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Li B, Xie CY, Yang BX, Gou M, Xia ZY, Sun ZY, Tang YQ. The response mechanisms of industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae to acetic acid and formic acid during mixed glucose and xylose fermentation. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zepeda AB, Figueroa CA, Pessoa A, Farías JG. Free fatty acids reduce metabolic stress and favor a stable production of heterologous proteins in Pichia pastoris. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49:856-864. [PMID: 29705163 PMCID: PMC6175731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of yeasts in culture media can be affected by many factors. For example, methanol can be metabolized by other pathways to produce ethanol, which acts as an inhibitor of the heterologous protein production pathway; oxygen concentration can generate aerobic or anaerobic environments and affects the fermentation rate; and temperature affects the central carbon metabolism and stress response protein folding. The main goal of this study was determine the implication of free fatty acids on the production of heterologous proteins in different culture conditions in cultures of Pichia pastoris. We evaluated cell viability using propidium iodide by flow cytometry and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances to measure cell membrane damage. The results indicate that the use of low temperatures and low methanol concentrations favors the decrease in lipid peroxidation in the transition phase from glycerol to methanol. In addition, a temperature of 14 °C + 1%M provided the most stable viability. By contrast, the temperature of 18 °C + 1.5%M favored the production of a higher antibody fragment concentration. In summary, these results demonstrate that the decrease in lipid peroxidation is related to an increased production of free fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B Zepeda
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Ingeniería, Ciencias y Administración, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Temuco, Chile; Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina A Figueroa
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Ingeniería, Ciencias y Administración, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Temuco, Chile; Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge G Farías
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Ingeniería, Ciencias y Administración, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Temuco, Chile.
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Wakayama K, Yamaguchi S, Takeuchi A, Mizumura T, Ozawa S, Tomizuka N, Hayakawa T, Nakagawa T. Regulation of intracellular formaldehyde toxicity during methanol metabolism of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia methanolica. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:545-549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sibirny AA. Mechanisms of autophagy and pexophagy in yeasts. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 76:1279-90. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911120017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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5
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Boretsky YR, Protchenko OV, Prokopiv TM, Mukalov IO, Fedorovych DV, Sibirny AA. Mutations and environmental factors affecting regulation of riboflavin synthesis and iron assimilation also cause oxidative stress in the yeast Pichia guilliermondii. J Basic Microbiol 2008; 47:371-7. [PMID: 17910100 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200610279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency causes oversynthesis of riboflavin in several yeast species, known as flavinogenic yeasts. However, the mechanisms of such regulation are not known. We found that mutations causing riboflavin overproduction and iron hyperaccumulation (rib80, rib81 and hit1), as well as cobalt excess or iron deficiency all provoke oxidative stress in the Pichia guilliermondii yeast. Iron content in the cells, production both of riboflavin and malondialdehyde by P. guilliermondii wild type and hit1 mutant strains depend on a type of carbon source used in cultivation media. The data suggest that the regulation of riboflavin biosynthesis and iron assimilation in P. guilliermondii are linked with cellular oxidative state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy R Boretsky
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
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Nazarko VY, Thevelein JM, Sibirny AA. G-protein-coupled receptor Gpr1 and G-protein Gpa2 of cAMP-dependent signaling pathway are involved in glucose-induced pexophagy in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell Biol Int 2007; 32:502-4. [PMID: 18096414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In yeast cell, glucose induces various changes of cellular metabolism on genetic and metabolic levels. One of such changes is autophagic degradation of dispensable peroxisomes (pexophagy) which occurs in vacuoles. We have found that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, defect of G-protein-coupled receptor Gpr1 and G-protein Gpa2, both the components of cAMP-signaling pathway, strongly suppressed glucose-induced degradation of matrix peroxisomal protein thiolase. We conclude that proteins Gpr1 and Gpa2 are involved in glucose sensing and signal transduction during pexophagy process in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Y Nazarko
- Institute of Cell Biology, NAS of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street, 14/16, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
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Fayura LR, Fedorovych DV, Prokopiv TM, Boretsky YR, Sibirny AA. The pleiotropic nature of rib80, hit1, and red6 mutations affecting riboflavin biosynthesis in the yeast Pichia guilliermondii. Microbiology (Reading) 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261707010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ito T, Fujimura S, Matsufuji Y, Miyaji T, Nakagawa T, Tomizuka N. Molecular characterization of thePEX5 gene encoding peroxisomal targeting signal 1 receptor from the methylotrophic yeastPichia methanolica. Yeast 2007; 24:589-97. [PMID: 17506110 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe the molecular characterization of the PEX5 gene encoding the peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (PTS1) receptor from the methylotrophic yeast Pichia methanolica. The P. methanolica PEX5 (PmPEX5) gene contains a open reading frame corresponding to a gene product of 646 amino acid residues, and its deduced amino acid sequence shows a high similarity to those of Pex5ps from other methylotrophic yeasts. Like other Pex5ps, the PmPex5p possesses seven repeats of the TPR motif in the C-terminal region and three WXXXF/Y motifs. A strain with the disrupted PEX5 gene (pex5Delta) lost its ability to grow on peroxisome-inducible carbon sources, methanol and oleate, but grew normally on glucose and glycerol. Disruption of PmPEX5 caused a drastic decrease in peroxisomal enzyme activities and mislocalization of GFP-PTS1 and some peroxisomal methanol-metabolizing enzymes in the cytosol. Expression of the PmPEX5 gene was regulated by carbon sources, and it was strongly expressed by peroxisome-inducible carbon sources, especially methanol. Taken together, these findings show that PmPex5p has an essential physiological role in peroxisomal metabolism of P. methanolica, including methanol metabolism, and in peroxisomal localization and activation of methanol-metabolizing enzymes, e.g. AOD isozymes, DHAS and CTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ito
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
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Nakagawa T, Inagaki A, Ito T, Fujimura S, Miyaji T, Yurimoto H, Kato N, Sakai Y, Tomizuka N. Regulation of two distinct alcohol oxidase promoters in the methylotrophic yeastPichia methanolica. Yeast 2006; 23:15-22. [PMID: 16411161 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, two Pichia methanolica alcohol oxidase (AOD) promoters, P(MOD1) and P(MOD2), were evaluated in a promoter assay system utilizing the acid phosphatase (AP) gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScPHO5) as a reporter. Heterologous gene expression driven by the P(MOD1) and P(MOD2) promoters was found to be strong and tightly regulated by carbon source at the transcriptional level. P(MOD1) was induced not only by methanol but also by glycerol. P(MOD2) was induced only by methanol, although it was not repressed on the addition of glycerol to a methanol medium, suggesting that P(MOD2) is regulated in a manner distinct from that of other AOD-gene promoters. On the other hand, methanol and oxygen level-influenced gene expression mediated by P(MOD1) and P(MOD2). P(MOD1) expression was optimal at low methanol concentrations, whereas P(MOD2) was predominantly expressed at high methanol and high oxygen concentrations. Based on these results, both P(MOD2) and P(MOD1) should be useful tools for controlling heterologous gene expression in P. methanolica. In particular, it should be possible to differentially control the production phases of two heterologous proteins, using P(MOD1) and P(MOD2) in the same host cell and in the same flask.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Nakagawa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
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Ozimek P, Veenhuis M, van der Klei IJ. Alcohol oxidase: a complex peroxisomal, oligomeric flavoprotein. FEMS Yeast Res 2005; 5:975-83. [PMID: 16169288 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsyr.2005.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2005] [Revised: 06/07/2005] [Accepted: 06/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol oxidase (AO) is the key enzyme of methanol metabolism in methylotrophic yeast species. It catalyses the first step of methanol catabolism, namely its oxidation to formaldehyde with concomitant production of hydrogen peroxide. In its mature active form, AO is a molecule of high molecular mass (600 kDa) that consists of eight identical subunits, each of which carry one non-covalently bound flavin adenine nucleotide (FAD) molecule as the prosthetic group. In vivo, the protein is compartmentalized into special cell organelles, termed peroxisomes. AO is an abundant protein and its synthesis is strictly regulated by repression/derepression and induction mechanisms that occur at the transcriptional level. Various aspects of its sorting and assembly/activation render AO a unique protein. Recent developments of AO synthesis, sorting and assembly/activation are highlighted in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Ozimek
- Eukaryotic Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands
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Stasyk OV, Nazarko VY, Pochapinsky OD, Nazarko TY, Veenhuis M, Sibirny AA. Identification of intragenic mutations in the Hansenula polymorpha PEX6 gene that affect peroxisome biogenesis and methylotrophic growth. FEMS Yeast Res 2003; 4:141-7. [PMID: 14613878 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-1356(03)00153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Two interacting AAA ATPases, Pex1p and Pex6p, are indispensable for peroxisome biogenesis in different organisms. Mutations affecting corresponding genes are the most common cause of the peroxisome biogenesis disorders in humans. By UV mutagenesis of the Hansenula polymorpha pex6 mutant, deficient in peroxisome biogenesis, we isolated a conditional cold-sensitive strain with restored ability to grow in methanol medium at 37 degrees C but not at 28 degrees C. Sequencing of the pex6 allele revealed a point mutation in the first AAA module of the PEX6 gene that leads to substitution of a conserved amino acid residue (G737E). An additional intragenic mutation identified in the cold-sensitive pex6 allele leads to a conserved amino acid substitution in the second AAA domain (R1000G). Electron microscopic analysis revealed restored peroxisomes in methanol-induced cold-sensitive pex6 cells at both permissive and restrictive temperatures. If separated, the secondary mutation did not affect methylotrophic growth. Our data suggest that H. polymorpha Pex6p may have a complex function in peroxisome biogenesis in which identified amino acid residues are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh V Stasyk
- Institute of Cell Biology, Drahomanov Str. 14/16, 79005, Lviv, Ukraine
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Klionsky DJ, Cregg JM, Dunn WA, Emr SD, Sakai Y, Sandoval IV, Sibirny A, Subramani S, Thumm M, Veenhuis M, Ohsumi Y. A Unified Nomenclature for Yeast Autophagy-Related Genes. Dev Cell 2003; 5:539-45. [PMID: 14536056 DOI: 10.1016/s1534-5807(03)00296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 912] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
To set the basis for molecular and cellular studies of the glyoxylate cycle in methylotrophic yeasts, we isolated and characterized ALG2, the Hansenula polymorpha isocitrate lyase gene. Complementation work and sequence analysis revealed an ORF of 1458 nucleotides, encoding a 486 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 54.9 kDa. This protein is shorter than the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis ICLs, lacks a PST1 signal and possesses a PTS2-like signal. The transcriptional regulation of ALG2 mRNA levels by carbon source is mainly achieved by glucose repression-derepression, whereas ethanol induction plays only a minor role. We present evidence indicating that, in H. polymorpha, neither isocitrate lyase activity nor the ALG2 gene product are necessary for C(1)-peroxisome degradation triggered by ethanol. Therefore, the involvement of glyoxylate in degradation, as described by Kulachkovsky et al. (1997) for Pichia methanolica, does not necessarily apply to all methylotrophic yeasts. The relevant nucleotide sequence has been deposited at GenBank (Accession No. AF373067.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Berardi
- Laboratorio di Genetica Microbica, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
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Abstract
In the last two decades, much progress has been made in understanding the process of induction and biogenesis of peroxisomes, essential organelles in all eukaryotes. Only relatively recently, the first molecular studies on the selective degradation of this important organelle-a process known as pexophagy, which occurs when the organelles have become redundant-have been performed, especially using methylotrophic yeasts. The finding that pexophagy and other transport pathways to the vacuole (vacuolar protein sorting, autophagy, cytoplasm-to-vacuole-targeting and endocytosis) utilize common but also unique genes has placed pexophagy in the heart of the machinery that recycles cellular material. The quest is now on to understand how peroxisome degradation has become such a highly selective process and what the signals are that trigger it. In addition, because the prime determinant of pexophagy is located on the peroxisome itself, it has become essential to study the role of peroxisomal membrane proteins in the degradation process in detail. This review highlights the main achievements of the last years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Bellu
- Eukaryotic Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048, USA
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Moroz OM, Gonchar MV, Sibirny AA. Efficient bioconversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde using a novel mutant strain of the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 68:44-51. [PMID: 10699870 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(20000405)68:1<44::aid-bit5>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the isolation of mutant strains of the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha that are able to efficiently oxidize ethanol to acetaldehyde in an intact cell system. The oxidation reaction is catalyzed by alcohol oxidase (AOX), a key enzyme in the methanol metabolic pathway that is typically present only in H. polymorpha cells growing on methanol. At least three mutations were introduced in the strains. Two of the mutations resulted in high levels of AOX in glucose-grown cells of the yeast. The third mutation introduced a defect in the cell's normal ability to degrade AOX in response to ethanol, and thus stabilizing the enzyme in the presence of this substrate. Using these strains, conditions for bioconversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde were examined. In addition to pH and buffer concentration, we found that the yield of acetaldehyde was improved by the addition of the proteinase inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and by permeabilization of the cells with digitonin. Under optimal shake-flask conditions using one of the H. polymorpha mutant strains, conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde was nearly quantitative.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Moroz
- Lviv State University, Lviv, Ukraine
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