1
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Hsieh PH, Yeh CY, Wang CM, Liao WS, Chen CY. Specializing Carbon Nanozyme Active Sites for Sensitive Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Metal-Free Detection. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300878. [PMID: 37934144 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
As biological enzymes regulate metabolic processes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a critical diagnostic indicator associated with many diseases. To accurately measure the enzyme activity, nanozymactic materials can offer sensitive strategies for ALP detection. However, nanozymes often lack specific target binding sites, and the presence of common co-components, e. g., metal ions, may cause false-positive or false-negative results in enzyme activity determination. Herein, we developed a colorimetric assay for ALP detection using metal-free nanozymatic carbon dots (CDs). The ALP hydrolysis of pyrophosphate ions (PPi) to phosphate ions (Pi) induces a "turn-on" response based on the nanozyme activity. This PPi-induced inhibition mechanism is extensively studied via the Michaelis-Menten model, revealing that PPi acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor for CDs at a binding site distinct from the common nanozyme active site. With superior responses to ALP substrates, a highly sensitive and selective method is established for sensing ALP activity with a linear range of 0.010-0.200 U/L and a detection limit of 0.009 U/L. This finding explores the recognition and binding behavior of nanozymes, allowing for precise and reliable measurements even in complex samples, and represents a significant breakthrough for nanozyme-based assays in biological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsuan Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yan Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 50007, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ssu Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chong-You Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 50007, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
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2
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Alacid Y, Martínez-Tomé MJ, Esquembre R, Herrero MA, Mateo CR. Portable Alkaline Phosphatase-Hydrogel Platform: From Enzyme Characterization to Phosphate Sensing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2672. [PMID: 36769007 PMCID: PMC9917215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a study on the incorporation and characterization of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) into a three-dimensional polymeric network through a green protocol to obtain transparent hydrogels (ALP@AETA) that can be stored at room temperature and potentially used as a disposable biosensor platform for the rapid detection of ALP inhibitors. For this purpose, different strategies for the immobilization of ALP in the hydrogel were examined and the properties of the new material, compared to the hydrogel in the absence of enzyme, were studied. The conformation and stability of the immobilized enzyme were characterized by monitoring the changes in its intrinsic fluorescence as a function of temperature, in order to study the unfolding/folding process inside the hydrogel, inherently related to the enzyme activity. The results show that the immobilized enzyme retains its activity, slightly increases its thermal stability and can be stored as a xerogel at room temperature without losing its properties. A small portion of a few millimeters of ALP@AETA xerogel was sufficient to perform enzymatic activity inhibition assays, so as a proof of concept, the device was tested as a portable optical biosensor for the detection of phosphate in water with satisfactory results. Given the good stability of the ALP@AETA xerogel and the interesting applications of ALP, not only in the environmental field but also as a therapeutic enzyme, we believe that this study could be of great use for the development of new devices for sensing and protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Alacid
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - María José Martínez-Tomé
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Rocío Esquembre
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - M. Antonia Herrero
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela, s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C. Reyes Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
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3
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Monti GA, Falcone RD, Moyano F, Correa NM. Green AOT reverse micelles as nanoreactors for alkaline phosphatase. The hydrogen bond "dances" between water and the enzyme, the reaction product, and the reverse micelles interface. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1194-1202. [PMID: 36686944 PMCID: PMC9811498 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06296h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present an investigation of the influence of water encapsulated in 1,4-bis-2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate/methyl laurate and 1,4-bis-2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate/isopropyl myristate reverse micelles on the enzymatic hydrolysis of 1-naphthyl phosphate by alkaline phosphatase. Our results show that the enzyme is active in the biocompatible reverse micelles studied and that the Michaelis-Menten kinetic model is valid in all systems. We found that both micellar systems studied have a particular behavior toward pH and that the penetration of external solvents into the interfaces is crucial to understanding the effect. Methyl laurate does not disrupt the interface and is not necessary to control the pH value since alkaline phosphatase in the center of the micelles is always solvated similarly. In contrast, isopropyl myristate disrupts the interfaces so that the water and 1-naphthol molecules cannot form hydrogen bond interactions with the polar head of the surfactant. Then, when the water is at pH = 7, the 1-naphthol moves away to the interfaces inhibiting alkaline phosphatase which is not observable when the water is at pH = 10. Our study shows that the concept of pH cannot be used directly in a confined environment. In addition, our research is of great importance in the field of reactions that occur in reverse micelles, catalyzed by enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Monti
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS, CONICET-UNRC), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Río Cuarto Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA, CONICET-UNRC), Departamento de Tecnología Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Río Cuarto Argentina
| | - R Darío Falcone
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS, CONICET-UNRC), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Río Cuarto Argentina
| | - Fernando Moyano
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS, CONICET-UNRC), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Río Cuarto Argentina
| | - N Mariano Correa
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS, CONICET-UNRC), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Río Cuarto Argentina
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4
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Grossenbacher M, Foley W, Musie GT. Tetranuclear iron(III) complexes with a carboxylate-rich ligand as synthetic mimics of phosphoesterases in aqueous media. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Monitoring protein conformational changes using fluorescent nanoantennas. Nat Methods 2022; 19:71-80. [PMID: 34969985 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between protein structural dynamics and function is crucial for both basic research and biotechnology. However, methods for studying the fast dynamics of structural changes are limited. Here, we introduce fluorescent nanoantennas as a spectroscopic technique to sense and report protein conformational changes through noncovalent dye-protein interactions. Using experiments and molecular simulations, we detect and characterize five distinct conformational states of intestinal alkaline phosphatase, including the transient enzyme-substrate complex. We also explored the universality of the nanoantenna strategy with another model protein, Protein G and its interaction with antibodies, and demonstrated a rapid screening strategy to identify efficient nanoantennas. These versatile nanoantennas can be used with diverse dyes to monitor small and large conformational changes, suggesting that they could be used to characterize diverse protein movements or in high-throughput screening applications.
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6
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Foley W, Arman H, Musie GT. Homodinuclear copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes of a carboxylate-rich ligand as synthetic mimics of phosphoester hydrolase in aqueous solutions. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 225:111589. [PMID: 34530333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization and catalytic activities of two homodinuclear Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of a carboxylate-rich ligand, N,N'-Bis[2-carboxybenzomethyl]-N,N' -Bis[carboxymethyl]-1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol (H5ccdp) ligand towards the hydrolysis of (p-nitrophenyl phosphate) (PNPP) and bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP) substrates in aqueous systems are described. Kinetic investigations were carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometric techniques at 25 °C and 37 °C and different pH (7-10) conditions. The kinetic studies revealed that the turnover rate (kcat) values among the PNPP hydrolysis systems, the highest and the lowest kcat values were displayed by [Cu2(ccdp)(μ-OAc)]2- at 2.34 × 10-6 s-1 (pH 8 and 37 °C) and 2.13 × 10-8 s-1 (pH 8 and 25 °C), respectively. However, similar comparisons among the BNPP hydrolysis revealed that highest and the lowest kcat values were displayed by [Zn2(ccdp)(μ-OAc)]2- at 4.64 × 10-8 s-1 (pH 9 and 37 °C) and 2.38 × 10-9 (pH 9 and 25 °C). Significantly enough, the catalyst-substrate adduct species containing a metal bound PNPP and BNPP have been detected by ESI-MS techniques. Additionally, a PNPP-bound copper complex has been isolated and crystalized using single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Based on the structural and activity information obtained in this study, reaction mechanisms for the hydrolysis of PNPP have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Foley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Ghezai T Musie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States.
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7
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Parente JE, Naso LG, Jori K, Franca CA, da Costa Ferreira AM, Williams PAM, Ferrer EG. In vitroexperiments and infrared spectroscopy analysis of acid and alkaline phosphatase inhibition by vanadium complexes. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01638d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two oxidovanadium complexes with 4-aminobenzoic acid and/or the peroxo anion as ligands were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, TGA/DTA,1H NMR, EPR, FTIR, and UV/vis spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana E. Parente
- Center of Inorganic Chemistry (CEQUINOR, CONICET-CICPBA-UNLP)
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- National University of La Plata
- 1900 La Plata
| | - Luciana G. Naso
- Center of Inorganic Chemistry (CEQUINOR, CONICET-CICPBA-UNLP)
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- National University of La Plata
- 1900 La Plata
| | - Khalil Jori
- Center of Inorganic Chemistry (CEQUINOR, CONICET-CICPBA-UNLP)
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- National University of La Plata
- 1900 La Plata
| | - Carlos A. Franca
- Center of Inorganic Chemistry (CEQUINOR, CONICET-CICPBA-UNLP)
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- National University of La Plata
- 1900 La Plata
| | | | - Patricia A. M. Williams
- Center of Inorganic Chemistry (CEQUINOR, CONICET-CICPBA-UNLP)
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- National University of La Plata
- 1900 La Plata
| | - Evelina G. Ferrer
- Center of Inorganic Chemistry (CEQUINOR, CONICET-CICPBA-UNLP)
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- National University of La Plata
- 1900 La Plata
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8
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Islas MS, Martínez Medina JJ, Piro OE, Echeverría GA, Ferrer EG, Williams PAM. Comparisons of the spectroscopic and microbiological activities among coumarin-3-carboxylate, o-phenanthroline and zinc(II) complexes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 198:212-221. [PMID: 29547823 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Coumarins (2H-chromen-2-one) are oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds that belong to the benzopyranones family. In this work we have synthesized different coordination complexes with coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (HCCA), o-phenanthroline (phen) and zinc(II). In the reported [Zn(CCA)2(H2O)2] complex, coumarin-3-carboxylate (CCA) is acting as a bidentate ligand while in the two prepared complexes, [Zn(phen)3]CCA(NO3) (obtained as a single crystal) and [Zn(CCA)2phen].4H2O, CCA is acting as a counterion of the complex cation [Zn(phen)3]+2 or coordinated to the metal center along with phen, respectively. These compounds were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis and thermogravimetry. NMR, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies of the compounds and the CCA potassium salt (KCCA) allow to determine several similarities and differences among them. Finally, their behavior against alkaline phosphatase enzyme and their antimicrobial activities were also measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S Islas
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR), FCE, UNLP, Bv. 120 n° 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Oscar E Piro
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and IFLP(CONICET, CCT La Plata), C.C. 67, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Echeverría
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and IFLP(CONICET, CCT La Plata), C.C. 67, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Evelina G Ferrer
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR), FCE, UNLP, Bv. 120 n° 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Patricia A M Williams
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR), FCE, UNLP, Bv. 120 n° 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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9
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Jafari B, Ospanov M, Ejaz SA, Yelibayeva N, Khan SU, Amjad ST, Safarov S, Abilov ZA, Turmukhanova MZ, Kalugin SN, Ehlers P, Lecka J, Sévigny J, Iqbal J, Langer P. 2-Substituted 7-trifluoromethyl-thiadiazolopyrimidones as alkaline phosphatase inhibitors. Synthesis, structure activity relationship and molecular docking study. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:116-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Nema A, Pareek R, Rai T, Panda D. The Role of Glutathione and Ethanol in Dictating the Emission Dynamics of Natural Resources-Derived Highly Luminescent Carbon Nanodots. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akansh Nema
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology; Institute of National Importance; Jais- 229304, Uttar Pradesh INDIA
| | - Rakshit Pareek
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology; Institute of National Importance; Jais- 229304, Uttar Pradesh INDIA
| | - Tripti Rai
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology; Institute of National Importance; Jais- 229304, Uttar Pradesh INDIA
| | - Debashis Panda
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology; Institute of National Importance; Jais- 229304, Uttar Pradesh INDIA
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11
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Hassan S, Ejaz SA, Saeed A, Shehzad M, Ullah Khan S, Lecka J, Sévigny J, Shabir G, Iqbal J. 4-Aminopyridine based amide derivatives as dual inhibitors of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase and ecto-5'-nucleotidase with potential anticancer activity. Bioorg Chem 2017; 76:237-248. [PMID: 29197225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotidase members i.e., ecto-5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase, hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides and play an important role in purinergic signaling. Their overexpression are implicated in a variety of pathological states, including immunological diseases, bone mineralization, vascular calcification and cancer, and thus they represent an emerging drug targets. In order to design potent and selective inhibitors, new derivatives of 4-aminopyridine have been synthesized (10a-10m) and their structures were established on the basis of spectral data. The effect of nature and position of substituent was interestingly observed and justified on the basis of their detailed structure activity relationships (SARs) against both families of ecto-nucleotidase. Compound 10a displayed significant inhibition (IC50 ± SEM = 0.25 ± 0.05 µM) that was found ≈168 fold more potent as compared to previously reported inhibitor suramin (IC50 ± SEM = 42.1 ± 7.8 µM). This compound exhibited 6 times more selectivity towards h-TNAP over h-e5'NT. The anticancer potential and mechanism were also established using cell viability assay, flow cytometric analysis and nuclear staining. Molecular docking studies were also carried out to gain insight into the binding interaction of potent compounds within the respective enzyme pockets and herring-sperm DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Hassan
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muddasar Shehzad
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafi Ullah Khan
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Joanna Lecka
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ghulam Shabir
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan.
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12
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Hill RLL, Vlach J, Parker LK, Christie GE, Saad JS, Dokland T. Derepression of SaPIbov1 Is Independent of φNM1 Type 2 dUTPase Activity and Is Inhibited by dUTP and dUMP. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:1570-1580. [PMID: 28400210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic human pathogen able to transfer virulence genes to other cells through the mobilization of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). SaPIs are derepressed and packaged into phage-like transducing particles by helper phages like 80α or φNM1. Phages 80α and φNM1 encode structurally distinct dUTPases, Dut80α (type 1) and DutNM1 (type 2). Both dUTPases can interact with the SaPIbov1 Stl master repressor, leading to derepression and mobilization. That two structurally distinct dUTPases bind the same repressor led us to speculate that dUTPase activity may be important to the derepression process. In type 1 dUTPases, Stl binding is inhibited by dUTP. The purpose of this study was to assess the involvement of dUTP binding and dUTPase activity in derepression by DutNM1. DutNM1 activity mutants were created and tested for dUTPase activity using a novel NMR-based assay. We found that all DutNM1 null activity mutants interacted with the SaPIbov1 Stl C-terminal domain, formed DutNM1-Stl heterodimers, and caused the release of the Pstr promoter. However, promoter release was inhibited in the presence of dUTP or dUMP. We tested two φNM1 mutant phages that had null enzyme activity and found that they could still mobilize SaPIbov1. These results show that only the apo form of DutNM1 is active in Stl derepression and that dUTPase activity is not necessary for the mobilization of SaPIbov1 by DutNM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne L L Hill
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jiri Vlach
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Laura K Parker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Gail E Christie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jamil S Saad
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Terje Dokland
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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13
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Hjörleifsson JG, Ásgeirsson B. Cold-active alkaline phosphatase is irreversibly transformed into an inactive dimer by low urea concentrations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:755-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Segat A, Misra N, Cullen P, Innocente N. Effect of atmospheric pressure cold plasma (ACP) on activity and structure of alkaline phosphatase. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Singh A, Rai T, Panda D. Photoluminescence dynamics of copper nanoclusters synthesized by cellulase: role of the random-coil structure. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09763d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulase-directed synthesis of magic numbered Cu NCs with blue-, cyan-, and green emission from Cu12, Cu20, and Cu34, respectively is presented. The random coil structure of enzyme dictates the size and luminescent properties of Cu NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Singh
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology
- (An Institute of National Importance)
- Rae Bareli
- India
| | - Tripti Rai
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology
- (An Institute of National Importance)
- Rae Bareli
- India
| | - Debashis Panda
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology
- (An Institute of National Importance)
- Rae Bareli
- India
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16
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Dash M, Samal SK, Douglas TEL, Schaubroeck D, Leeuwenburgh SC, Van Der Voort P, Declercq HA, Dubruel P. Enzymatically biomineralized chitosan scaffolds for tissue-engineering applications. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1500-1513. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoni Dash
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis B-9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Sangram K. Samal
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis B-9000 Ghent Belgium
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy; Ghent University; Harelbekestraat 72 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics; Ghent University; Harelbekestraat 72 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Timothy E. L. Douglas
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis B-9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - David Schaubroeck
- Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST); Imec and Ghent University; Technologiepark 914a 9052 Ghent Belgium
| | - Sander C. Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Medical Centre; PO Box 9101 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Van Der Voort
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, COMOC; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Heidi A. Declercq
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tissue Engineering Group; Ghent University; De Pintelaan 185 (6B3) 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis B-9000 Ghent Belgium
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17
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Dambatta MS, Murni NS, Izman S, Kurniawan D, Froemming GRA, Hermawan H. In vitro degradation and cell viability assessment of Zn–3Mg alloy for biodegradable bone implants. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2015; 229:335-42. [DOI: 10.1177/0954411915584962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the in vitro degradation and cytotoxicity assessment of Zn–3Mg alloy developed for biodegradable bone implants. The alloy was prepared using casting, and its microstructure was composed of Mg2Zn11 intermetallic phase distributed within a Zn-rich matrix. The degradation assessment was done using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectrometry. The cell viability and the function of normal human osteoblast cells were assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium and alkaline phosphatase extracellular enzyme activity assays. The results showed that the degradation rate of the alloy was slower than those of pure Zn and pure Mg due to the formation of a high polarization resistance oxide film. The alloy was cytocompatible with the normal human osteoblast cells at low concentrations (<0.5 mg/mL), and its alkaline phosphatase activity was superior to pure Mg. This assessment suggests that Zn–3Mg alloy has the potential to be developed as a material for biodegradable bone implants, but the toxicity limit must be carefully observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- MS Dambatta
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - NS Murni
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - S Izman
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - D Kurniawan
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics, and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - GRA Froemming
- Institute for Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - H Hermawan
- Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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18
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Nowakowski AB, Wobig WJ, Petering DH. Native SDS-PAGE: high resolution electrophoretic separation of proteins with retention of native properties including bound metal ions. Metallomics 2014; 6:1068-78. [PMID: 24686569 PMCID: PMC4517606 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is commonly used to obtain high resolution separation of complex mixtures of proteins. The method initially denatures the proteins that will undergo electrophoresis. Although covalent structural features of resolved proteins can be determined with SDS-PAGE, functional properties are destroyed, including the presence of non-covalently bound metal ions. To address this shortcoming, blue-native (BN)-PAGE has been introduced. This method retains functional properties but at the cost of protein resolving power. To address the need for a high resolution PAGE method that results in the separation of native proteins, experiments tested the impact of changing the conditions of SDS-PAGE on the quality of protein separation and retention of functional properties. Removal of SDS and EDTA from the sample buffer together with omission of a heating step had no effect on the results of PAGE. Reduction of SDS in the running buffer from 0.1% to 0.0375% together with deletion of EDTA also made little impact on the quality of the electrophoretograms of fractions of pig kidney (LLC-PK1) cell proteome in comparison with that achieved with the SDS-PAGE method. The modified conditions were called native (N)SDS-PAGE. Retention of Zn(2+) bound in proteomic samples increased from 26 to 98% upon shifting from standard to modified conditions. Moreover, seven of nine model enzymes, including four Zn(2+) proteins that were subjected to NSDS-PAGE retained activity. All nine were active in BN-PAGE, whereas all underwent denaturation during SDS-PAGE. Metal retention after electrophoresis was additionally confirmed using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and in-gel Zn-protein staining using the fluorophore TSQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Nowakowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.
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19
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Montenegro MF, Moral-Naranjo MT, Campoy FJ, Muñoz-Delgado E, Vidal CJ. The lipid raft-bound alkaline phosphatase activity increases and the level of transcripts remains unaffected in liver of merosin-deficient LAMA2dy mouse. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 216:1-8. [PMID: 24680793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (AP) and other proteins add glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) before addressing to raft domains of the cell membrane. Our previous report showing an increased density of lipid rafts in muscle of dystrophic Lama2dy mice prompted us to compare livers of normal (NL) and dystrophic mice (DL) for their levels of rafts. With this aim, hepatic rafts were isolated as Triton X-100 resistant membranes, and identified by their abundance of flotillin-2, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and other raft markers. The comparable abundance of cholesterol and flotillin-2 in rafts of NL and DL contrasted with the double AP activity both in rafts of DL and whole DL. The AP mRNA level was the same in NL and DL. Sedimentation analysis profiles revealed AP activity of NL distributed between dimeric (dAP) and monomeric AP (mAP), whose proportions and lectin-binding extent changed in DL. The increased AP activity and changed AP glycosylation in DL, the prevalence of mAP in NL and the enhanced stability of dAP in DL demonstrated the critical role that glycosylation and oligomerization play for AP catalysis. The higher AP activity of DL probably arises from dystrophy-associated changes in glycosyl transferases, which alter AP glycosylation and subunit folding with profitable effects for AP stability and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Montenegro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - María Teresa Moral-Naranjo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Campoy
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Encarnación Muñoz-Delgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Cecilio J Vidal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain.
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20
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Kiffer-Moreira T, Sheen CR, Gasque KCDS, Bolean M, Ciancaglini P, van Elsas A, Hoylaerts MF, Millán JL. Catalytic signature of a heat-stable, chimeric human alkaline phosphatase with therapeutic potential. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89374. [PMID: 24586729 PMCID: PMC3933536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant alkaline phosphatases are becoming promising protein therapeutics to prevent skeletal mineralization defects, inflammatory bowel diseases, and treat acute kidney injury. By substituting the flexible crown domain of human intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) with that of the human placental isozyme (PLAP) we generated a chimeric enzyme (ChimAP) that retains the structural folding of IAP, but displays greatly increased stability, active site Zn2+ binding, increased transphosphorylation, a higher turnover number and narrower substrate specificity, with comparable selectivity for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), than the parent IAP isozyme. ChimAP shows promise as a protein therapeutic for indications such as inflammatory bowel diseases, gut dysbioses and acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kiffer-Moreira
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Campbell R. Sheen
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kellen Cristina da Silva Gasque
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Mayte Bolean
- Departamento de Química, FFCLRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marc F. Hoylaerts
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Copper(II) complexes with cyanoguanidine and o-phenanthroline: Theoretical studies, in vitro antimicrobial activity and alkaline phosphatase inhibitory effect. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Santos IC, Mesquita RB, Bordalo AA, Rangel AO. Use of solid phase extraction for the sequential injection determination of alkaline phosphatase activity in dynamic water systems. Talanta 2012; 98:203-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Inhibition of a Zn(II)-containing enzyme, alcohol dehydrogenase, by anticancer antibiotics, mithramycin and chromomycin A3. J Biol Inorg Chem 2008; 14:347-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-008-0451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Atyaksheva LF, Chukhrai ES, Poltorak OM. The catalytic properties of alkaline phosphatases under various conditions. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024408110265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Khodagholi F, Yazdanparast R. Cooperative effects of artificial chaperone and Mg2+ ions on alkaline phosphatase refolding. Biochem Eng J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2007.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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26
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Khodagholi F, Yazdanparast R. Designing a Highly Efficient Refolding System for Alkaline Phosphatase using Combination of Cyclodextrin and Mg2+ Ion. Protein J 2007; 27:1-6. [PMID: 17588144 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-006-9021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two different folding aids including alpha-cyclodextrin and Mg2+ ions were applied to alkaline phosphatase refolding. The refolding yield depending on concentration of each of the refolding agents reached to 55 and 52% in the presence of 100 mM alpha-cyclodextrin and/or 5 mM Mg2+ ions, respectively. However, the refolding yield, mediated by combination of alpha-cyclodextrin and Mg2+ ions, was more than 96%. Replacement of Mg2+ ion with other type of ions which interact with alpha-cyclodextrin interfere with the function of cyclodextrin resulting in low refolding yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Khodagholi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Helianti I, Okubo T, Morita Y, Tamiya E. Characterization of thermostable native alkaline phosphatase from an aerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon, Aeropyrum pernix K1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 74:107-12. [PMID: 17256119 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Revised: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the characterization of an alkaline phosphatase (AP) from an aerobic hyperthermophilic Archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1. The native AP was purified into homogeneity. The enzyme is predicted as a homodimeric structure with a native molecular mass of about 75 kDa and monomer of about 40 kDa. Apparent optimum pH and temperature were estimated at 10.0 and above 95 degrees C, respectively. Magnesium ion increased both the stability and the activity of the enzyme. A. pernix AP has been demonstrated as a very thermostable AP, retaining about 76% of its activity after being incubated at 90 degrees C for 5.5 h and 67% of its activity after being incubated at 100 degrees C for 2.5 h, respectively, under the presence of Mg(II). Enzyme activity was increased in addition of exogenous Mg(II), Ca(II), Zn(II), and Co(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Is Helianti
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
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28
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Zhang L, Buchet R, Azzar G. Phosphate binding in the active site of alkaline phosphatase and the interactions of 2-nitrosoacetophenone with alkaline phosphatase-induced small structural changes. Biophys J 2005; 86:3873-81. [PMID: 15189884 PMCID: PMC1304289 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.103.034116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To monitor structural changes during the binding of Pi to the active site of mammalian alkaline phosphatase in water medium, reaction-induced infrared spectroscopy was used. The interaction of Pi with alkaline phosphatase was triggered by a photorelease of ATP from the inactive P(3)-[1-(2-nitrophenyl)]ethyl ester of ATP. After photorelease, ATP was sequentially hydrolyzed by alkaline phosphatase giving rise to adenosine and three Pi. Although a phosphodiesterase activity was detected prior the photorelease of ATP, it was possible to monitor the structural effects induced by Pi binding to alkaline phosphatase. Interactions of Pi with alkaline phosphatase were evidenced by weak infrared changes around 1631 and at 1639 cm(-1), suggesting a small distortion of peptide carbonyl backbone. This result indicates that the motion required for the formation of the enzyme-phosphate complex is minimal on the part of alkaline phosphatase, consistent with alkaline phosphatase being an almost perfect enzyme. Photoproduct 2-nitrosoacetophenone may bind to alkaline phosphatase in a site other than the active site of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase and than the uncompetitive binding site of L-Phe in bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase, affecting one-two amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon I, UFR Chimie-Biochimie UMR CNRS 5013, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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29
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Zappa S, Boudrant J, Kantrowitz ER. Pyrococcus abyssi alkaline phosphatase: the dimer is the active form. J Inorg Biochem 2004; 98:575-81. [PMID: 15041236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2004.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2003] [Revised: 01/26/2004] [Accepted: 01/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatases (APs), E.C. 3.1.3.1, are non-specific phosphomonoesterases optimally active under alkaline conditions. They are classically known to be homodimeric metalloenzymes. This quaternary structure has been considered necessary for activity, although the relationship between quaternary structure and activity is not well understood. Recombinant Pyrococcus abyssi AP was previously isolated and characterized, appearing to have two active quaternary structures on native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: a monomer and a homodimer. The purpose of the present work was to determine the actual quaternary structure of P. abyssi AP in solution, by isolating each of the two quaternary forms and establishing the parameters governing the assembly and dissociation of the dimer. pH appeared to be an important parameter: in acidic media, the monomer/dimer ratio shifted towards monomer. Buffer composition also affected the quaternary structure: at the same pH, in potassium phosphate buffer, the two quaternary structures were observed, whereas in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride buffer, only the dimer was observed. Metals bound to the enzyme were found to be involved in the stability of the quaternary structure. Indeed, the P. abyssi AP obtained upon removal of the metals was monomeric. Reactivation of the latter was achieved with variable efficiency. From these experiments, no active monomer could be isolated, leading the conclusion that the active form of P. abyssi AP is the homodimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zappa
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, CNRS, INPL-ENSAIA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, B.P. 172, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
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30
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Whisnant AR, Gilman SD. Studies of reversible inhibition, irreversible inhibition, and activation of alkaline phosphatase by capillary electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 2002; 307:226-34. [PMID: 12202238 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(02)00062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Reversible inhibition, irreversible inhibition, and activation of calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) have been studied by capillary electrophoresis. The capillary electrophoretic enzyme-inhibitor assays were based on electrophoretic mixing of inhibitor and enzyme zones in a substrate-filled capillary. Enzyme inhibition was indicated by a decrease in product formation detected in the capillary by laser-induced fluorescence. Reversible enzyme inhibitors could be quantified by Michaelis-Menten treatment of the electrophoretic data. Reversible, competitive inhibition of alkaline phosphatase by sodium vanadate and sodium arsenate has been examined, and reversible, noncompetitive inhibition by theophylline has been studied. The K(i) values determined for these reversible inhibitors using capillary electrophoresis are within the range of values reported in the literature for the same enzyme-inhibitor combinations. Irreversible inhibition of alkaline phosphatase by EDTA at concentrations of 1.0mM and above has been observed. Activation of alkaline phosphatase has also been observed for EDTA at concentrations from 20 to 400 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Whisnant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1600, USA
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31
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Bortolato M, Besson F, Roux B. An infrared study of the thermal and pH stabilities of the GPI-alkaline phosphatase from bovine intestine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 292:874-9. [PMID: 11944895 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) from bovine intestine mucosa (BIAP) is a homodimeric metalloenzyme, which hydrolyses nonspecifically phosphate monoesters at alkaline pH with release of inorganic phosphate and alcohol. BIAP is either soluble (sBIAP) or membrane-anchored by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol moiety (GPI-BIAP). This anchor might have some contribution in the stabilization of the GPI-linked protein structure. Our purpose was to study the role of the anchor by using two parameters, the enzymatic activity and the protein conformation, which was analyzed by using FTIR spectroscopy. We determined that the two forms of BIAP show some similarities with the previously described structure of alkaline phosphatase isolated from Escherichia coli and human placenta. Meanwhile GPI-BIAP and sBIAP exhibit similar specific activities, the presence of the anchor increases the thermal and pH stabilities of the enzyme activity and conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Bortolato
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Biologique, UMR-CNRS 5013, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 43, Villeurbanne Cedex, F-69622, France.
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32
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Park YD, Yang Y, Chen QX, Lin HN, Liu Q, Zhou HM. Kinetics of complexing activation by the magnesium ion on green crab (Scylla serrata) alkaline phosphatase. Biochem Cell Biol 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/o01-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As with mammalian enzymes, green crab (Scylla serrata) alkaline phosphatase can be activated by Mg2+through a time-dependent course. The activation is mainly a Vmaxeffect. Tsou's method was used to study the kinetic course of activation. The results show that the enzyme was activated by a complexing scheme that had not been previously identified: the enzyme first reversibly and quickly binds Mg2+and then undergoes a slow reversible course to activation, with a relatively high activation energy (78 ± 4 kJ/mol) and a slow conformational change. The activation reaction is a single molecule reaction, and the apparent activation rate constant is independent of Mg2+concentration if the concentration is sufficiently high. The microscopic rate constants of activation and the association constant were determined from the measurements. The proposed scheme may also be applied to the Mg2+activation mechanism for mammalian enzyme, to explain why the activation rate is time-dependent and not diffusion controlled. Substrate binding was also shown to affect the activation rate constant.Key words: alkaline phosphatase, green crab, kinetics, activation, magnesium ion.
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33
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Asgeirsson B, Hauksson JB, Gunnarsson GH. Dissociation and unfolding of cold-active alkaline phosphatase from atlantic cod in the presence of guanidinium chloride. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:6403-12. [PMID: 11029583 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cold-adaptation of enzymes involves improvements in catalytic efficiency. This paper describes studies on the conformational stability of a cold-active alkaline phosphatase (AP) from Atlantic cod, with the aim of understanding more clearly its structural stability in terms of subunit dissociation and unfolding of monomers. AP is a homodimeric enzyme that is only active in the dimeric state. Tryptophan fluorescence, size-exclusion chromatography and enzyme activity were used to monitor alterations in conformational state induced by guanidinium chloride or urea. In cod AP, a clear distinction could be made between dissociation of dimers into monomers and subsequent unfolding of monomers (fits a three-state model). In contrast, dimer dissociation of calf AP coincided with the monophasic unfolding curve observed by tryptophan fluorescence (fits a two-state model). The DeltaG for dimer dissociation of cod AP was 8.3 kcal.mol-1, and the monomer stabilization free energy was 2.2 kcal.mol-1, giving a total of 12.7 kcal.mol-1, whereas the total free energy of calf intestinal AP was 17.3 kcal.mol-1. Thus, dimer formation provided a major contribution to the overall stability of the cod enzyme. Phosphate, the reaction product, had the effect of promoting dimer dissociation and stabilizing the monomers. Cod AP has reduced affinity for inorganic phosphate, the release of which is the rate-limiting step of the reaction mechanism. More flexible links at the interface between the dimer subunits may ease structural rearrangements that facilitate more rapid release of phosphate, and thus catalytic turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Asgeirsson
- Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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