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David DD, Zanetti G, Souto-Neto JA, Sua-Cespedes CD, Lacerda JT, Castrucci AMDL. Temperature-driven changes in the neuroendocrine axis of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus during the molt cycle. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 357:114598. [PMID: 39122124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Environmental cues such as temperature induce macroscopic changes in the molting cycle of crustaceans, however, the physiological mechanisms behind these changes remain unclearWe aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms in the intermolt and premolt stages of the Callinectes sapidus molt cycle in response to thermal stimuli. The concentration of ecdysteroids and lipids in the hemolymph, and the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and molt key genes were assessed at 19 °C, 24 °C and 29 °C. The premolt animals exhibited a much larger response to the colder temperature than intermolt animals. Ecdysteroids decreased drastically in premolt animals, whereas the expression of their hepatopancreas receptor (CasEcR) increased, possibly compensating for the low hemolymphatic levels at 19 °C. This decrease might be due to increased HSPs and inhibited ecdysteroidogenesis in the Y-organ. In addition, the molting-inhibiting hormone expression in the X-organ/sinus gland (XO/SG) remained constant between temperatures and stages, suggesting it is constitutive in this species. Lipid concentration in the hemolymph, and the expression of CasEcR and CasHSP90 in the XO/SG were influenced by the molting stage, not temperature. On the other hand, the expression of HSPs in the hepatopancreas is the result of the interaction between the two factors evaluated in the study. Our results demonstrated that temperature is an effective modulator of responses related to the molting cycle at the endocrine level and that temperature below the control condition caused a greater effect on the evaluated responses compared to the thermostable condition, especially when the animal was in the premolt stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dantas David
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Giovanna Zanetti
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Araújo Souto-Neto
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Thalles Lacerda
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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David DD, de Assis LVM, Moraes MN, Zanotto FP, Castrucci AMDL. CasEcR and CasMIH Genes in the Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus: A Temporal Evaluation and Melatonin Effects. Front Physiol 2022; 13:903060. [PMID: 35800348 PMCID: PMC9253825 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.903060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental cues synchronize endogenous rhythms of many physiological processes such as hormone synthesis and secretion. Little is known about the diurnal pattern of hormones and gene expression of the Callinectes sapidus molt cycle. We aimed to investigate in the eyestalk and hepatopancreas of premolt and intermolt C. sapidus the following parameters: 1) the diurnal expression of the ecdysteroid receptor CasEcR isoforms, and the molt inhibiting hormone CasMIH; 2) the diurnal hemolymph ecdysteroid and melatonin levels; and 3) melatonin effects on the transcripts of the above-mentioned genes in intermolt C. sapidus. Ecdysteroid levels were higher in the premolt than the intermolt animals at all time points evaluated (ZTs). Premolt crabs displayed a variation of ecdysteroid concentration between time points, with a reduction at ZT17. No difference in the melatonin level was seen in either molt stage or between stages. In the eyestalk of intermolt animals, CasEcR expression oscillated, with a peak at ZT9, and premolt crabs have a reduction at ZT9; CasMIH transcripts did not vary along 24 h in either molt stage. Moreover, the evaluated eyestalk genes were more expressed at ZT9 in the intermolt than the premolt crabs. In the hepatopancreas, CasEcR expression showed a peak at ZT9 in premolt crabs. Exogenous melatonin (10−7 mol/animal) reduced the expression of both genes in the eyestalk at ZT17. In the hepatopancreas, melatonin markedly increased the expression of the CasEcR gene at ZT9. Taken altogether, our results are pioneer in demonstrating the daily oscillation of gene expression associated to molt cycle stages, as well as the daily ecdysteroid and melatonin levels and the remarkable influence of melatonin on the molt cycle of C. sapidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dantas David
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute of Neurobiology, Lübeck University, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maria Nathalia Moraes
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Pinheiro Zanotto
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
- *Correspondence: Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci,
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Zhou L, Li S, Wang Z, Li F, Xiang J. An eclosion hormone-like gene participates in the molting process of Palaemonid shrimp Exopalaemon carinicauda. Dev Genes Evol 2017; 227:189-199. [PMID: 28417205 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-017-0580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Molting behavior is an important physiological process related to metamorphosis, growth, and reproduction in crustaceans. Previous studies indicated that the molting process was controlled by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and upstream hormones, peptides, and environmental factors, which regulate 20E function. Eclosion hormone (EH) in insect is a kind of neuropeptide that is regulated by 20E and triggers ecdysis behavior at the end of molting process. However, the function of eclosion hormone gene during the molting process in crustaceans is still largely unknown. In the present study, an eclosion hormone-like gene EcEHL was identified from Exopalaemon carinicauda. The deduced amino acid sequence of EcEHL contained a signal peptide, a typical eclosion domain, and six conserved cysteine residues forming three putative disulfide bonds. EcEHL was predominantly expressed in the epidermis, gill, and eyestalk of shrimp. In situ hybridization analysis showed that EcEHL transcripts were localized in gill cells and in medulla externa X-organ, medulla terminalis X-organ, sinus gland, and lamina ganglionaris of eyestalks. During the molting process of shrimp, EcEHL showed the highest expression level in shrimp at the premolt stage. The expression level of EcEHL in shrimp at mid premolt stage was up-regulated by injection of exogenous 20E. Silencing of EcEHL using double-stranded RNA delayed both the molting process and ecdysis rate of E. carinicauda. Furthermore, injection of exogenous 20E to shrimp at mid premolt stage (D2) could remarkably speed up the molting process and also raise the ecdysis rate of E. carinicauda. The results revealed that EcEHL might participate in the molting process of shrimp and its expression was regulated by 20E. These data will help us to understand the molecular mechanism of molting in crustacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Sumiya E, Ogino Y, Toyota K, Miyakawa H, Miyagawa S, Iguchi T. Neverlandregulates embryonic moltings through the regulation of ecdysteroid synthesis in the water fleaDaphnia magna, and may thus act as a target for chemical disruption of molting. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1476-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eri Sumiya
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI; (Graduate University for Advanced Studies; 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Yukiko Ogino
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI; (Graduate University for Advanced Studies; 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Kenji Toyota
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyakawa
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education; Utsunomiya University; 350 Mine-machi Utsunomiya Tochigi 321-8505 Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI; (Graduate University for Advanced Studies; 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI; (Graduate University for Advanced Studies; 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
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5
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Sin YW, Kenny NJ, Qu Z, Chan KW, Chan KWS, Cheong SPS, Leung RWT, Chan TF, Bendena WG, Chu KH, Tobe SS, Hui JHL. Identification of putative ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone pathway genes in the shrimp Neocaridina denticulata. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 214:167-76. [PMID: 25101838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone (JH) and the steroidal ecdysteroids are of vital importance to the development and reproduction of insects, our understanding of the evolution of these crucial hormonal regulators in other arthropods is limited. To better understand arthropod hormone evolution and regulation, here we describe the hormonal pathway genes (e.g. those involved in hormone biosynthesis, degradation, regulation and signal transduction) of a new decapod model, the shrimp Neocaridina denticulata. The majority of known insect sesquiterpenoid and ecdysteroid pathway genes and their regulators are contained in the N. denticulata genome. In the sesquiterpenoid pathway, these include biosynthetic pathway components: juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase (JHAMT); hormone binding protein: juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP); and degradation pathway components: juvenile hormone esterase (JHE), juvenile hormone esterase binding protein (JHEBP) and juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH), with the JHBP, JHEBP and JHEH genes being discovered in a crustacean for the first time here. Ecdysteroid biosynthetic pathway genes identified include spook, phantom, disembodied, shadow and CYP18. Potential hormonal regulators and signal transducers such as allatostatins (ASTs), Methoprene-tolerant (Met), Retinoid X receptor (RXR), Ecdysone receptor (EcR), calponin-like protein Chd64, FK509-binding protein (FKBP39), Broad-complex (Br-c), and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone/molt-inhibiting hormone/gonad-inhibiting hormone (CHH/MIH/GIH) genes are all present in the shrimp N. denticulata. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these hormonal pathways and their regulatory genes together in a single decapod, providing a vital resource for further research into development, reproduction, endocrinology and evolution of crustaceans, and arthropods in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Wa Sin
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Centre for Soybean Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Nathan J Kenny
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Centre for Soybean Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zhe Qu
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Centre for Soybean Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Wo Chan
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Centre for Soybean Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Katie W S Chan
- The Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education, Chaiwan, Hong Kong
| | - Sam P S Cheong
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Centre for Soybean Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ricky W T Leung
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Centre for Soybean Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Centre for Soybean Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | | | - Ka Hou Chu
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Centre for Soybean Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Stephen S Tobe
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Jerome H L Hui
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Centre for Soybean Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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6
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Mykles DL. Ecdysteroid metabolism in crustaceans. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 127:196-203. [PMID: 20837145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The molting gland, or Y-organ (YO), is the primary site for ecdysteroid synthesis in decapod crustaceans. Ecdysteroid biosynthesis is divided into two stages: (1) conversion of cholesterol to 5β-diketol and (2) conversion of 5β-diketol to secreted products. Stage 1 involves the conversion of cholesterol to 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DC) by 7,8-dehydrogenase, the "Black Box" reactions involving 3-oxo-Δ(4) intermediates, and the conversion of Δ(4)-diketol to 5β-diketol by 5β[H]-reductase. The stage 2 reactions generate four major products, depending on species: ecdysone, 3-dehydroecdysone (3DE), 25-deoxyecdysone (25dE), and 3-dehydro-25-deoxyecdysone (3D25dE). Peripheral tissues convert these compounds to the active hormones 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and ponasterone A (25-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone or 25d20E). The hydroxylations at C25, C22, C2, and C20 are catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 mono-oxygenases, which are encoded by the Halloween genes Phantom, Disembodied, Shadow, and Shade, respectively, in insects. Orthologs of these genes are present in the Daphnia genome and a cDNA encoding Phantom has been cloned from prawn. Inactivation involves conversion of ecdysteroids to polar metabolites and/or conjugates, which are eliminated in the urine and feces. The antennal gland is the major route for excretion of ecdysteroids synthesized by the YO. The hepatopancreas eliminates ingested ecdysteroids by forming apolar conjugates. The concentrations of ecdysteroids vary over the molt cycle and are determined by the combined effects biosynthesis, metabolism, and excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Mykles
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Campus 1878, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Chang ES, Mykles DL. Regulation of crustacean molting: a review and our perspectives. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 172:323-30. [PMID: 21501612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Molting is a highly complex process that requires precise coordination to be successful. We describe the early classical endocrinological experiments that elucidated the hormones and glands responsible for this process. We then describe the more recent experiments that have provided information on the cellular and molecular aspects of molting. In addition to providing a review of the scientific literature, we have also included our perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest S Chang
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California-Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA.
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8
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Rewitz KF, Styrishave B, Løbner-Olsen A, Andersen O. Marine invertebrate cytochrome P450: emerging insights from vertebrate and insects analogies. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2006; 143:363-81. [PMID: 16769251 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Revised: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 04/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are responsible for the oxidative metabolism of a plethora of endogenous and exogenous substrates. P450s and associated activities have been demonstrated in numerous marine invertebrates belonging to the phyla Cnidaria, Annelida (Polychaeta), Mollusca, Arthropoda (Crustacea) and Echinodermata. P450s of marine invertebrates and vertebrates show considerable sequence divergence and the few orthologs reveal the selective constraint on physiologically significant enzymes. P450s are present in virtually all tissues of marine invertebrates, although high levels usually are found in hepatic-like organs and steroidogenic tissues. High-throughput technologies result in the rapid acquisition of new marine invertebrate P450 sequences; however, the understanding of their function is poor. Based on analogy to vertebrates and insects, it is likely that P450s play a pivotal role in the physiology of marine invertebrates by catalyzing the biosynthesis of signal molecules including steroids such as 20-hydroxyecdysone (the molting hormone of crustaceans). The metabolism of many exogenous compounds including benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), pyrene, ethoxyresorufin, ethoxycoumarin and aniline is mediated by P450 enzymes in tissues of marine invertebrates. P450 gene expression, protein levels and P450 mediated metabolism of xenobiotics are induced by PAHs in some marine invertebrate species. Thus, regulation of P450 enzyme activity may play a central role in the adaptation of animals to environmental pollutants. Emphasis should be put on the elucidation of the function and regulation of the ever-increasing number of marine invertebrate P450s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim F Rewitz
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Gunamalai V, Kirubagaran R, Subramoniam T. Hormonal coordination of molting and female reproduction by ecdysteroids in the mole crab Emerita asiatica (Milne Edwards). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2004; 138:128-38. [PMID: 15302262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2004] [Revised: 04/12/2004] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of hemolymph ecdysteroids using radioimmunoassay (RIA) indicates a biphasic increase during intermolt and premolt stages of the mole crab Emerita asiatica. The gradual rise during intermolt stage corresponds to vitellogenic activities in the ovary; whereas a distinctive premolt peak is characteristic of molting crustaceans. Injection experiments with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) during different molt cycle stages revealed the onset of precocious premolt changes, as determined by the epidermal retraction and setal development. Injection of 20E augmented protein synthesis in the ovary, hepatopancreas and integumentary tissues. Quantification of ecdysteroids in different developmental stages of ovary also indicated a progressive increase of ovarian ecdysteroids. Interestingly, the ovarian ecdysteroids after reaching a peak at C3 stage, start declining drastically to reach the lowest level at D(3-4) stage. This decline in the ovarian ecdysteroids is inversely related to rising hemolymph ecdysteroids during these active premolt stages. The hatching of the embryos, attached to the pleopods of the ovigerous females also occurs under a high titer of hemolymph ecdysteroids. In support, 20E injection at C3 stage crabs indicated a significant reduction in time duration of pleopodal embryonic development leading to hatching of zoea larvae. Understandably, the augmented hemolymph ecdysteroid titer helps in the synchronization of embryo hatching and the premolt changes, as occurring under the normal premolt conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gunamalai
- Unit of Invertebrate Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Madras (Guindy Campus), Chennai 600 025, India
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Kim HW, Batista LA, Hoppes JL, Lee KJ, Mykles DL. A crustacean nitric oxide synthase expressed in nerve ganglia, Y-organ,gill and gonad of the tropical land crab,Gecarcinus lateralis. J Exp Biol 2004; 207:2845-57. [PMID: 15235013 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYNO signaling is involved in many physiological processes in invertebrates. In crustaceans, it plays a role in the regulation of the nervous system and muscle contraction. Nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR generated a full-length cDNA sequence (3982 bp) of land crab NO synthase(Gl-NOS) from molting gland (Y-organ) and thoracic ganglion mRNA. The open reading frame encoded a protein of 1199 amino acids with an estimated mass of 135 624 Da. Gl-NOS had the highest sequence identity with insect NOS. The amino acid sequences for binding heme and tetrahydrobiopterin in the oxygenase domain, binding calmodulin and binding FMN, FAD and NADPH in the reductase domain were highly conserved. Gl-NOS had single amino acid differences in all three highly conserved FAD-binding sequences, which distinguished it from other NOS sequences. RT-PCR showed that the Gl-NOS mRNA was present in testis,ovary, gill, eyestalk neural ganglia, thoracic ganglion and Y-organ. NOS mRNA varied between preparations of Y-organ, thoracic ganglion and gill, while NOS mRNA was at consistently high levels in the ovary, testis and eyestalk ganglia. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the Gl-NOS protein was expressed in Y-organ, ovary and gill. These results suggest that NOS has functions in addition to neuromodulation in adults, such as regulating or modulating ecdysteroid synthesis in the Y-organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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11
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OKUMURA TAKUJI, KAMBA MARI, SONOBE HARUYUKI, AIDA KATSUMI. In vitrosecretion of ecdysteroid by Y-organ during molt cycle and evidence for secretion of 3-dehydroecdysone in the giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii(Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2003.9652548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Maïbèche-Coisne M, Boscameric M, Aragon S, Lafont R, Dauphin-Villemant C. Molecular cloning of a novel crustacean member of the aldoketoreductase superfamily, differentially expressed in the antennal glands. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 282:314-20. [PMID: 11264009 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical studies on ecdysteroid metabolism in arthropods suggest that aldoketoreductase enzymes (AKRs) may be involved in this pathway, but very few molecular data are available on these oxidoreductases in invertebrates. Looking for such enzymes in the crayfish Orconectes limosus, we have used a PCR strategy with primers deduced from a recent insect 3beta-reductase sequence, and from mammalian 5beta-reductase sequences. A full-length cDNA, corresponding to a putative AKR, was isolated from crayfish antennal gland. This cDNA contains an open-reading frame of 1008 bp, encoding a predicted protein of 336 amino acids. Northern blots indicated a restricted expression of the transcript in the antennal glands, quite constant during the molting cycle, and in situ hybridization demonstrated a strong expression of the transcript in the labyrinth. This is to date the first member of the AKRs superfamily characterized in a crustacean species, and the putative function of the corresponding enzyme is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maïbèche-Coisne
- Laboratoire d'Endocrinologie Moléculaire Comparée, Bât. A 5(ème) étage, 7 Quai St. Bernard, Paris, F-75005, France
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14
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Wang WL, Spaziani E, Huang ZH, Charkowski DM, Li Y, Liu XM. Ecdysteroid hormones and metabolites of the stone crab, Menippe mercenaria. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 2000; 286:725-35. [PMID: 10797325 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-010x(20000601)286:7<725::aid-jez7>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Y-organs of the xanthid crab Menippe mercenaria secrete the ecdysteroids, 3-dehydroecdysone (3DE) and lesser amounts of 3-dehydro (or 2-dehydro)-25-deoxyecdysone (3D25dE) in vitro. These ecdysteroids were identified by elution-time comparisons with authentic standards, mass spectrography, and, for 3D25dE, infrared spectrometry. Tissues were incubated 18 hr with [(3)H]3DE. Activities representing 3beta-reductase and 20-hydroxylase generally were present, evidenced by finding in the tissue/medium extract labeled ecdysone (E) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Labeled 3-dehydro-20-hydroxyecdysone (3D20E) also appeared to be present. Tissue blanks and hemolymph were devoid of activity. Muscle was low, hypodermis was intermediate, and hindgut and gonads were high in activity of the enzymes. Consistent with the presence of these enzymes in peripheral tissues, ecdysteroid products identified in the hemolymph were 20E, 3D20E, and 25-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone (25d20E; ponasterone A). Structures of 20E and 3D20E were confirmed by co-elution with authentic standards in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), co-elution of derivatives in gas chromatography, and mass spectroscopy. Ponasterone A (identified by HPLC co-elution with the standard), like 20E is present in the hemolymph in prominent amounts. These data indicate that Menippe, among crustaceans thus far studied, secretes a unique combination of ecdysteroid hormones, namely, a 3- (or 2-) oxo compound and a 25-deoxy compound. This represents a different kind of branch point from 5beta-diketol in ecdysteroid biosynthesis, in which the intermediate, 5beta-ketodiol is bypassed. A result is the joint appearance in the circulation of the hormones, 20E and ponasterone A, which in other species are singly prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Nery LE, Da Silva MA, Castrucci AM. Possible role of non-classical chromatophorotropins on the regulation of the crustacean erythrophore. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1999; 284:711-6. [PMID: 10531558 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-010x(19991101)284:6<711::aid-jez13>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Two neuropeptides, the pigment dispersing hormone (PDH) and the pigment concentrating hormone (PCH), are well known to respectively promote centrifugal and centripetal granule translocation in the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium potiuna erythrophores. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time the effects of crustacean non-classical chromatophorotropins on the pigment migration in M. potiuna erythrophores. Although proctolin, 20-hydroxyecdisone (20HE), and melatonin were ineffective, the crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) was a full agonist, inducing pigment dispersion in a dose-dependent manner with EC(50) of 9.5. 10(-7) M. In addition, concentrations of CCAP lower than the minimal effective dose (10(-8) and 10(-7) M) decreased the PCH-induced aggregation, shifting rightward the dose-response curve (DRC) to PCH 2.2- and 29-fold, respectively. Surprisingly, melatonin (10(-7) and 10(-6) M) also shifted to the right 8.7- and 46.5-fold, respectively, the DRC to PCH. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that besides PCH and PDH, CCAP and melatonin also regulate the pigment migration within the crustacean erythrophore. J. Exp. Zool. 284:711-716, 1999.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Nery
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil 05508-900
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