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Li J, Huang H, Fielden M, Pan J, Ecco L, Schellbach C, Delmas G, Claesson PM. Towards the mechanism of electrochemical activity and self-healing of 1 wt% PTSA doped polyaniline in alkyd composite polymer coating: combined AFM-based studies. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00661b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of electrochemical activity and the self-healing properties of a composite alkyd coating with 1 wt% PTSA doped polyaniline were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Hui Huang
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Matthew Fielden
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Nanostructure Physics
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Jinshan Pan
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Luiz Ecco
- Department of Industrial Engineering
- University of Trento
- Trento
- Italy
| | | | - Grégory Delmas
- Arkema Coating Resins
- Parc Technologique ALATA
- Verneuil en Halatte
- France
| | - Per Martin Claesson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
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2
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Stoica I, Hitruc EG, Timpu D, Barboiu V, Vasilescu DS. Establishing proper scanning conditions in atomic force microscopy on polyimide and polyurethane samples and their effect on 3D surface texture parameters. SCANNING 2015; 37:335-349. [PMID: 25914262 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Several atomic force microscopy (AFM) tests have been carried out on both smooth (polyimide) and rough (polyurethane) surfaces so that to obtain the best results; subsequently, the optimization of experiments performed is presented. A special emphasis has been put on the effect of tip geometry, image pre-processing procedure, scanning area, resolution, pixel size, and cantilever oscillation amplitude in tapping mode, as well as on the quality of the topographical images and 3D surface texture parameters. After viewing the scanning tip and finding out its sharpness, degradation, and contamination, a simultaneous calibration in X, Y, and Z directions, lateral calibration of SPM scanners and detection of lateral non-linearity, hysteresis, creep, and cross-coupling effects has been made. We have established the following experimental parameters: proper scanning resolution (512 × 512 pixels), adequate pixel size (between 2.9 and 19.5 nm) and suitable intermittent contact region (moderate tapping) for which the AFM images present good contrast and resolution. Using these parameters, the values of 3D texture parameters remain constant. These kinds of measurements are extremely important to conduct further AFM experiments on polyimide and polyurethane surfaces under optimal conditions, thus avoiding unwanted artifacts on the morphological images or unrealistic values for the 3D surface texture parameters that might occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Stoica
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Daniel Timpu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Virgil Barboiu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
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3
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Eceiza A, Larrañaga M, de la Caba K, Kortaberria G, Marieta C, Corcuera MA, Mondragon I. Structure–property relationships of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers based on polycarbonate diols. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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Wisse E, Spiering AJH, van Leeuwen ENM, Renken RAE, Dankers PYW, Brouwer LA, van Luyn MJA, Harmsen MC, Sommerdijk NAJM, Meijer EW. Molecular recognition in poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-based thermoplastic elastomers. Biomacromolecules 2007; 7:3385-95. [PMID: 17154467 DOI: 10.1021/bm060688t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The molecular recognition properties of the hydrogen bonding segments in biodegradable thermoplastic elastomers were explored, aiming at the further functionalization of these potentially interesting biomaterials. A poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-based poly(urea) 2 was synthesized and characterized in terms of mechanical properties, processibility and histocompatibility. Comparison of the data with those obtained from the structurally related poly(urethane urea) 1 revealed that the difference in hard segment structure does not significantly affect the potency for application as a biomaterial. Nevertheless, the small differences in hard block composition had a strong effect on the molecular recognition properties of the hydrogen bonding segments. High selectivity was found for poly(urea) 2 in which bisureidobutylene-functionalized azobenzene dye 3 was selectively incorporated while bisureidopentylene-functionalized azobenzene dye 4 was completely released. In contrast, the incorporation of both dyes in poly(urethane urea) 1 led in both cases to their gradual release in time. Thermal analysis of the polymers in combination with variable temperature infrared experiments indicated that the hard blocks in 1 showed a sharp melting point, whereas those in 2 showed a very broad melting trajectory. This suggests a more precise organization of the hydrogen bonding segments in the hard blocks of poly(urea) 2 compared to poly(urethane urea) 1 and explains the results from the molecular recognition experiments. Preliminary results revealed that a bisureidobutylene-functionalized GRGDS peptide showed more supramolecular interaction with the PCL-based poly(urea), containing the bisureidobutylene recognition unit, as compared to HMW PCL, lacking this recognition unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Wisse
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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5
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Wisse E, Govaert LE, Meijer HEH, Meijer EW. Unusual Tuning of Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomers Using Supramolecular Fillers. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060986i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Wisse
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Section Materials Technology (MaTe), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - L. E. Govaert
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Section Materials Technology (MaTe), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - H. E. H. Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Section Materials Technology (MaTe), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Section Materials Technology (MaTe), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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6
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Price WJ, Kuo PK, Lee TR, Colorado R, Ying ZC, Liu GY. Probing the local structure and mechanical response of nanostructures using force modulation and nanofabrication. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:8422-8. [PMID: 16114952 DOI: 10.1021/la047520i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are designed and produced using coadsorption and nanografting techniques. Because the structures of these artificially engineered domains are predesigned and well-characterized, a systematic investigation is possible to study the mechanical responses to force modulation under atomic force microscope tips. Force modulation imaging reveals characteristic contrast sensitivity to changes in molecular-level packing, molecule chain lengths, domain boundaries, and surface chemical functionalities in SAMs. By means of actively tuning the driving frequency, the resonances at the tip-surface contact are selectively activated. Therefore, specific surface features, such as the edges of the domains and nanostructures or desired chemical functionalities, can be selectively enhanced in the amplitude images. These observations provide a new and active approach in materials characterization and the study of nanotribology using atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Virgilio N, Favis BD, Pépin MF, Desjardins P, L'Espérance G. High Contrast Imaging of Interphases in Ternary Polymer Blends Using Focused Ion Beam Preparation and Atomic Force Microscopy. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0482664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gilles L'Espérance
- Center for Characterization and Microscopy of Materials(CM)2, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7 Canada
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Gan D, Mueller A, Wooley KL. Amphiphilic and hydrophobic surface patterns generated from hyperbranched fluoropolymer/linear polymer networks: Minimally adhesive coatings via the crosslinking of hyperbranched fluoropolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Wen G, Li X, Liao Y, An L. Surface phase separations of PMMA/SAN blends investigated by atomic force microscopy. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Volkis V, Nelkenbaum E, Lisovskii A, Hasson G, Semiat R, Kapon M, Botoshansky M, Eishen Y, Eisen MS. Group 4 octahedral benzamidinate complexes: syntheses, structures, and catalytic activities in the polymerization of propylene modulated by pressure. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:2179-94. [PMID: 12590546 DOI: 10.1021/ja020575r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structural X-ray diffraction studies for some benzamidinate ligations and several group 4 benzamidinate complexes are presented. The use of the cis-octahedral C(2)-symmetry compounds was studied to shed light on the conceptual applicability of these complexes as potential catalysts for the stereoregular polymerization of propylene. We demonstrate that the stereoregular polymerization of propylene catalyzed by early-transition metal octahedral benzamidinate complexes, activated with either MAO or B(C(6)F(5))(3) as cocatalysts, can be modulated by pressure (from atactic to isotactic through elastomers). The different effects in the polymerization process such as the nature of solvent or cocatalyst, temperature, pressure, molar ratio catalyst:cocatalyst, and the relationship between the symmetry of the complex and the polymer microstructure have been investigated. When the complex [4-CH(3)-C(6)H(4)C(NTMS)(2)](2)ZrMe(2) (9) was activated with MAO, it was found to be a good catalyst for the polymerization of propylene, at atmospheric pressure, producing an oily polymer resembling an atactic polypropylene. Being activated with B(C(6)F(5))(3), complex 9 produces a highly isotactic (mmmm = 98%) product. Likewise, when the polymerization of propylene was performed with complex 9 and MAO at high pressure (liquid propylene), a highly stereoregular polymer was also obtained. Larger activities and stereoregularities were achieved by performing the reaction in CH(2)Cl(2) as compared to toluene. Contrary to complex 9, at atmospheric pressure the complex [4-CH(3)-C(6)H(4)C(NTMS)(2)](2)TiMe(2) (10) is not active either in CH(2)Cl(2) or in toluene. At high pressure, complex 10 produces elastomeric polypropylene. Activities of the isolobal complexes [C(6)H(4)C(NTMS)(2)](2)ZrMe(2) (11) and [C(6)H(4)C(NTMS)(2)](2)TiMe(2) (12) were found to be larger than those of complexes 9 and 10, respectively. Contrary to the structures of the elastomeric polypropylenes described in the literature, the obtained elastomers are characterized by frequent alternation of the isotactic domains with stereodefects. The stereoregular errors are formed by the intramolecular epimerization of the growing chain at the last inserted unit. The epimerization reaction was corroborated through the isomerization of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Volkis
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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11
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Lin AC, Goh MC. Investigating the ultrastructure of fibrous long spacing collagen by parallel atomic force and transmission electron microscopy. Proteins 2002; 49:378-84. [PMID: 12360527 DOI: 10.1002/prot.10224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of fibrous long spacing (FLS) collagen fibrils has been investigated by performing both atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on exactly the same area of FLS collagen fibril samples. These FLS collagen fibrils were formed in vitro from type I collagen and alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) solutions. On the basis of the correlated AFM and TEM images obtained before and after negative staining, the periodic dark bands observed in TEM images along the longitudinal axis of the FLS collagen fibril correspond directly to periodic protrusions seen by AFM. This observation is in agreement with the original surmise made by Gross, Highberger, and Schmitt (Gross J, Highberger JH, Schmitt FO, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1954;40:679-688) that the major repeating dark bands of FLS collagen fibrils observed under TEM are thick relative to the interband region. Although these results do not refute the idea of negative stain penetration into gap regions proposed by Hodge and Petruska (Petruska JA, Hodge AJ. Aspects of protein structure. Ramachandran GN, editor. New York: Academic Press; 1963. p. 289-300), there is no need to invoke the presence of gap regions to explain the periodic dark bands observed in TEM images of FLS collagen fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin C Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Zhu J, Start P, Mauritz KA, Wilkie CA. Silicon-methoxide-modified clays and their polystyrene nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Ott H, Abetz V, Altstädt V, Thomann Y, Pfau A. Comparative study of a block copolymer morphology by transmission electron microscopy and scanning force microscopy. J Microsc 2002; 205:106-8. [PMID: 11856386 DOI: 10.1046/j.0022-2720.2001.00975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning force microscopy (SFM) together, it was possible to verify important structural features of a nanostructured bulk material such as the kp-morphology in an ABC triblock copolymer. By applying suitable imaging techniques during the SFM measurements it was possible to determine the morphology without additional manipulation steps in between. In comparison, TEM investigations on this type of material usually require selective staining procedures prior to the measurement. Also electron beam damage is often encountered during TEM measurements especially if components such as poly(methacrylates) are present. In contrast, SFM measurements can be assumed not to significantly change the phase dimensions of the components.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ott
- Makromolekulare Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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14
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Garrett JT, Siedlecki CA, Runt J. Microdomain Morphology of Poly(urethane urea) Multiblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0102114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Ray B, Neyroud TG, Kapon M, Eichen Y, Eisen MS. Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activities for the Polymerization of Olefins Promoted by Zirconium(III) and Titanium(III) Allyl Complexes. Organometallics 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/om0009942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Ray
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, TechnionIsrael Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Tali Gueta Neyroud
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, TechnionIsrael Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Moshe Kapon
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, TechnionIsrael Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yoav Eichen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, TechnionIsrael Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Moris S. Eisen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, TechnionIsrael Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Cabral JT, Higgins JS, McLeish TCB, Strausser S, Magonov SN. Bulk Spinodal Decomposition Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy and Light Scattering. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0017743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T. C. B. McLeish
- IRC in Polymer Science and Technology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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18
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Oakey J, Marr DWM, Schwartz KB, Wartenberg M. An Integrated AFM and SANS Approach toward Understanding Void Formation in Conductive Composite Materials. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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