Liu MI, Hutson JM, Zhou B. Critical timing of bladder embryogenesis in an adriamycin-exposed rat fetal model: a clue to the origin of the bladder.
J Pediatr Surg 1999;
34:1647-51. [PMID:
10591562 DOI:
10.1016/s0022-3468(99)90636-x]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Administration of Adriamycin (ADR) in utero to pregnant rats (vaginal plug, day 0) on gestational days (GD) 6 to 9 resulted in the offspring having a cluster of malformations, including absence of bladder in 100% of cases. This study aimed to determine the critical timing of the embryological window in bladder development in this animal model.
METHODS
Timed-pregnant rats were divided randomly and injected intraperitoneally with ADR at 2 mg/kg on GD 6 to 9; GD 7 to 10; GD 8 to 11; GD 9 to 12; GD 6,8, and 9 (missing GD 7); and GD 6, 7, and 9 (missing GD 8). The control group received saline. Fetuses were harvested near term on GD 21 and dissected under a dissecting microscope and examined for gross anorectal and urogenital anomalies.
RESULTS
Administration of ADR on GD 6 to 9 (n = 63); GD 7 to 10 (n = 42); and GD 6, 7, and 9 (n = 35) resulted in 100%, 83%, and 77% bladder agenesis respectively, in contrast with 53% and 26% on GD 8 to 11 (n = 36) and GD 6, 8, and 9 (n = 49), respectively. The control (n = 52) and the GD 9 to 12 (n = 27) groups all had normal bladder development. The proportion of other urogenital and anorectal anomalies mirror that of bladder agenesis.
CONCLUSION
The results showed GD 7 to be the critical embryological timing in which bladder development can be affected by ADR, possibly by targeting the gene that is expressed in the embryonic bladder during this narrow time interval.
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