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Wei Z, Zhao Y, Cai J, Xie Y. The Nucleolar Protein C1orf131 Is a Novel Gene Involved in the Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells through the AKT Signalling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6381. [PMID: 38928092 PMCID: PMC11203618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most widespread cancer in the world, and its development is associated with complex biological mechanisms that are poorly understood. Here, we revealed a marked upregulation in the mRNA level of C1orf131 in LUAD samples compared to non-tumor tissue samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Depletion of C1orf131 suppressed cell proliferation and growth, whereas it stimulated apoptosis in LUAD cells. Mechanistic investigations revealed that C1orf131 knockdown induced cell cycle dysregulation via the AKT and p53/p21 signalling pathways. Additionally, C1orf131 knockdown blocked cell migration through the modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung adenocarcinoma. Notably, we identified the C1orf131 protein nucleolar localization sequence, which included amino acid residues 137-142 (KKRKLT) and 240-245 (KKKRKG). Collectively, C1orf131 has potential as a novel therapeutic marker for patients in the future, as it plays a vital role in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Wei
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;
| | - Yiming Zhao
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;
| | - Jing Cai
- National Talent Introduction Demonstration Base, the College of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China;
| | - Yajun Xie
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;
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2
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Suh YS, Lee J, George J, Seol D, Jeong K, Oh SY, Bang C, Jun Y, Kong SH, Lee HJ, Kim JI, Kim WH, Yang HK, Lee C. RNA expression of 6 genes from metastatic mucosal gastric cancer serves as the global prognostic marker for gastric cancer with functional validation. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1571-1584. [PMID: 38467827 PMCID: PMC11059174 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular analysis of advanced tumors can increase tumor heterogeneity and selection bias. We developed a robust prognostic signature for gastric cancer by comparing RNA expression between very rare early gastric cancers invading only mucosal layer (mEGCs) with lymph node metastasis (Npos) and those without metastasis (Nneg). METHODS Out of 1003 mEGCs, all Npos were matched to Nneg using propensity scores. Machine learning approach comparing Npos and Nneg was used to develop prognostic signature. The function and robustness of prognostic signature was validated using cell lines and external datasets. RESULTS Extensive machine learning with cross-validation identified the prognostic classifier consisting of four overexpressed genes (HDAC5, NPM1, DTX3, and PPP3R1) and two downregulated genes (MED12 and TP53), and enabled us to develop the risk score predicting poor prognosis. Cell lines engineered to high-risk score showed increased invasion, migration, and resistance to 5-FU and Oxaliplatin but maintained sensitivity to an HDAC inhibitor. Mouse models after tail vein injection of cell lines with high-risk score revealed increased metastasis. In three external cohorts, our risk score was identified as the independent prognostic factor for overall and recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSION The risk score from the 6-gene classifier can successfully predict the prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Suhk Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Joshy George
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Donghyeok Seol
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kyoungyun Jeong
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Young Oh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chanmi Bang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yukyung Jun
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
- Center for Supercomputing Applications, Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Charles Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA.
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Sakthivel D, Brown-Suedel A, Bouchier-Hayes L. The role of the nucleolus in regulating the cell cycle and the DNA damage response. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:203-241. [PMID: 37061332 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The nucleolus has long been perceived as the site for ribosome biogenesis, but numerous studies suggest that the nucleolus carefully sequesters crucial proteins involved in multiple cellular functions. Among these, the role of nucleolus in cell cycle regulation is the most evident. The nucleolus is the first responder of growth-related signals to mediate normal cell cycle progression. The nucleolus also senses different cellular stress insults by activating diverse pathways that arrest the cell cycle, promote DNA repair, or initiate apoptosis. Here, we review the emerging concepts on how the ribosomal and nonribosomal nucleolar proteins mediate such cellular effects.
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Zhao Z, Cai Z, Jiang T, Han J, Zhang B. Histone Chaperones and Digestive Cancer: A Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225584. [PMID: 36428674 PMCID: PMC9688693 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global burden of digestive cancer is expected to increase. Therefore, crucial for the prognosis of patients with these tumors is to identify early diagnostic markers or novel therapeutic targets. There is accumulating evidence connecting histone chaperones to the pathogenesis of digestive cancer. Histone chaperones are now broadly defined as a class of proteins that bind histones and regulate nucleosome assembly. Recent studies have demonstrated that multiple histone chaperones are aberrantly expressed and have distinct roles in digestive cancers. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to present the current evidence regarding the role of histone chaperones in digestive cancer, particularly their mechanism in the development and progression of esophageal, gastric, liver, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. In addition, the prognostic significance of particular histone chaperones in patients with digestive cancer is discussed. METHODS According to PRISMA guidelines, we searched the PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE databases to identify studies on histone chaperones and digestive cancer from inception until June 2022. RESULTS A total of 104 studies involving 21 histone chaperones were retrieved. CONCLUSIONS This review confirms the roles and mechanisms of selected histone chaperones in digestive cancer and suggests their significance as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, due to their non-specificity, more research on histone chaperones should be conducted in the future to elucidate novel strategies of histone chaperones for prognosis and treatment of digestive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhao
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhaolun Cai
- Division of Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tianxiang Jiang
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junhong Han
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +86-28-854-228-72
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5
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Choudhury RH, Symonds P, Paston SJ, Daniels I, Cook KW, Gijon M, Metheringham RL, Brentville VA, Durrant LG. PAD-2-mediated citrullination of nucleophosmin provides an effective target for tumor immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003526. [PMID: 35140112 PMCID: PMC8830261 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enzymatic conversion of arginine to citrulline is involved in gene and protein regulation and in alerting the immune system to stressed cells, including tumor cells. Nucleophosmin (NPM) is a nuclear protein that plays key roles in cellular metabolism including ribosome biogenesis, mRNA processing and chromatin remodeling and is regulated by citrullination. In this study, we explored if the same citrullinated arginines within NPM are involved in gene regulation and immune activation. METHODS HLA-DP4 and HLA-DR4 transgenic mice were immunized with 22 citrullinated NPM overlapping peptides and immune responses to the peptides were assessed by ex vivo ELISpot assays. Antitumor immunity of NPM targeted vaccination was assessed by challenging transgenic mice with B16F1 HHDII/iDP4, B16F1 HHDII/PAD2KOcDP4, B16F1 HHDII and Lewis lung carcinoma cells/cDP4 cells subcutaneously. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy donors were stimulated with NPM266-285cit peptides with/without CD45RO+memory cell depletion to assess if the responses in human were naïve or memory. RESULTS In contrast to NPM regulation, which is mediated by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD4) citrullination of arginine at position 197, only citrullinated NPM266-285 peptide induced a citrulline-specific CD4 T cell response in transgenic mice models expressing human HLA-DP4 or HLA-DR4. Vaccinations with the NPM266-285cit peptide stimulated antitumor responses that resulted in dramatic tumor therapy, greatly improved survival, and protected against rechallenge without further vaccination. The antitumor response was lost if MHCII expression on the tumor cells was knocked out demonstrating direct presentation of the NPM266-285cit epitope in tumors. This antitumor response was lost in B16 tumors lacking PAD2 enzyme indicating NPM266cit is citrullinated by PAD2 in this model. Assessment of the T cell repertoire in healthy individuals and patients with lung cancer also showed CD4 T cells that respond to NPM266-285cit. The proliferative CD4 responses displayed a Th1 profile as they were accompanied with increased IFNγ and granzyme B expression. Depletion of CD45RO+ memory cells prior to stimulation suggested that responses originated from a naïve population in healthy donors. CONCLUSION This study indicates PAD2 can citrullinate the nuclear antigen NPM at position 277 which can be targeted by CD4 T cells for antitumor therapy. This is distinct from PAD4 citrullination of arginine 197 within NPM which results in its transport from the nucleoli to the nucleoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lindy G Durrant
- Scancell Ltd, Nottingham, UK .,University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Scancell Ltd, Nottingham, UK
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6
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The Role of Nucleophosmin 1 ( NPM1) Mutation in the Diagnosis and Management of Myeloid Neoplasms. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12010109. [PMID: 35054502 PMCID: PMC8780493 DOI: 10.3390/life12010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a multifunctional protein with both proliferative and growth-suppressive roles in the cell. In humans, NPM1 is involved in tumorigenesis via chromosomal translocations, deletions, or mutation. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with mutated NPM1, a distinct diagnostic entity by the current WHO Classification of myeloid neoplasm, represents the most common diagnostic subtype in AML and is associated with a favorable prognosis. The persistence of NPM1 mutation in AML at relapse makes this mutation an ideal target for minimal measurable disease (MRD) detection. The clinical implication of this is far-reaching because NPM1-mutated AML is currently classified as being of standard risk, with the best treatment strategy (transplantation versus chemotherapy) yet undefined. Myeloid neoplasms with NPM1 mutations and <20% blasts are characterized by an aggressive clinical course and a rapid progression to AML. The pathological classification of these cases remains controversial. Future studies will determine whether NPM1 gene mutation may be sufficient for diagnosing NPM1-mutated AML independent of the blast count. This review aims to summarize the role of NPM1 in normal cells and in human cancer and discusses its current role in clinical management of AML and related myeloid neoplasms.
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7
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Zheng S, Li X, Deng T, Liu R, Bai J, Zuo T, Guo Y, Chen J. KPNA2 promotes renal cell carcinoma proliferation and metastasis via NPM. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9255-9267. [PMID: 34469024 PMCID: PMC8500977 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2), involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport, has been reported to be up‐regulated in tumorigenesis. However, comprehensive studies of KPNA2 functions in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are still lacking. In this study, we aim to investigate the roles of KPNA2 in kidney tumour development. Our results showed that down‐regulation of KPNA2 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of kidney tumour cell cells in vitro, while the cell cycle arrest and cellular apoptosis were induced once KPNA2 was silenced. Repression of KPNA2 was proved to be efficient to repress tumorigenesis and development of kidney tumour in in nude mice. Furthermore, one related participator, NPM, was identified based on Co‐IP/MS and bioinformatics analyses. The up‐regulation of NPM attenuates the efficiency of knockdown KPNA2. These results indicated that KPNA2 may regulate NPM to play a crucial role for kidney tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zheng
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Deng
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junjie Bai
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Teng Zuo
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yinan Guo
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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8
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Nucleophosmin/B23 promotes endometrial cancer cell escape from macrophage phagocytosis by increasing CD24 expression. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1125-1137. [PMID: 33954835 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic breakthroughs, advanced and/or recurrent endometrial cancer still poses a significant health burden globally. While immunotherapy can theoretically lead to durable responses, the benefits to patients remain limited. In an effort to identify novel immunotherapeutic targets, we specifically focused on the potential role of nucleophosmin (NPM, also known as B23) - a nucleolar phosphoprotein involved in tumorigenesis - in cancer immune evasion. Expression profiling with oligonucleotide microarrays was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes in NPM/B23-silenced endometrial cancer cells. CD24 - a heat-stable antigen commonly overexpressed in solid tumors and a target for cancer immunotherapy - was identified as one of the key NPM/B23-regulated molecules. We found that NPM/B23 was capable of inducing CD24 expression, with the Sp1 binding site in the CD24 promoter being essential for NPM/B23-mediated transcriptional activation. Interestingly, NPM/B23 silencing in endometrial cancer cells enhanced phagocytic removal by macrophages through a decreased exposure of CD24 on the cell surface. Conversely, restoration of CD24 expression in NPM/B23-silenced endometrial cancer cells inhibited macrophage-mediated phagocytosis. These results indicate that NPM/B23-driven CD24 overexpression enables endometrial cancer cells to evade from phagocytosis. We further suggest that CD24 may serve as a novel target for endometrial cancer immunotherapy. KEY MESSAGES: NPM/B23 induced CD24 expression in endometrial tumorigenesis. Sp1 binding site in the CD24 promoter is essential for the activation. NPM/B23 silencing enhanced phagocytosis by macrophages through decrease of CD24 on cancer cells. Restoration of CD24 expression in NPM/B23-silenced cancer cells inhibited macrophage-mediated phagocytosis.
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9
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Rossouw SC, Bendou H, Blignaut RJ, Bell L, Rigby J, Christoffels A. Evaluation of Protein Purification Techniques and Effects of Storage Duration on LC-MS/MS Analysis of Archived FFPE Human CRC Tissues. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:622855. [PMID: 34257588 PMCID: PMC8262168 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.622855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate cancer pathogenesis and its mechanisms at the molecular level, the collecting and characterization of large individual patient tissue cohorts are required. Since most pathology institutes routinely preserve biopsy tissues by standardized methods of formalin fixation and paraffin embedment, these archived FFPE tissues are important collections of pathology material that include patient metadata, such as medical history and treatments. FFPE blocks can be stored under ambient conditions for decades, while retaining cellular morphology, due to modifications induced by formalin. However, the effect of long-term storage, at resource-limited institutions in developing countries, on extractable protein quantity/quality has not yet been investigated. In addition, the optimal sample preparation techniques required for accurate and reproducible results from label-free LC-MS/MS analysis across block ages remains unclear. This study investigated protein extraction efficiency of 1, 5, and 10-year old human colorectal carcinoma resection tissue and assessed three different gel-free protein purification methods for label-free LC-MS/MS analysis. A sample size of n = 17 patients per experimental group (with experiment power = 0.7 and α = 0.05, resulting in 70% confidence level) was selected. Data were evaluated in terms of protein concentration extracted, peptide/protein identifications, method reproducibility and efficiency, sample proteome integrity (due to storage time), as well as protein/peptide distribution according to biological processes, cellular components, and physicochemical properties. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017198. The results indicate that the amount of protein extracted is significantly dependent on block age (p < 0.0001), with older blocks yielding less protein than newer blocks. Detergent removal plates were the most efficient and overall reproducible protein purification method with regard to number of peptide and protein identifications, followed by the MagReSyn® SP3/HILIC method (with on-bead enzymatic digestion), and lastly the acetone precipitation and formic acid resolubilization method. Overall, the results indicate that long-term storage of FFPE tissues (as measured by methionine oxidation) does not considerably interfere with retrospective proteomic analysis (p > 0.1). Block age mainly affects initial protein extraction yields and does not extensively impact on subsequent label-free LC-MS/MS analysis results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C. Rossouw
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Hocine Bendou
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Renette J. Blignaut
- Department of Statistics and Population Studies, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Liam Bell
- Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Rigby
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alan Christoffels
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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10
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Yu ACY, Chern YJ, Zhang P, Pasiliao CC, Rahman M, Chang G, Ren J, Tai IT. Inhibition of nucleophosmin 1 suppresses colorectal cancer tumor growth of patient -derived xenografts via activation of p53 and inhibition of AKT. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:112-123. [PMID: 33446037 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1839278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) protein is frequently overexpressed in various cancers compared to normal tissues and represents a potential biomarker for maliganancy. However, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still not fully understood. In this report, we show that NPM1 levels in CRC correlate with prognosis and sensitivity to chemotherapy. NPM1 expression was found to be significantly increased in CRC tumors (P < .001) and was associated with poor overall 5-year survival (P < .05). For individuals with Stage IV disease, this represented a reduction in survival by 11 months (P < .01; HR = 0.38, CI [0.21, 0.69]. In vitro, we show that NPM1 gene silencing enhanced the chemosensitivity of CRC cells and that pharmacological inhibition of NPM1 by NSC348884 triggered the onset of programmed cell death. Our immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analyses also revealed that blocking NPM1 function sensitized CRC cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis through a mechanism that involves proteins in the AKT pathway. Consistent with the in vitro data, our patient-derived CRC xenograft model showed that inhibition of NPM1 suppressed tumor growth and attenuated AKT signaling in vivo. Moreover, LY294002, an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT pathway, restored the chemosensitivity of CRC cells expressing high levels of NPM1. The findings that NPM1's expression in CRC tissue correlates with prognosis and supports anti-apoptotic activity mediated by AKT signaling, further our understanding of the role of NPM1 in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel C Y Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yi-Jye Chern
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Clarissa C Pasiliao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mahbuba Rahman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - George Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jianhua Ren
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Isabella T Tai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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11
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Nucleophosmin 1 Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060649. [PMID: 32545659 PMCID: PMC7348733 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a ubiquitously expressed nucleolar protein involved in ribosome biogenesis, the maintenance of genomic integrity and the regulation of the ARF-p53 tumor-suppressor pathway among multiple other functions. Mutations in the corresponding gene cause a cytoplasmic dislocation of the NPM1 protein. These mutations are unique to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a disease characterized by clonal expansion, impaired differentiation and the proliferation of myeloid cells in the bone marrow. Despite our improved understanding of NPM1 mutations and their consequences, the underlying leukemia pathogenesis is still unclear. Recent studies that focused on dysregulated gene expression in AML with mutated NPM1 have shed more light into these mechanisms. In this article, we review the current evidence on normal functions of NPM1 and aberrant functioning in AML, and highlight investigational strategies targeting these mutations.
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12
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CD40 is Positively Correlated with the Expression of Nucleophosmin in Cisplatin-Resistant Bladder Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:3676751. [PMID: 32411234 PMCID: PMC7204159 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3676751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective To verify and evaluate the value of CD40 as a noninvasive biomarker of cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer, we studied the expression of CD40 and the correlation between nucleophosmin (NPM1) and CD40 in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer. Methods Three cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cell lines (T24/0.8DDP, BIU87/0.3DDP, and PUMC-91/0.6DDP) were studied, and lentivirus was used to silence NPM1 expression. The expression of CD40 and NPM1 in three NPM1 silencing bladder cancer cell lines were detected by fluorescence microscopy and Western Blot. The effects and proteomic bioinformatics of NPM1 gene knockout on cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gene ontology analysis (GO analysis). Results The NPM1 gene was successfully silenced in three drug-resistant bladder cancer cell lines by lentivirus infection. The knockdown efficiency was 70%. After NPM1 gene knockout, 492 differential proteins were detected by LC-MS, whose fold change was more than 1.5 (p < 0.05). A total of 57022 peptides, 54347 unique peptides, and 6686 protein groups were identified in all proteins of the tested cells (FDR < 0.01). Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis showed that 264 functional proteins were downregulated and 228 functional proteins were upregulated in the gene silencing group compared with those of the negative controls. By GO analysis, the proteins affected by NPM1 cover a large number of proteins with biological functions, which may play an important role in the development of tumor in 492 differential proteins. The CD40 was the most significantly downregulated protein after NPM1 silencing, with a difference of 2.6-fold change in abundance. Conclusions There is a positive correlation between CD40 protein and NPM1 protein in drug-resistant bladder cancer. Because NPM1 can reflect the characteristics of bladder cancer, CD40 may be a more sensitive marker for monitoring the prognosis of bladder cancer.
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13
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Kim D, Kim YH, Kang JH, Park CS. Increased expression of nucleophosmin is associated with the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Auris Nasus Larynx 2020; 47:807-813. [PMID: 32139285 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nucleophosmin (NPM1) has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiologic mechanism of inflammatory disorders. We measured the expression level of NPM1 in nasal polyp (NP) tissues of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). We also assessed the correlation between NPM1 expression and other parameters such as eosinophilic infiltration, inflammatory cytokines, and clinical indicators such as Lund-Mackay computed tomography (CT) score. METHODS Thirty patients with CRSwNP were included. We performed pre-operative CT scan to determine Lund-Mackay CT scores. During endoscopic sinus surgery, we harvested NP tissues from patients with CRSwNP. We performed Sirius red staining to evaluate eosinophilia and conducted immunohistochemical staining for NPM1 and real-time PCR for cytokines including interleukin (IL)-5, IL-17A, and IL-32. RESULTS The mRNA expression of NPM1 was significantly up-regulated in eosinophilic NP tissues (RQ 0.58 ± 0.06), compared to non-eosinophilic NP tissues (RQ 0.38 ± 0.08, p < 0.05). In the epithelium of NP tissue, a significant positive correlation was observed between eosinophilic infiltration and NPM1 expression. The expression of NPM1 was significantly correlated with that of IL-5 (r = 0.6229, p = 0.0004), IL-17A (r = 0.5971, p = 0.001), and IL-32 (r = -0.5985, p = 0.0068). There was no significant correlation between the mRNA expression of NPM1 and the Lund-Mackay CT score (Spearman r = -0.2563, p = 0.1879). CONCLUSION Expression of NPM1 was significantly increased in eosinophilic NP tissues from patients with CRSwNP. We observed an association between NPM1 expression and various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-5, IL-17, and IL-32 and eosinophilic infiltration, which is thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Toxicology Research Center, Incheon, South Korea; Hypoxia-Related Diseases Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Young Hyo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Inha Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Toxicology Research Center, Incheon, South Korea; Hypoxia-Related Diseases Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Shin Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Toxicology Research Center, Incheon, South Korea; Hypoxia-Related Diseases Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea.
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14
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Chen Y, Hu J. Nucleophosmin1 (NPM1) abnormality in hematologic malignancies, and therapeutic targeting of mutant NPM1 in acute myeloid leukemia. Ther Adv Hematol 2020; 11:2040620719899818. [PMID: 32071709 PMCID: PMC6997955 DOI: 10.1177/2040620719899818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is an abundant nucleolar protein that is
implicated in a variety of biological processes and in the pathogenesis of
several human malignancies. For hematologic malignancies, approximately
one-third of anaplastic large-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas were found to express
a fusion between NPM1 and the catalytic domain of anaplastic
lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase. About 50–60% of acute myeloid leukemia
patients with normal karyotype carry NPM1 mutations, which are
characterized by cytoplasmic dislocation of the NPM1 protein.
Nevertheless, NPM1 is overexpressed in various hematologic and
solid tumor malignancies. NPM1 overexpression is considered a
prognostic marker of recurrence and progression of cancer. Thus,
NPM1 abnormalities play a critical role in several types of
hematologic malignancies. This has led to intense interest in the development of
an NPM1 targeting strategy for cancer therapy. The aim of this
review is to summarize present knowledge on NPM1 origin,
pathogenesis, and therapeutic interventions in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Chen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Jianda Hu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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15
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Phi JH, Sun CH, Lee SH, Lee S, Park I, Choi SA, Park SH, Lee JY, Wang KC, Kim SK, Yun H, Park CK. NPM1 as a potential therapeutic target for atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:848. [PMID: 31462227 PMCID: PMC6714307 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs) are highly malignant brain tumors with inactivation of the SMARCB1 gene, which play a critical role in genomic transcriptional control. In this study, we analyzed the genomic and transcriptomic profiles of human AT/RTs to discover new druggable targets. Methods Multiplanar sequencing analyses, including whole exome sequencing (WES), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), and whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq), were performed on 4 AT/RT tissues. Validation of a druggable target was conducted using AT/RT cell lines. Results WES revealed that the AT/RT genome is extremely stable except for the inactivation of SMARCB1. However, we identified 897 significantly upregulated genes and 523 significantly downregulated genes identified using RNA-Seq, indicating that the transcriptional profiles of the AT/RT tissues changed substantially. Gene set enrichment assays revealed genes related to the canonical pathways of cancers, and nucleophosmin (NPM1) was the most significantly upregulated gene in the AT/RT samples. An NPM1 inhibitor (NSC348884) effectively suppressed the viability of 7 AT/RT cell lines. Network analyses showed that genes associated with NPM1 are mainly involved in cell cycle regulation. Upon treatment with an NPM1 inhibitor, cell cycle arrest at G1 phase was observed in AT/RT cells. Conclusions We propose that NPM1 is a novel therapeutic target for AT/RTs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-6044-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Phi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Sun
- Genome opinion Co., Ltd. 7, Yeonmujang 5ga-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmook Lee
- Graduated, Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Park
- SD Genomics, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ah Choi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeoun Lee
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Chang Wang
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hongseok Yun
- Center for Precision Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Kee Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Qiu SW, Wan YL, Wang M, Wang JX. [Effects of NPM1 gene expression on acute myeloid leukemia cell lines and its mechanism]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2019; 38:940-944. [PMID: 29224316 PMCID: PMC7342777 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
目的 探讨NPM1基因表达对急性髓系白血病(AML)细胞系的影响及其机制。 方法 选取AML细胞系U937和HL-60细胞,转染NPM1质粒至细胞系构建稳定克隆,采用Western blot法鉴定高表达NPM1蛋白的单克隆细胞。MTT法检测细胞增殖活性,流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布和细胞凋亡率,显微镜下计数检测集落形成能力,Western blot法检测细胞周期相关信号通路蛋白表达,实时荧光定量PCR(RQ-PCR)法检测初诊AML患者骨髓单个核细胞NPM1基因表达水平。 结果 ①U937和HL-60细胞中NPM1高表达组相对细胞增殖率与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(4.68±1.28对3.89±0.81,3.34±0.37对2.68±0.29,P值均>0.05)。②U937和HL-60细胞中NPM1高表达组S期细胞比例均明显高于对照组[(50.22±3.42)%对(39.78±3.80)%,(59.01±3.27)%对(43.94±2.08)%,P值均<0.05]。③U937细胞NPM1高表达组和对照组相比具有更强的抗凋亡能力[(48.67±3.22)%和(68.77±10.21)%,P<0.05]和集落形成能力(772.7±24.0和652.3±16.5,P<0.05),而HL-60细胞相应的两组细胞上述能力均相似。④NPM1高表达组细胞中CDK4、Cyclin D1、Cyclin D2及Cyclin E表达明显高于对照组,而Cyclin D3表达明显低于对照组。⑤细胞遗传学预后良好组AML患者NPM1定量水平低于预后中等组。 结论 NPM1蛋白能够促进更多的细胞进入S期,增强抗凋亡和细胞集落形成能力。NPM1定量水平可能预示细胞遗传学的危险度。
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Qiu
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Disease Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China
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17
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Senapati P, Dey S, Sudarshan D, Das S, Kumar M, Kaypee S, Mohiyuddin A, Kodaganur GS, Kundu TK. Oncogene c-fos and mutant R175H p53 regulate expression of Nucleophosmin implicating cancer manifestation. FEBS J 2018; 285:3503-3524. [PMID: 30085406 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a nucleolar protein that is frequently overexpressed in various types of solid tumors. NPM1 is involved in several cellular processes that might contribute significantly to the increased proliferation potential of cancers. Previous reports suggest that NPM1 expression is highly increased in response to mitogenic and oncogenic signals, the mechanisms of which have not been elucidated extensively. Using constructs incorporating different fragments of the NPM1 promoter upstream to a Luciferase reporter gene, we have identified the minimal promoter of NPM1 and candidate transcription factors regulating NPM1 promoter activity by luciferase reporter assays. We have validated the roles of a few candidate factors at the transcriptional and protein level by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry, and explored the mechanism of regulation of NPM1 expression using immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. We show here that the expression of NPM1 is regulated by transcription factor c-fos, a protein that is strongly activated by growth factor signals. In addition, mutant p53 (R175H) overexpression also enhances NPM1 expression possibly through c-myc and c-fos. Moreover, both c-fos and mutant p53 are overexpressed in oral tumor tissues that showed NPM1 overexpression. Collectively, our results suggest that c-fos and mutant p53 R175H positively regulate NPM1 expression, possibly in synergism, that might lead to oncogenic manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Senapati
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
| | - Suchismita Dey
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
| | - Deepthi Sudarshan
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
| | - Sadhan Das
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
| | - Stephanie Kaypee
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
| | - Azeem Mohiyuddin
- Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (SDUAHER), Kolar, India
| | - Gopinath S Kodaganur
- Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (SDUAHER), Kolar, India.,Bangalore Institute of Oncology (BIO), Bangalore, India
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
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18
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Sakashita G, Kiyoi H, Naoe T, Urano T. Analysis of the oligomeric states of nucleophosmin using size exclusion chromatography. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4008. [PMID: 29507312 PMCID: PMC5838202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a multifunctional phosphoprotein which plays important roles in diverse biological processes. NPM1 can form homo- or hetero-oligomers through its N-terminal region, and bind DNA and RNA through its C-terminal region. However, the monomer-oligomer distribution of NPM1, and the extent of NPM1 binding and unbinding to RNA in living cells, are not fully understood. In this work, we analysed molecular complexes of NPM1 using size exclusion chromatography. We found that a substantial fraction of NPM1 behaves as an oligomer in HeLa cells. Furthermore, we identified three distinct oligomeric states of NPM1 using molecular characterization techniques such as subcellular localization and RNA binding. Finally, we found that heterozygous expression of a leukemia-associated NPM1 mutant significantly decreases the RNA binding level. Our data demonstrate that size exclusion chromatography provides a powerful tool for analysing NPM1 oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyosuke Sakashita
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Kiyoi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoki Naoe
- National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Centre, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan
| | - Takeshi Urano
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
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19
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Nucleophosmin/B23 is a negative regulator of estrogen receptor α expression via AP2γ in endometrial cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60038-60052. [PMID: 27527851 PMCID: PMC5312367 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancers expressing estrogen and progesterone receptors respond to hormonal therapy. The disappearance of steroid hormone receptor expression is common in patients with recurrent disease, ultimately hampering the clinical utility of hormonal therapy. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that nucleophosmin (NPM1/B23) suppression can restore the expression of estrogen receptor α (ESR1/ERα) in endometrial cancer cells. Mechanistically, B23 and activator protein-2γ (TFAP2C/AP2γ) form a complex that acts as a transcriptional repressor of ERα. Our results indicate that B23 or AP2γ knockdown can restore ERα levels and activate ERα-regulated genes (e.g., cathepsin D, EBAG9, and TFF1/pS2). Moreover, AP2γ knockdown in a xenograft model sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to megesterol acetate through the upregulation of ERα expression. An increased immunohistochemical expression of AP2γ is an adverse prognostic factor in endometrial cancer. In summary, B23 and AP2γ may act in combination to suppress ERα expression in endometrial cancer cells. The inhibition of B23 or AP2γ can restore ERα expression and can serve as a potential strategy for sensitizing hormone-refractory endometrial cancers to endocrine therapy.
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20
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Molecules that target nucleophosmin for cancer treatment: an update. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44821-44840. [PMID: 27058426 PMCID: PMC5190137 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin is a highly and ubiquitously expressed protein, mainly localized in nucleoli but able to shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm. Nucleophosmin plays crucial roles in ribosome maturation and export, centrosome duplication, cell cycle progression, histone assembly and response to a variety of stress stimuli. Much interest in this protein has arisen in the past ten years, since the discovery of heterozygous mutations in the terminal exon of the NPM1 gene, which are the most frequent genetic alteration in acute myeloid leukemia. Nucleophosmin is also frequently overexpressed in solid tumours and, in many cases, its overexpression correlates with mitotic index and metastatization. Therefore it is considered as a promising target for the treatment of both haematologic and solid malignancies. NPM1 targeting molecules may suppress different functions of the protein, interfere with its subcellular localization, with its oligomerization properties or drive its degradation. In the recent years, several such molecules have been described and here we review what is currently known about them, their interaction with nucleophosmin and the mechanistic basis of their toxicity. Collectively, these molecules exemplify a number of different strategies that can be adopted to target nucleophosmin and we summarize them at the end of the review.
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Chen S, Meng T, Zheng X, Cai J, Zhang W, You H, Xing J, Dong Y. Contribution of nucleophosmin overexpression to multidrug resistance in breast carcinoma. J Drug Target 2018; 26:27-35. [PMID: 28562134 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1332066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious obstacle in breast cancer patients which limits chemotherapeutic drugs application. Our previous study confirmed that overexpression of nucleophosmin (NPM) was closely related to MDR in methotrexate-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/MTX), and NPM could be a potential therapeutic target for chemoresistance. In this work, we aim to investigate NPM-mediated resistance mechanism in breast carcinoma. The NPM level was strongly positive in breast carcinoma tissues compared with adjacent normal samples, which was associated with lymph node metastasis. We found abnormal expression of NPM activated PI3K/Akt pathway and affected downstream apoptosis factors. Then, NPM level was attenuated by RNA interfering technology, the sensitivity of MCF-7/MTX cells to methotrexate was obviously increased, factor level of mitochondria apoptosis pathway was significantly augmented, and Akt phosphorylation was inhibited. Furthermore, examination of Akt and NPM level demonstrated that Akt inhibitor MK-2206 sensitised resistant cells to methotrexate and induced MCF-7/MTX cell apoptosis by PI3K/Akt pathway and mitochondria apoptosis pathway. These suggested NPM-induced resistance and anti-apoptosis were required for Akt activity. NPM has a crucial function in MDR of breast cancer through influencing Akt activity and resistant cell apoptosis, and it could be expected to become a therapeutic target for chemoresistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Chen
- a Department of Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , China
| | - Ti Meng
- a Department of Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- a Department of Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , China
| | - Jiangxia Cai
- a Department of Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , China.,b Department of Pharmacy , The People's Hospital of Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture , Korla , Xinjiang , China
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- a Department of Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , China
| | - Haisheng You
- a Department of Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , China
| | - Jianfeng Xing
- c School of Pharmacy , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , China
| | - Yalin Dong
- a Department of Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , China
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22
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De Cola A, Franceschini M, Di Matteo A, Colotti G, Celani R, Clemente E, Ippoliti R, Cimini AM, Dhez AC, Vallée B, Raineri F, Cascone I, Destouches D, De Laurenzi V, Courty J, Federici L. N6L pseudopeptide interferes with nucleophosmin protein-protein interactions and sensitizes leukemic cells to chemotherapy. Cancer Lett 2017; 412:272-282. [PMID: 29111347 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NPM1 is a multifunctional nucleolar protein implicated in several processes such as ribosome maturation and export, DNA damage response and apoptotic response to stress stimuli. The NPM1 gene is involved in human tumorigenesis and is found mutated in one third of acute myeloid leukemia patients, leading to the aberrant cytoplasmic localization of NPM1. Recent studies indicated that the N6L multivalent pseudopeptide, a synthetic ligand of cell-surface nucleolin, is also able to bind NPM1 with high affinity. N6L inhibits cell growth with different mechanisms and represents a good candidate as a novel anticancer drug for a number of malignancies of different histological origin. In this study we investigated whether N6L treatment could drive antitumor effect in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. We found that N6L binds NPM1 at the N-terminal domain, co-localizes with cytoplasmic, mutated NPM1, and interferes with its protein-protein associations. N6L toxicity appears to be p53 dependent but interestingly, the leukemic cell line harbouring the mutated form of NPM1 is more resistant to treatment, suggesting that NPM1 cytoplasmic delocalization confers protection from p53 activation. Moreover, we show that N6L sensitizes AML cells to doxorubicin and cytarabine treatment. These studies suggest that N6L may be a promising option in combination therapies for acute myeloid leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Cola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, CESI-MeT, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale, Universita' "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Franceschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, CESI-MeT, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale, Universita' "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Di Matteo
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - G Colotti
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - R Celani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, CESI-MeT, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale, Universita' "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - E Clemente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, CESI-MeT, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale, Universita' "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - R Ippoliti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A M Cimini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Assergi, Italy
| | - A C Dhez
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - B Vallée
- Université; Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ERL 9215, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - F Raineri
- Université; Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ERL 9215, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - I Cascone
- Université; Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ERL 9215, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - D Destouches
- Université; Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ERL 9215, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - V De Laurenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, CESI-MeT, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale, Universita' "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - J Courty
- Université; Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ERL 9215, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - L Federici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, CESI-MeT, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale, Universita' "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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23
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Hirsch S, Blätte TJ, Grasedieck S, Cocciardi S, Rouhi A, Jongen-Lavrencic M, Paschka P, Krönke J, Gaidzik VI, Döhner H, Schlenk RF, Kuchenbauer F, Döhner K, Dolnik A, Bullinger L. Circular RNAs of the nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene in acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2017; 102:2039-2047. [PMID: 28971903 PMCID: PMC5709103 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.172866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia, there is growing evidence for splicing pattern deregulation, including differential expression of linear splice isoforms of the commonly mutated gene nucleophosmin (NPM1). In this study, we detect circular RNAs of NPM1 and quantify circRNA hsa_circ_0075001 in a cohort of NPM1 wild-type and mutated acute myeloid leukemia (n=46). Hsa_circ_0075001 expression correlates positively with total NPM1 expression, but is independent of the NPM1 mutational status. High versus low hsa_circ_0075001 expression defines patient subgroups characterized by distinct gene expression patterns, such as lower expression of components of the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway in high hsa_circ_0075001 expression cases. Global evaluation of circRNA expression in sorted healthy hematopoietic controls (n=10) and acute myeloid leukemia (n=10) reveals circRNA transcripts for 47.9% of all highly expressed genes. While circRNA expression correlates globally with parental gene expression, we identify hematopoietic differentiation-associated as well as acute myeloid leukemia subgroup-specific circRNA signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Arefeh Rouhi
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Peter Paschka
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Krönke
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Dolnik
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
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24
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Zajac M, Dolnik A, Stasiak G, Zaleska J, Kielbus M, Czapinski J, Schunn M, Correa SC, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Sundaram RC, Jankowska-Lecka O, Schlenk RF, Döhner H, Döhner K, Stepulak A, Bullinger L, Giannopoulos K. Analysis of NPM1 splice variants reveals differential expression patterns of prognostic value in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95163-95175. [PMID: 29221119 PMCID: PMC5707013 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the nucleophosmin-1 (NPM1) gene in cytogenetically normal (CN) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) identify a group of patients with more favorable prognosis. NPM1 encodes three main alternatively spliced isoforms R1(B23.1), R2(B23.2), and R3(B23.3). The expression of splice variants R1, R2 and R3 were higher in AML patients compared to normal cells of healthy volunteers (HVs), although RNA-seq analysis revealed enhanced R2 expression also in less differentiated cells of HVs as well as in AML cells. The variant R2, which lacks exons 11 and 12 coding for the nucleolar localization domain, might behave similar to the mutant form of NPM1 (NPM1mut). In accordance, in CN-AML high R2 expression was associated with favorable impact on outcome. Moreover, functional studies showed nucleolar localization of the eGFP-NPM1 wildtype and cytoplasmic localization of the eGFP-NPM1 mut protein. While the eGFP-NPM1 R2 splice variant localized predominantly in the nucleoplasm, we also could detect cytoplasmic expression for the R2 variant. These results support a unique biological consequence of R2 overexpression and in part explain our clinical observation, where that high R2 variant expression was associated with a better prognosis in CN-AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Zajac
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Dolnik
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Grazyna Stasiak
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Zaleska
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michal Kielbus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Czapinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matthias Schunn
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephany C Correa
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Stem-Cell Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliza Glodkowska-Mrowka
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Olga Jankowska-Lecka
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Richard F Schlenk
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Giannopoulos
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Department of Hematology, St. John's Cancer Center, Lublin, Poland
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25
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Liu GY, Shi JX, Shi SL, Liu F, Rui G, Li X, Gao LB, Deng XL, Li QF. Nucleophosmin Regulates Intracellular Oxidative Stress Homeostasis via Antioxidant PRDX6. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4697-4707. [PMID: 28513872 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play both deleterious and beneficial roles in cancer cells. Nucleophosmin (NPM) is heavily implicated in cancers of diverse origins, being its gene over-expression in solid tumors or frequent mutations in hematological malignancies. However, the role and regulatory mechanism of NPM in oxidative stress are unclear. Here, we found that NPM regulated the expression of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), a member of thiol-specific antioxidant protein family, consequently affected the level and distribution of ROS. Our data indicated that NPM knockdown caused the increase of ROS and its relocation from cytoplasm to nucleoplasm. In contrast, overexpression or cytoplasmic localization of NPM upregulated PRDX6, and decreased ROS. In addition, NPM knockdown decreased peroxiredoxin family proteins, including PRDX1, PRDX4, and PRDX6. Co-immunoprecipitation further confirmed the interaction between PRDX6 and NPM. Moreover, NSC348884, an inhibitor specifically targeting NPM oligomerization, decreased PRDX6 and significantly upregulated ROS. These observations demonstrated that the expression and localization of NPM affected the homeostatic balance of oxidative stress in tumor cells via PRDX6 protein. The regulation axis of NPM/PRDX/ROS may provide a novel therapeutic target for cancer treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4697-4707, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yan Liu
- Medical College of Xiamen University/Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University/ Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Xian Shi
- Medical College of Xiamen University/Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Song-Lin Shi
- Medical College of Xiamen University/Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Fan Liu
- Medical College of Xiamen University/Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Gang Rui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Medical College of Xiamen University/Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Li-Bin Gao
- Medical College of Xiamen University/Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Deng
- Medical College of Xiamen University/Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Fu Li
- Medical College of Xiamen University/Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
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26
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Veija T, Koljonen V, Bohling T, Kero M, Knuutila S, Sarhadi VK. Aberrant expression of ALK and EZH2 in Merkel cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:236. [PMID: 28359267 PMCID: PMC5374569 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinct characteristic features categorize Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) into two subgroups according to the Merkel cell polyomavirus infection. Many mutational studies on MCC have been carried out in recent years without identifying a prominent driver mutation. However, there is paucity reporting the expression of cancer genes at the RNA level in MCC tumors. In this study, we studied the RNA expression profiles of 26 MCC tumors, with a goal to identify prospective molecular targets that could improve the treatment strategies of MCC. METHODS RNA expression of 50 cancer-related genes in 26 MCC tumors was analyzed by targeted amplicon based next-generation sequencing using the Ion Torrent technology and the expression compared with that of normal, non-cancerous skin samples. Sequencing data were processed using Torrent Suite™ Software. Expression profiles of MCV-negative and MCV-positive tumors were compared. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed to study ALK rearrangements and immunohistochemistry to study ALK expression in tumor tissue. RESULTS ALK, CDKN2A, EZH2 and ERBB4 were overexpressed, and EGFR, ERBB2, PDGFRA and FGFR1 were underexpressed in MCC tumors compared to normal skin. In the MCV-negative tumors, MET, NOTCH1, FGFR3, and SMO were overexpressed and JAK3 and NPM1 were under-expressed compared to the MCV-positive tumors. CONCLUSIONS High expression of ALK, CDKN2A and EZH2 was recorded in MCC tumors. No ALK fusion was seen by FISH analysis. Overexpression of EZH2 suggests its potential as a drug target in MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuukka Veija
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Virve Koljonen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Topeliuksenkatu 5, P.O. Box 266, FI-00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tom Bohling
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mia Kero
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Knuutila
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virinder Kaur Sarhadi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Valdés A, García-Cañas V, Pérez-Sánchez A, Barrajón-Catalán E, Ruiz-Torres V, Artemenko KA, Micol V, Bergquist J, Cifuentes A. Shotgun proteomic analysis to study the decrease of xenograft tumor growth after rosemary extract treatment. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1499:90-100. [PMID: 28389096 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The antiproliferative activity of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) has been widely studied in different in vitro and in vivo models, which demonstrate that rosemary extracts inhibit the cellular proliferation due to its ability to interact with a wide spectrum of molecular targets. However, a comprehensive proteomics study in vivo has not been carried out yet. In the present work, the effects of rosemary extract on xenograft tumor growth has been studied and, for the first time, a shotgun proteomic analysis based on nano-LC-MS/MS together with stable isotope dimethyl labeling (DML) has been applied to investigate the global protein changes in vivo. Our results show that the daily administration of a polyphenol-enriched rosemary extract reduces the progression of colorectal cancer in vivo with the subsequent deregulation of 74 proteins. The bioinformatic analysis of these proteins indicates that the rosemary extract mainly alters the RNA Post-Transcriptional Modification, the Protein Synthesis and the Amino Acid Metabolism functions and suggests the inactivation of the oncogene MYC. These results demonstrate the high utility of the proposed analytical methodology to determine, simultaneously, the expression levels of a large number of protein biomarkers and to generate new hypothesis about the molecular mechanisms of this extract in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valdés
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia García-Cañas
- Molecular Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Pérez-Sánchez
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain
| | - Enrique Barrajón-Catalán
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain
| | - Verónica Ruiz-Torres
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain
| | - Konstantin A Artemenko
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vicente Micol
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain; CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB12/03/30038), Spain
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Cheung DHC, Ho ST, Lau KF, Jin R, Wang YN, Kung HF, Huang JJ, Shaw PC. Nucleophosmin Interacts with PIN2/TERF1-interacting Telomerase Inhibitor 1 (PinX1) and Attenuates the PinX1 Inhibition on Telomerase Activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43650. [PMID: 28255170 PMCID: PMC5334639 DOI: 10.1038/srep43650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase activation and telomere maintenance are critical for cellular immortalization and transformation. PIN2/TERF1-interacting telomerase inhibitor 1 (PinX1) is a telomerase regulator and the aberrant expression of PinX1 causes telomere shortening. Identifying PinX1-interacting proteins is important for understanding telomere maintenance. We found that PinX1 directly interacts with nucleophosmin (NPM), a protein that has been shown to positively correlate with telomerase activity. We further showed that PinX1 acts as a linker in the association between NPM and hTERT, the catalytic subunit of telomerase. Additionally, the recruitment of NPM by PinX1 to the telomerase complex could partially attenuate the PinX1-mediated inhibition on telomerase activity. Taken together, our data reveal a novel mechanism that regulates telomerase activation through the interaction between NPM, PinX1 and the telomerase complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Hang-Cheong Cheung
- Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai-Tim Ho
- Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Fai Lau
- Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Laboratory of Tumor and Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- Laboratory of Tumor and Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Hsiang-Fu Kung
- Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka-Shing Medical Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun-Jian Huang
- Laboratory of Tumor and Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Pang-Chui Shaw
- Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
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29
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Luo F, Li H, Liang J, Jia H, Li X, Xiao H, He X, He J, Tian Y, Zhao H. Downregulation of NPM reverses multidrug resistance in human hepatoma cells via inhibition of P-glycoprotein expression. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2360-2368. [PMID: 28259962 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is an important issue in current cancer treatments. In human cancer, drug resistance is primarily associated with the overexpression of multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1). Therefore, the human MDR1 gene promoter may be a target for anti‑MDR drug screening. Numerous methods to prevent MDR have been investigated. However, they have been proven to be clinically ineffective. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether downregulation of nucleophosmin (NPM) demonstrates any effects on the reversal of MDR in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In the present study, two in vitro MDR HCC cell lines, HepG2/Adriamycin (ADM) and SMMC7721/ADM, were established and the level of MDR was measured. The results demonstrated that NPM downregulation markedly reversed the effects of MDR in the model used. In addition, NPM downregulation reduced P-glycoprotein expression, as well as MDR1 expression. These results suggested that downregulation of NPM may be a novel and effective method of reversing the effects of MDR, and may be a potential adjuvant for tumor chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, P.R. China
| | - Huiyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Jianfang Liang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Jia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xuehua He
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Jiefeng He
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhang Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Haoliang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
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30
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Wang H, Yuan G, Zhao B, Zhao Y, Qiu Y. High expression of B23 is associated with tumorigenesis and poor prognosis in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:743-749. [PMID: 27959455 PMCID: PMC5364846 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
B23, a multifunctional nucleolar protein, is overexpressed in numerous cancers and is associated with tumorigenesis. However, the clinical significance and potential role of B23 in bladder urothelial carcinoma remains to be elucidated. The present study observed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of B23 were increased in bladder cancer cells and tissues. The overexpression of B23 contributed to tumorigenesis and was associated with poor prognosis in bladder cancer patients. Silencing of B23 by short hairpin RNA inhibited tumor cell growth and colony formation. In addition, knockdown of B23 suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), resulting in the inactivation of the ERK signaling pathway. Therefore, the present study indicated that B23 promotes bladder cancer cell growth via activation of the ERK signaling pathway and is a novel potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Gangjun Yuan
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Bai Zhao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yakun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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31
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Dai L, Li J, Xing M, Sanchez TW, Casiano CA, Zhang JY. Using Serological Proteome Analysis to Identify Serum Anti-Nucleophosmin 1 Autoantibody as a Potential Biomarker in European-American and African-American Patients With Prostate Cancer. Prostate 2016; 76:1375-86. [PMID: 27418398 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing has been widely implemented for the early detection and management of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the lack of specificity has led to overdiagnosis, resulting in many possibly unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. Therefore, novel serological biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity are of vital importance needed to complement PSA testing in the early diagnosis and effective management of PCa. This is particularly critical in the context of PCa health disparities, where early detection and management could help reduce the disproportionately high PCa mortality observed in African-American men. Previous studies have demonstrated that sera from patients with PCa contain autoantibodies that react with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). METHODS The serological proteome analysis (SERPA) approach was used to identify tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) of PCa. In evaluation study, the level of anti-NPM1 antibody was examined in sera from test cohort, validation cohort, as well as European-American (EA) and African-American (AA) men with PCa by using immunoassay. RESULTS Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) as a 33 kDa TAA in PCa was identified and characterized by SERPA approach. Anti-NPM1 antibody level in PCa was higher than in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and healthy individuals. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed similar high diagnostic value for PCa in the test cohort (area under the curve (AUC):0.860) and validation cohort (AUC: 0.822) to differentiate from normal individuals and BPH. Interestingly, AUC values were significantly higher for AA PCa patients. When considering concurrent serum measurements of anti-NPM1 antibody and PSA, 97.1% PCa patients at early stage were identified correctly, while 69.2% BPH patients who had elevated PSA levels were found to be anti-NPM1 negative. Additionally, anti-NPM1 antibody levels in PCa patients at early stage significantly increased after surgery treatment. CONCLUSION This intriguing data suggested that NPM1 can elicit autoantibody response in PCa and might be a potential biomarker for the immunodiagnosis and prognosis of PCa, and for supplementing PSA testing in distinguishing PCa from BPH. Prostate 76:1375-1386, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Dai
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Jitian Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Mengtao Xing
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Tino W Sanchez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Carlos A Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Jian-Ying Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas.
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Destouches D, Sader M, Terry S, Marchand C, Maillé P, Soyeux P, Carpentier G, Semprez F, Céraline J, Allory Y, Courty J, De La Taille A, Vacherot F. Implication of NPM1 phosphorylation and preclinical evaluation of the nucleoprotein antagonist N6L in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:69397-69411. [PMID: 26993766 PMCID: PMC5342486 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advent of several new treatment options over the past years, advanced/metastatic prostate carcinoma (PCa) still remains incurable, which justifies the search for novel targets and therapeutic molecules. Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a shuttling nucleoprotein involved in tumor growth and its targeting could be a potential approach for cancer therapy. We previously demonstrated that the multivalent pseudopeptide N6L binds to NPM1 potently affecting in vitro and in vivo tumor cell growth of various tumor types as well as angiogenesis. Furthermore, NPM1 binds to androgen receptor (AR) and modulate its activity. In this study, we first investigated the implication of the NPM1 and its Thr199 and Thr234/237 phosphorylated forms in PCa. We showed that phosphorylated forms of NPM1 interact with androgen receptor (AR) in nucleoplasm. N6L treatment of prostate tumor cells led to inhibition of NPM1 phosphorylation in conjunction with inhibition of AR activity. We also found that total and phosphorylated NPM1 were overexpressed in castration-resistant PCa. Assessment of the potential therapeutic role of N6L in PCa indicated that N6L inhibited tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo when used either alone or in combination with the standard-of-care first- (hormonotherapy) and second-line (docetaxel) treatments for advanced PCa. Our findings reveal the role of Thr199 and Thr234/237 phosphorylated NPM1 in PCa progression and define N6L as a new drug candidate for PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Destouches
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Créteil, F-94000, France
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 7, Créteil, F-94000, France
- CNRS, ERL 9215, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - Maha Sader
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Créteil, F-94000, France
- CNRS, ERL 9215, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - Stéphane Terry
- INSERM, U1186, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, F-94805, France
| | - Charles Marchand
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Créteil, F-94000, France
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 7, Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - Pascale Maillé
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Créteil, F-94000, France
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 7, Créteil, F-94000, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor – A. Chenevier, Département de Pathologie, Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - Pascale Soyeux
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Créteil, F-94000, France
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 7, Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - Gilles Carpentier
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Créteil, F-94000, France
- CNRS, ERL 9215, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - Fannie Semprez
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Créteil, F-94000, France
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 7, Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - Jocelyn Céraline
- INSERM, U1113, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Yves Allory
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Créteil, F-94000, France
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 7, Créteil, F-94000, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor – A. Chenevier, Département de Pathologie, Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - José Courty
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Créteil, F-94000, France
- CNRS, ERL 9215, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - Alexandre De La Taille
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Créteil, F-94000, France
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 7, Créteil, F-94000, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor – A. Chenevier, Département d'Urologie, Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - Francis Vacherot
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Créteil, F-94000, France
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 7, Créteil, F-94000, France
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Shields LBE, Gerçel-Taylor Ç, Yashar CM, Wan TC, Katsanis WA, Spinnato JA, Taylor DD. Induction of Immune Responses to Ovarian Tumor Antigens by Multiparity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155769700400606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Joseph A. Spinnato
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biochemistry, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Douglas D. Taylor
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biochemistry; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 511 South Floyd Street, MDR 420, Louisville, KY 40202
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Al-Eisawi Z, Beale P, Chan C, Yu JQ, Proschogo N, Molloy M, Huq F. Changes in the in vitro activity of platinum drugs when administered in two aliquots. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:688. [PMID: 27566066 PMCID: PMC5002105 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2731-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of ovarian cancer remains a challenge. Because of the lack of early symptoms, it is often diagnosed at a late stage when it is likely to have metastasized beyond ovaries. Currently, platinum based chemotherapy is the primary treatment for the disease. However acquired drug resistance remains an on-going problem. As cisplatin brings about apoptosis by intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, this study aimed to determine changes in activity of platinum drugs when administered in two aliquots as against a bolus and sought to determine association with changes in GSH, speciation of platinum drugs and changes in protein expression. METHODS The efficacy of administering cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin in two aliquots with a time gap was investigated in ovarian A2780, A2780(cisR), A2780(ZD0473R) and SKOV-3 cell lines. The cellular accumulation of platinum, level of platinum - DNA binding and cellular glutathione level were determined, and proteomic studies were carried out to identify key proteins associated with platinum resistance in ovarian A2780(cisR) cancer cell line. RESULTS Much greater cell kill was observed with solutions left standing at room temperature than with freshly prepared solutions, indicating that the increase in activity on ageing was related to speciation of the drug in solution. Proteomic studies identified 72 proteins that were differentially expressed in A2780 and A2780(cisR) cell lines; 22 of them were restored back to normal levels as a result of synergistic treatments, indicating their relevance in enhanced drug action. CONCLUSIONS The proteins identified are relevant to several different cellular functions including invasion and metastasis, cell cycle regulation and proliferation, metabolic and biosynthesis processes, stress-related proteins and molecular chaperones, mRNA processing, cellular organization/cytoskeleton, cellular communication and signal transduction. This highlights the multifactorial nature of platinum resistance in which many different proteins with diverse functions play key roles. This means multiple strategies can be harnessed to overcome platinum resistance in ovarian cancer. The results of the studies can be significant both from fundamental and clinical view points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaynab Al-Eisawi
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2141 Australia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
| | - Philip Beale
- Sydney Cancer Centre, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139 Australia
| | - Charles Chan
- Department of Pathology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139 Australia
| | - Jun Qing Yu
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2141 Australia
| | - Nicholas Proschogo
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Mark Molloy
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Fazlul Huq
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2141 Australia
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Cumberland Campus C42, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, NSW 1825 Australia
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Chen SY, Zheng XW, Cai JX, Zhang WP, You HS, Xing JF, Dong YL. Histone deacetylase inhibitor reverses multidrug resistance by attenuating the nucleophosmin level through PI3K/Akt pathway in breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:294-304. [PMID: 27211281 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) is the major obstacle in the chemotherapy of breast cancer, and it restricts the application of antitumor drugs in the clinic. Therefore it is urgent to search for ways to reverse MDR and restore sensitivity to chemotherapeutics in breast carcinoma. Currently, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) offer a promising strategy for tumor therapy as the effective anticancer drugs. Based on the potential resistant target of nucleophosmin (NPM), the purpose of this study was to explore the reversal effect of a new synthetic histone deacetylase inhibitor, FA17, on MDR in methotrexate-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/MTX) and xenograft tumors. It was shown that the abnormal expression of NPM induced MDR and inhibited downstream mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in MCF-7/MTX cells. The reversal effect and molecular mechanism of FA17 were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. We found that FA17 could significantly reverse resistance and sensitize MCF-7/MTX cells to methotrexate. FA17 obviously enhanced resistant cell apoptosis, inhibited expressions of NPM and efflux transporters. Additionally, FA17 could reverse MDR via inactivating PI3K/Akt pathway and accelerating mitochondrial apoptotic pathway both in MCF-7/MTX cells and in xenograft tumors. Taken together, the novel histone deacetylase inhibitor could effectively reverse drug resistance due to suppressing the activity of NPM and drug efflux pumps by PI3K/Akt and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The above not only indicated the potential applied value of FA17 in reversing MDR and enhancing the sensitivity of chemotherapy, but also confirmed the role of NPM in the development of MDR in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Xia Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Sheng You
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Feng Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Lin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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NPM1 histone chaperone is upregulated in glioblastoma to promote cell survival and maintain nucleolar shape. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16495. [PMID: 26559910 PMCID: PMC4642306 DOI: 10.1038/srep16495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (grade IV glioma) is the most common and aggressive adult brain tumor. A better understanding of the biology of glioblastoma cells is crucial to identify molecular targets stimulating cell death. NPM1 (nucleophosmin) is a multifunctional chaperone that plays an important role in cancer development. Herein, NPM1 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in human astrocytic gliomas. NPM1 was detected in all tumors but with a significantly higher staining intensity in grade IV than in low grade tumors. Depletion of NPM1 had only modest effects on the viability of U251MG, U1242MG, and U343MGa Cl2:6 glioma cells, despite alterations in nucleolar morphology. Glioma cell cultures depleted of NPM1 exposed to micromolar levels of actinomycin D were more prone to cell death (apoptosis) compared to cultures retaining NPM1. We had previously found that NPM1 binds to linker histone H1.5. Here we could show that silencing of H1.5 triggered glioma cell apoptosis as evidenced by a marked increase in both the numbers of cleaved caspase-3+ cells and in the amounts of cleaved PARP. Enforced expression of NPM1 suppressed apoptosis in H1.5 depleted glioma cells. Although our studies would suggest little effectiveness of targeting NPM1 alone there could be potential using it as a combination treatment.
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37
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Jeon YJ, Cho JH, Lee SY, Choi YH, Park H, Jung S, Shim JH, Chae JI. Esculetin Induces Apoptosis Through EGFR/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway and Nucleophosmin Relocalization. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1210-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joo Jeon
- Department of Dental Pharmacology; School of Dentistry; BK21 Plus; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Cho
- Department of Dental Pharmacology; School of Dentistry; BK21 Plus; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeop Lee
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research; Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju South Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry; Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine; Busan 614-052 Republic of Korea
| | - Hongju Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Dentistry; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Seunggon Jung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital; Hwasun Jeonnam Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Natural Medicine Research Institute; Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy; Mokpo National University; Jeonnam 534-729 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology; School of Dentistry; BK21 Plus; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Republic of Korea
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Kim JY, Cho YE, Park JH. The Nucleolar Protein GLTSCR2 Is an Upstream Negative Regulator of the Oncogenic Nucleophosmin-MYC Axis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:2061-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kuo YH, Chen YT, Tsai HP, Chai CY, Kwan AL. Nucleophosmin overexpression is associated with poor survival in astrocytoma. APMIS 2015; 123:515-22. [PMID: 25907517 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The multiple functions of the protein nucleophosmin (NPM) include the regulation and balance of cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Many cancers have suspected associations with overexpression of NPM or with mutation of the NPM gene. Although NPM and anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion proteins are known to be related to the Janus Kinase/Signal Transduction and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, the relationships of NPM, JAK2, and STAT5 to astrocytoma remain unclear. Therefore, this study performed histochemical analyses of expressions of NPM, p-JAK2, and STAT5B proteins in patients with astrocytoma. The results showed that high NPM expression was significantly associated with high tumor grade (p = 0.000), old age (p = 0.000), low Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score (p = 0.000), and tumor recurrence (p = 0.045). High p-JAK2 expression was significantly associated with old age (p = 0.000), high tumor grade (p = 0.000), low KPS score (p = 0.000), and tumor recurrence (p = 0.036). Expression of STAT5B was significantly correlated with tumor grade (p = 0.018) and KPS score (p = 0.002). High expressions of NPM, p-JAK2, and STAT5B were associated with a short survival time (p = 0.035, 0.003 and 0.002, respectively). In multivariable analysis, STAT5B expression was a significant predictor of survival time (p = 0.003). In conclusion, NPM and p-JAK2/STAT5B may have important roles in tumor progression, and STAT5B is an independent prognostic marker of astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hsin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Kim JY, Cho YE, An YM, Kim SH, Lee YG, Park JH, Lee S. GLTSCR2 is an upstream negative regulator of nucleophosmin in cervical cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1245-52. [PMID: 25818168 PMCID: PMC4459840 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM)/B23, a multifunctional nucleolar phosphoprotein, plays an important role in ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and cancer pathogenesis. The role of NPM in cells is determined by several factors, including total expression level, oligomerization or phosphorylation status, and subcellular localization. In the nucleolus, NPM participates in rRNA maturation to enhance ribosomal biogenesis. Consistent with this finding, NPM expression is increased in rapidly proliferating cells and many types of human cancers. In response to ribosomal stress, NPM is redistributed to the nucleoplasm, where it inactivates mouse double minute 2 homologue to stabilize p53 and inhibit cell cycle progression. These observations indicate that nucleolus-nucleoplasmic mobilization of NPM is one of the key molecular mechanisms that determine the role of NPM within the cell. However, the regulatory molecule(s) that control(s) NPM stability and subcellular localization, crucial to the pluripotency of intercellular NPM, remain(s) unidentified. In this study, we showed that nucleolar protein GLTSCR2/Pict-1 induced nucleoplasmic translocation and enhanced the degradation of NPM via the proteasomal polyubiquitination pathway. In addition, we showed that GLTSCR2 expression decreased the transforming activity of cells mediated by NPM and that the expression of NPM is reciprocally related to that of GLTSCR2 in cervical cancer tissue. In this study, we demonstrated that GLTSCR2 is an upstream negative regulator of NPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Youn Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Min An
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Gwan Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Zhou Y, Shen J, Xia L, Wang Y. Estrogen mediated expression of nucleophosmin 1 in human endometrial carcinoma clinical stages through estrogen receptor-α signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:540. [PMID: 25663821 PMCID: PMC4319226 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial carcinoma is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies. Estrogen plays a critical role in its pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), a multifunctional protein involved in many cellular activities, has been implicated in the tumorigenesis processes. However, the role of NPM1 in endometrial carcinogenesis remains to be elucidated. The present study was aimed to elucidate the role of NPM1 in different clinical stages of human endometrial carcinoma and the underlying mechanism of NPM1 action. METHODS The distribution and expression of NPM1 in normal endometrium, FIGO stages I to IV endometrial carcinoma tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The association between NPM1 expression and estrogen and estrogen receptor signaling was investigated in primary-cultured FIGO stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. RESULTS A strong positive correlation between NPM1 level and the clinical stage and histological grade of endometrial carcinomas was observed. Expression of NPM1 was up-regulated by estrogen in primary-cultured human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, estrogen increased NPM1 level via estrogen receptor-α (ERα) signaling, nor estrogen receptor-β signaling. CONCLUSIONS Expression of NPM1 was gradually increased with the increase of clinical stages of endometrial carcinomas. Overexpression of NPM1 may play a role in the effects of estrogen on the malignant progression of endometrioid adenocarcinoma via ERα signaling. These findings may extend our understanding of the oncogenesis of steroid hormone-related cancers and have significance for the diagnosis and treatment of this carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Liqun Xia
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 China
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Al-Hussaini M, DiPersio JF. Small molecule inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia: from the bench to the clinic. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 7:439-64. [PMID: 25025370 PMCID: PMC4283573 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2014.932687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many patients with acute myeloid leukemia will eventually develop refractory or relapsed disease. In the absence of standard therapy for this population, there is currently an urgent unmet need for novel therapeutic agents. Targeted therapy with small molecule inhibitors represents a new therapeutic intervention that has been successful for the treatment of multiple tumors (e.g., gastrointestinal stromal tumors, chronic myelogenous leukemia). Hence, there has been great interest in generating selective small molecule inhibitors targeting critical pathways of proliferation and survival in acute myeloid leukemia. This review highlights a selective group of intriguing therapeutic agents and their presumed targets in both preclinical models and in early human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneera Al-Hussaini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis Missouri
| | - John F. DiPersio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis Missouri
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St Louis Missouri
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Li Y, Sun Z, Liu K, Qiu W, Yao R, Feng T, Xin C, Yue L. Prognostic significance of the co-expression of nucleophosmin and trefoil factor 3 in postoperative gastric cancer patients. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 2:1055-1061. [PMID: 25279197 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a number of studies have indicated that the positive expression of nucleophosmin (NPM) and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is associated with oncogenesis and poor prognosis in several tumor types, the prognostic value of the co-expression of NPM and TFF3 in gastric cancer (GC) has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the role of NPM and TFF3 in GC and determine their prognostic value. We retrospectively reviewed 108 patients who had undergone radical gastric tumor resection. The expression of NPM and TFF3 was detected by immunohistochemistry and the association of NPM and TFF3 with clinicopathological characteristics was investigated using the Chi-square test. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the prognostic value of these markers. Of the 108 samples, NPM was positive in 57 (53%) and TFF3 was positive in 54 samples (50%). The positive expression of NPM was correlated with advanced tumor stage and recurrence (P=0.0333 and P<0.0001, respectively), whereas the expression of TFF3 was associated with larger tumor size (P=0.0005), poor differentiation (P=0.0435), lymph node metastasis (P=0.0116), advanced tumor stage (P=0.0244) and recurrence (P=0.0116). The univariate analysis revealed that the expression of NPM, the expression of TFF3 and the co-expression of the two were associated with poor survival (P=0.0004, 0.0028 and 0.0020, respectively). By multivariate analysis, all three factors were identified as independent prognostic factors in postoperative GC patients (hazard ratio = 1.970, 2.021 and 2.339, respectively). In conclusion, the expression of NPM and TFF3 and, particularly, the co-expression of the two, may serve as independent prognostic factors in postoperative GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Molecular and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Zhenqing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Kewei Liu
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Molecular and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wensheng Qiu
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Molecular and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ruyong Yao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Tongtong Feng
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Molecular and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Chao Xin
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Molecular and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lu Yue
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Molecular and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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NPM1 silencing reduces tumour growth and MAPK signalling in prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96293. [PMID: 24796332 PMCID: PMC4010470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The chaperone nucleophosmin (NPM1) is over-expressed in the epithelial compartment of prostate tumours compared to adjacent healthy epithelium and may represent one of the key actors that support the neoplastic phenotype of prostate adenocarcinoma cells. Yet, the mechanisms that underlie NPM1 mediated phenotype remain elusive in the prostate. To better understand NPM1 functions in prostate cancer cells, we sought to characterize its impact on prostate cancer cells behaviour and decipher the mechanisms by which it may act. Here we show that NPM1 favors prostate tumour cell migration, invasion and colony forming. Furthermore, knockdown of NPM1 leads to a decrease in the growth of LNCaP-derived tumours grafted in Nude mice in vivo. Such oncogenic-like properties are found in conjunction with a positive regulation of NPM1 on the ERK1/2 (Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinases 1/2) kinase phosphorylation in response to EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) stimulus, which is critical for prostate cancer progression following the setting of an autonomous production of the growth factor. NPM1 could then be a target to switch off specifically ERK1/2 pathway activation in order to decrease or inhibit cancer cell growth and migration.
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45
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Xu DH, Liu F, Li X, Chen XF, Jing GJ, Wu FY, Shi SL, Li QF. Regulatory role of nucleophosmin during the differentiation of human liver cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:264-72. [PMID: 24787960 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM, also known as B23), mainly localized in the nucleolus, has been reported to be overexpressed in many types of human cancer, including colon, ovarian, prostate and gastric cancer. NPM was identified while screening the differential nuclear matrix proteins during HMBA-induced differentiation of human liver cancer cells. We investigated the aberrant expression and subcellular localization of NPM in clinical liver cancer tissues and a cell line with the aim of providing more evidence for revealing the roles of NPM on regulating liver cancer cell proliferation and differentiation. In addition, we studied the potential interaction between NPM and several important proteins. Our results revealed that NPM protein was overexpressed in cancer cells, which was in accordance with the overexpressed mRNA in cancer tissues compared to the corresponding non-cancer tissues. We also found a decrease of NPM in protein and mRNA levels upon treatment with the differentiation reagent HMBA. We focused on the aberrant localization of NPM. Immunochemistry and immunofluorescence revealed aberrant cytoplasmic and nucleoplasm localization of NPM in liver cancer tissues and its colocalization with c-Myc, c-Fos, P53 and Rb in the SMMC-7721 cell line. The interactions between NPM and the above proteins were confirmed by GST pull-down assay and co-immunoprecipitation assay. These findings indicate that NPM plays a regulatory role in liver cancer, which deserves in-depth investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Xu
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Fan Liu
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Feng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Jun Jing
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Yun Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Song-Lin Shi
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Fu Li
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
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Yang YF, Zhang XY, Yang M, He ZH, Peng NF, Xie SR, Xie YF. Prognostic Role of Nucleophosmin in Colorectal Carcinomas. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:2021-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.5.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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47
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Leal MF, Mazzotti TKF, Calcagno DQ, Cirilo PDR, Martinez MC, Demachki S, Assumpção PP, Chammas R, Burbano RR, Smith MC. Deregulated expression of Nucleophosmin 1 in gastric cancer and its clinicopathological implications. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:9. [PMID: 24410879 PMCID: PMC3893589 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-14-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The process of gastric carcinogenesis still remains to be elucidated. The identification of genes related to this process may help to reduce mortality rates through early diagnosis and the development of new anticancer therapies. Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) acts in ribosome biogenesis, centrosome duplication, maintenance of genomic stability, and embryonic development. Recently, NPM1 has been implicated in the tumorigenesis processes. Here, we evaluated NPM1 gene and protein expression in gastric tumors and in corresponding non-neoplastic gastric samples. Methods NPM1 protein expression was determined by Western blot in 17 pairs of gastric tumors and corresponding non-neoplastic gastric tissue. The protein immunoreactivity was observed in 12 tumor samples. mRNA expression was evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in 22 pairs of gastric tumors and in matched non-neoplastic gastric tissue. Results NPM1 protein expression was significantly reduced in gastric cancer samples compared to matched non-neoplastic gastric samples (P = 0.019). The protein level of NPM1 was reduced at least 1.5-fold in 35% of tumors compared to paired non-neoplastic gastric tissue. However, NPM1 immunoreactivity was detected in neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells, including in intestinal metaplastic, gastritis and inflammatory cells. NPM1 was mainly expressed in nucleus and nucleolus subcellular compartments. The staining intensity and the percentage of immunoreactive cells varied among the studied cases. The NPM1 mRNA level was reduced at least 1.5-fold in 45.5% of samples and increased in 27.3% of samples. An inverse correlation between protein and mRNA expression was detected (r = -0.509, P = 0.037). Intestinal-type gastric cancer presented higher mRNA levels than diffuse-type (P = 0.026). However, reduced NPM1 protein expression was associated with intestinal-type gastric cancer compared to matched non-neoplastic gastric samples (P = 0.018). In addition, tumors from patients with known distant metastasis presented reduced NPM1 protein levels compared to tumors from patients without distant metastasis (P < 0.001). Conclusion Although the expression of NPM1 is heterogeneous in gastric tumors, our results suggest that NPM1 down-regulation may have a role in gastric carcinogenesis and may help in the selection of anticancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ferreira Leal
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetic, Federal University of São Paulo, R, Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, SP CEP 04023-900, Brazil.
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Haga A, Ogawara Y, Kubota D, Kitabayashi I, Murakami Y, Kondo T. Interactomic approach for evaluating nucleophosmin-binding proteins as biomarkers for Ewing's sarcoma. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1670-8. [PMID: 23483572 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM) is a novel prognostic biomarker for Ewing's sarcoma. To evaluate the prognostic utility of NPM, we conducted an interactomic approach to characterize the NPM protein complex in Ewing's sarcoma cells. A gene suppression assay revealed that NPM promoted cell proliferation and the invasive properties of Ewing's sarcoma cells. FLAG-tag-based affinity purification coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified 106 proteins in the NPM protein complex. The functional classification suggested that the NPM complex participates in critical biological events, including ribosome biogenesis, regulation of transcription and translation, and protein folding, that are mediated by these proteins. In addition to JAK1, a candidate prognostic biomarker for Ewing's sarcoma, the NPM complex, includes 11 proteins known as prognostic biomarkers for other malignancies. Meta-analysis of gene expression profiles of 32 patients with Ewing's sarcoma revealed that 6 of 106 were significantly and independently associated with survival period. These observations suggest a functional role as well as prognostic value of these NPM complex proteins in Ewing's sarcoma. Further, our study suggests the potential applications of interactomics in conjunction with meta-analysis for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Haga
- Division of Pharmaco-proteomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Hisaoka M, Nagata K, Okuwaki M. Intrinsically disordered regions of nucleophosmin/B23 regulate its RNA binding activity through their inter- and intra-molecular association. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 42:1180-95. [PMID: 24106084 PMCID: PMC3902904 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1/B23) is a nucleolar protein implicated in growth-associated functions, in which the RNA binding activity of B23 plays essential roles in ribosome biogenesis. The C-terminal globular domain (CTD) of B23 has been believed to be the RNA binding domain because the splicing variant B23.2 lacking the CTD binds considerably less efficiently to RNA. However, the recognition of target RNAs by B23 remains poorly understood. Herein, we report a novel mechanism by which B23 recognizes specific RNA targets. We observed that the nucleolar retention of B23.3 lacking the basic region of B23.1 was lower than that of B23.1 because of its low RNA binding activity. Circular dichroism measurements indicated that the basic region and adjacent acidic regions of B23 are intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). Biochemical analyses revealed that the basic IDR alone strongly binds to RNA with low specificity. The excessive RNA binding activity of the basic IDR was restrained by intra-molecular interaction with the acidic IDR of B23. Chemical cross-linking experiments and fluorescent labeling of bipartite tetracysteine-tagged proteins suggested that the inter- and intra-molecular interactions between the two IDRs contribute to the regulation of the RNA binding activity of CTD to control the cellular localization and functions of B23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miharu Hisaoka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
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Lew QJ, Chu KL, Chia YL, Cheong N, Chao SH. HEXIM1, a New Player in the p53 Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:838-56. [PMID: 24202322 PMCID: PMC3795367 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5030838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexamethylene bisacetamide-inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1) is best known as the inhibitor of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), which controls transcription elongation of RNA polymerase II and Tat transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus. Besides P-TEFb, several proteins have been identified as HEXIM1 binding proteins. It is noteworthy that more than half of the HEXIM1 binding partners are involved in cancers. P53 and two key regulators of the p53 pathway, nucleophosmin (NPM) and human double minute-2 protein (HDM2), are among the factors identified. This review will focus on the functional importance of the interactions between HEXIM1 and p53/NPM/HDM2. NPM and the cytoplasmic mutant of NPM, NPMc+, were found to regulate P-TEFb activity and RNA polymerase II transcription through the interaction with HEXIM1. Importantly, more than one-third of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients carry NPMc+, suggesting the involvement of HEXIM1 in tumorigenesis of AML. HDM2 was found to ubiquitinate HEXIM1. The HDM2-mediated ubiquitination of HEXIM1 did not lead to protein degradation of HEXIM1 but enhanced its inhibitory activity on P-TEFb. Recently, HEXIM1 was identified as a novel positive regulator of p53. HEXIM1 prevented p53 ubiquitination by competing with HDM2 in binding to p53. Taken together, the new evidence suggests a role of HEXIM1 in regulating the p53 pathway and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Jing Lew
- Expression Engineering Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Singapore 138668, Singapore.
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