% was observed for 15 cycles.
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Toyoda M, Giannakopulos AE, Colburn AW, Derrick PJ. A tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer: combination of a multi-turn time-of-flight and a quadratic-field mirror. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2005; 11:181-7. [PMID: 16046802 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A tandem time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometer consisting of a multi-turn time-of-flight (ToF) and a quadratic-field ion mirror has been designed and constructed. The instrument combines the unique capabilities of both ToF instruments, namely high-resolution and monoisotopic precursor ion selection from the multi-turn ToF and temporal focus for fragment ions with different kinetic energies from the quadratic-field mirror. The first tandem mass spectra for this unique combination of ToF systems are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michisato Toyoda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Toyoda M, Okumura D, Ishihara M, Katakuse I. Multi-turn time-of-flight mass spectrometers with electrostatic sectors. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2003; 38:1125-1142. [PMID: 14648820 DOI: 10.1002/jms.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The mass resolution of a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer is directly proportional to its total flight pathlength. Multi-turn or multi-passage ion optical geometries are necessary to obtain fight distances of sufficient length within reasonable size limitations. We have investigated ion optics for a multi-turn TOF mass spectrometer with electrostatic sectors. The concept of 'perfect' focusing conditions is introduced. Furthermore, a new type of multi-turn TOF mass spectrometer, the MULTUM Linear plus, was developed. It consists of four cylindrical electric sectors and 28 electric quadrupole lenses. It has a vacuum chamber 60 x 70 x 20 cm in size. Mass resolution is demonstrated to increase according to the number of ion cycles. A mass resolution of 350 000 (m/z = 28, FWHM) was achieved after 501.5 cycles. The MULTUM Linear plus analyzer is not simple, however; 28 electric quadrupole lenses are used. In order to reduce the number of ion optical parts, an improved multi-turn TOF mass spectrometer, the MULTUM II, consisting of only four toroidal electric sectors, was also developed. The possibility of tandem mass spectrometric applications using multi-turn TOF mass spectrometers is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michisato Toyoda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-16 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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OKUMURA D, TOYODA M, ISHIHARA M, KATAKUSE I. A Simple Multi-Turn Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer 'MULTUM II'. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.5702/massspec.51.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
There have been many new and exciting developments in mass spectrometer systems in recent years. Many of these developments are being driven by challenges presented by molecular biology. The activity is fueled by resources being devoted to drug development, for example, and other medically and biologically related activities. Progress in these applications will be accelerated by improved sensitivity, specificity, and speed. In mass spectrometry, this translates to greater mass resolving power, mass accuracy, mass-to-charge range, efficiency, and speed. It is safe to say that the demands resulting from current analytical needs are likely to be met to varying degrees but probably not by a single analyzer technology or hybrid instrument. On-line and/or off-line separations and manipulations combined with mass spectrometry will also play increasingly important roles. For any analyzer, or combination of analyzers, to become widely used it must have an important application for which its figures of merit are best suited, relative to competing approaches. The relative cost of competing technologies is also an important factor. The mass filter has seen so much use in the past 30 years because its characteristics best fit a wide range of applications. As an example, biological applications, which are currently driving many instrument development activities in mass spectrometry, demand more information, of higher quality, from less material, faster, and at lower cost. Which technologies will dominate biological applications in the coming years is open to speculation. However, in considering the relative merits of today's dominant mass analyzers, areas of opportunity for improvement are apparent. Furthermore, new and more demanding measurement needs are constantly being recognized that will continue to exercise the creativity of the mass spectrometry community.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A McLuckey
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393, USA.
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