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Babu KG, Patidar R, Kuntegowdanahalli CL, Dasappa L, Jacob LA, Babu S, Rudresha AH, Kadabur LN, Rajeev LK, Koppaka D, Asati V. Metastatic Synovial Sarcoma: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center from India. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_237_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Synovial sarcoma represents 8% of all soft-tissue sarcoma (STS). It is a high-grade STS, and 50% of patients develop metastasis. The most common site of metastasis is the lungs, lymph nodes followed by bones. Ifosfamide-based chemotherapy is associated with improved outcome. In this study, we report our experience of metastatic synovial sarcoma according to primary sites, metastatic pattern, and their outcome. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study carried out at our institute from January 2013 to December 2016. The aim of our study was to evaluate the pattern of metastasis, response to chemotherapy, and survival in patients with metastatic synovial sarcoma. Results: Over a period of 4 years, 43 patients with metastatic synovial sarcoma were diagnosed with median age of 30 years. Nearly 70% of patients had lung metastasis, other site of metastasis were lymph node, bone, and liver. Thirty patients received chemotherapy with a combination of ifosfamide and doxorubicin. The overall response rate was 87% with median progression-free survival of 8 months. Patients with lung only metastasis had better survival compared with nonpulmonary metastatic site (18 months vs. 12 months). The median survival was 18 months. Conclusion: Metastatic synovial sarcoma is chemoresponsive tumor with lung being the most common metastatic site. Patients with lung only metastasis had a better outcome than nonpulmonary metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Govind Babu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Cancer Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh Patidar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Cancer Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Lokanatha Dasappa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Cancer Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Linu Abraham Jacob
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Cancer Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Babu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Cancer Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - AH Rudresha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Cancer Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Lokesh N Kadabur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Cancer Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - LK Rajeev
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Cancer Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Koppaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Cancer Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikas Asati
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Cancer Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Frustaci S, Buonadonna A, Romanini A, Comandone A, Dalla Palma M, Gamucci T, Verusio C, Lionetto R, Dani C, Casali P, Santoro A. Increasing dose of Continuous Infusion Ifosfamide and Fixed dose of Bolus Epirubicin in Soft Tissue Sarcomas. A Study of the Italian Group on Rare Tumors. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 85:229-33. [PMID: 10587022 DOI: 10.1177/030089169908500403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the maximum tolerated doses (MTD) of ifosfamide when given as a continuous infusion and in combination with fixed doses of bolus 4′-epidoxorubicin in advanced previously untreated adult soft tissue sarcoma patients. Methods Treatment consisted of epidoxorubicin, 60 mg/m2 days one and two, and ifosfamide, 1.5 g/m2 every 12 hrs as a 72-hr infusion, at the first level. Further levels of ifosfamide were defined as increments of 12 hrs of the same infusion program. G-CSF 300 μg/die was administered from days +7 to +14. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as: G4 leukopenia or thrombocytopenia of ≥5 days; any G3 neuro or nephrotoxicity; G4 toxicity of any kind. Patients had to complete at least 2 consecutive cycles, and MTD was defined as the level in which 20% of patients developed a DLT; 10-15 patients were entered in each level. Results First level: overall, 13 patients entered, 3 were not assessable for MTD, and only one developed a DLT. Second level: 18 patients entered, 3 were not assessable for MTD. Hematologic DLT was observed in 3/15 assessable patients. Therefore, the MTD was found at the ifosfamide level of 10.5 g/m2 given in 84 hrs. Eight patients of 29 assessable for response achieved an objective response: 1 complete and 7 partial. The overall response rate was 28% (95% CI: 13-47%). Conclusions If we accept 4-day G4 leukopenia as a reliable cutoff for safety, ifosfamide intensification cannot be substantially exploited over already available schedules with the combination of ifosfamide and anthracyclines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Frustaci
- Divisione di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy.
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Peinemann F, Labeit AM. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation following high-dose chemotherapy for non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas: a Cochrane systematic review*. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005033. [PMID: 25079925 PMCID: PMC4120440 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We conducted a systematic review to compare the efficacy and adverse events of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) following high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) versus standard-dose chemotherapy (SDCT) in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS). SETTING Patients were observed in hospital units specialised for cancer therapy. PARTICIPANTS The review evaluated 294 patients with 19 different subtypes of malignant NRSTS. The patients had a median age between 10 and 46 years (range 2-65) and were mostly men. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURE The planned and measured primary outcomes were overall survival and treatment-related mortality. The planned and measured secondary outcomes were progression-free survival, grade 3-4 non-haematological toxicity and secondary neoplasia. Other secondary outcomes including disease-free survival, event-free survival and health-related quality of life were not reported. RESULTS We included 62 studies reporting on 294 transplanted patients. We identified 1 randomised controlled trial (RCT) with 38 transplanted and 45 non-transplanted patients and judged a low risk of bias. We further identified 61 single-arm studies with 256 transplanted patients. Overall survival in the RCT was reported not statistically significantly different between autologous HSCT following HDCT versus SDCT. The HR was 1.26 (95% CI 0.70 to 2.29; p=0.44) and the point estimates at 3 years were 32.7% vs 49.4%. Data from single-arm studies were used to extract data on adverse events. Treatment-related mortality was reported in 5.1% (15 of 294) transplanted patients. CONCLUSIONS Overall survival in patients with locally advanced or metastatic NRSTS was not statistically different after autologous HSCT following HDCT compared with SDCT in a single RCT with a total of 83 patients. No other comparative study was available. The proportion of adverse events among the transplanted patients is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Peinemann
- Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander M Labeit
- Center for Outcomes Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, USA
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Primary synovial sarcomas of the mediastinum: a systematic review and pooled analysis of the published literature. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2014; 2014:412527. [PMID: 24563786 PMCID: PMC3916017 DOI: 10.1155/2014/412527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background. The aim of this systematic review is to attempt to provide a descriptive analysis for cases of synovial sarcoma (SS) arising in the mediastinum and to analyze prognostic factors. Methods. We performed PubMed database search in July 2013. Twenty-two studies, which included 40 patients, form the basis of this review. Demographic and disease-related factors were analyzed for possible influence on survival. Findings were compared with extremity SS studies reported in literature. Results. Sixteen cases (40%) presented with locally advanced unresectable disease, 2 (5%) with metastatic disease, and 22 (55%) with localized resectable disease. Median tumor size was 11 cm (range: 5–20 cm). Thirty patients were assessable for survival and had a 5-year OS of 36%. Completeness of resection was the only factor associated with significant improvement in OS (5-year survival of 63% and 0% in favor of complete resection, P = 0.003). Conclusion. Mediastinal SS is associated with poor prognosis as more cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage and with larger tumor size compared to extremity SS. Complete surgical resection is the only identified factor associated with better prognosis and may result in survival outcomes that are comparable with those for localized SS of the extremity.
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Ek ETH, Choong PFM. The role of high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for pediatric bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 6:225-37. [PMID: 16445375 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.6.2.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis for children with bone and soft tissue sarcomas has significantly improved since the advent of effective multiagent chemotherapy, aggressive surgery for local disease and more precise delivery of radiotherapy doses. However, in a small proportion of patients that present with high-risk disease, long-term outcome has not substantially increased, with disease-free survival rates still in the order of 20-30%. It is therefore clear that novel therapies are needed for children with these tumors. Based on the highly chemosensitive nature of the majority of pediatric sarcomas, several small studies have been conducted to investigate the potential role of high-dose chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell reconstitution. This review will provide an overview of the current literature concerning the use of high-dose therapy with stem cell transplantation for the three main pediatric sarcomas--Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene T H Ek
- Department of Orthopedics, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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A non-comparative phase II study of dose intensive chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide followed by high dose ICE consolidation with PBSCT in non-resectable, high grade, adult type soft tissue sarcomas. Invest New Drugs 2013; 31:1592-601. [PMID: 24091981 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-013-0027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to determine the role of dose intensive induction chemotherapy in patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STS) that were considered unresectable. Treatment consisted of 2-3 cycles of doxorubicin (Dox) and ifosfamide (Ifo) followed by high dose chemotherapy with ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide (HD-ICE) plus peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). 30 out of 631 consecutive patients, median age 46 years (21-62), with high grade STS were included. 29 patients completed at least 2 cycles of Dox/Ifo. HD-ICE was withheld because of progressive disease (PD) in 5 patients, neurotoxicity in 6 cases, insufficient peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization, complete remission (CR) and refusal in 1 patient each. HD-ICE was associated with non-haematological grade III toxicity including emesis, mucositis, fever, neurotoxicity, and transaminase level elevation. Two additional patients attained a partial response after HD-ICE. Overall, 24 of 30 (80%) patients underwent surgery, with complete tumor resections in 19 patients (63% of all patients, 79% of the operated subgroup); however, 2 of these required amputation. After a median follow up period of 50 months in surviving patients (range, 26-120), 5-year PFS and OS rates were 39% and 48%, respectively. Induction chemotherapy plus consolidation HD-ICE is generally feasible, but is associated with significant neurotoxicity. The advantage of HD-ICE over conventional dose chemotherapy plus external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in non-resectable disease remains unproven.
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Peinemann F, Smith LA, Bartel C. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following high dose chemotherapy for non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 2013:CD008216. [PMID: 23925699 PMCID: PMC6457767 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008216.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a highly heterogeneous group of rare malignant solid tumors. Non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS) comprise all STS except rhabdomyosarcoma. In patients with advanced local or metastatic disease, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) applied after high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) is a planned rescue therapy for HDCT-related severe hematologic toxicity. The rationale for this update is to determine whether any randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been conducted and to clarify whether HDCT followed by autologous HSCT has a survival advantage. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of HDCT followed by autologous HSCT for all stages of non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS) in children and adults. SEARCH METHODS For this update we modified the search strategy to improve the precision and reduce the number of irrelevant hits. All studies included in the original review were considered for re-evaluation in the update. We searched the electronic databases CENTRAL (2012, Issue 11) in The Cochrane Library , MEDLINE and EMBASE (05 December 2012) from their inception using the newly developed search strategy. Online trials registers and reference lists of systematic reviews were searched. SELECTION CRITERIA Terms representing STS and autologous HSCT were required in the title or abstract. In studies with aggregated data, participants with NRSTS and autologous HSCT had to constitute at least 80% of the data. Single-arm studies were included in addition to studies with a control arm because the number of comparative studies was expected to be very low. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted study data. Some studies identified in the original review were re-examined and found not to meet the inclusion criteria and were excluded in this update. For studies with no comparator group, we synthesized the results for studies reporting aggregate data and conducted a pooled analysis of individual participant data using the Kaplan-Meyer method. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and treatment-related mortality (TRM). MAIN RESULTS The selection process was carried out from the start of the search dates for the update. We included 57 studies, from 260 full text articles screened, reporting on 275 participants that were allocated to HDCT followed by autologous HSCT. All studies were not comparable due to various subtypes. We identified a single comparative study, an RCT comparing HDCT followed by autologous HSCT versus standard chemotherapy (SDCT). The overall survival (OS) at three years was 32.7% versus 49.4% with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.26 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70 to 2.29, P value 0.44) and thus not significantly different between the treatment groups. In a subgroup of patients that had a complete response before treatment, OS was higher in both treatment groups and OS at three years was 42.8% versus 83.9% with a HR of 2.92 (95% CI 1.1 to 7.6, P value 0.028) and thus was statistically significantly better in the SDCT group. We did not identify any other comparative studies. We included six single-arm studies reporting aggregate data of cases; three reported the OS at two years as 20%, 48%, and 51.4%. One other study reported the OS at three years as 40% and one further study reported a median OS of 13 months (range 3 to 19 months). In two of the single-arm studies with aggregate data, subgroup analysis showed a better OS in patients with versus without a complete response before treatment. In a survival analysis of pooled individual data of 80 participants, OS at two years was estimated as 50.6% (95% CI 38.7 to 62.5) and at three years as 36.7% (95% CI 24.4 to 49.0). Data on TRM, secondary neoplasia and severe toxicity grade 3 to 4 after transplantation were sparse. The one included RCT had a low risk of bias and the remaining 56 studies had a high risk of bias. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS A single RCT with a low risk of bias shows that OS after HDCT followed by autologous HSCT is not statistically significantly different from standard-dose chemotherapy. Therefore, HDCT followed by autologous HSCT for patients with NRSTS may not improve the survival of patients and should only be used within controlled trials if ever considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Peinemann
- Children's Hospital, University of ColognePediatric Oncology and HematologyKerpener Str. 62CologneGermany50937
| | - Lesley A Smith
- Oxford Brookes UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Social Work and Public HealthJack Straws LaneMarstonOxfordUKOX3 0FL
| | - Carmen Bartel
- Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG)Dep. Quality of Health CareIm Mediapark 8CologneGermany50670
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Salah S, Yaser S, Salem A, Al Mousa A, Abu Sheikha A, Sultan I. Factors influencing survival in metastatic synovial sarcoma: importance of patterns of metastases and the first-line chemotherapy regimen. Med Oncol 2013; 30:639. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Peinemann F, Smith LA, Kromp M, Bartel C, Kröger N, Kulig M. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following high-dose chemotherapy for non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011:CD008216. [PMID: 21328307 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008216.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a highly heterogeneous group of rare malignant solid tumors. Non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS) comprise all STS except rhabdomyosarcoma. In patients with advanced local or metastatic disease, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) applied after high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) is a planned rescue therapy for HDCT-related severe hematologic toxicity. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of HDCT followed by autologous HSCT for all stages of soft tissue sarcomas in children and adults. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the electronic databases CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 2), MEDLINE and EMBASE (February 2010). Online trial registers, congress abstracts and reference lists of reviews were searched and expert panels and authors were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA Terms representing STS and autologous HSCT were required in the title, abstract or keywords. In studies with aggregated data, participants with NRSTS and autologous HSCT had to constitute at least 80% of the data. Comparative non-randomized studies were included because randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were not expected. Case series and case reports were considered for an additional descriptive analysis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Study data were recorded by two review authors independently. For studies with no comparator group, we synthesised results for studies reporting aggregate data and conducted a pooled analysis of individual participant data using the Kaplan-Meyer method. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and treatment-related mortality (TRM). MAIN RESULTS We included 54 studies, from 467 full texts articles screened (11.5%), reporting on 177 participants that received HSCT and 69 participants that received standard care. Only one study reported comparative data. In the one comparative study, OS at two years after HSCT was estimated as statistically significantly higher (62.3%) compared with participants that received standard care (23.2%). In a single-arm study, the OS two years after HSCT was reported as 20%. In a pooled analysis of the individual data of 54 participants, OS at two years was estimated as 49% (95% CI 34% to 64%). Data on TRM, secondary neoplasia and severe toxicity grade 3 to 4 after transplantation were sparse. All 54 studies had a high risk of bias. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Due to a lack of comparative studies, it is unclear whether participants with NRSTS have improved survival from autologous HSCT following HDCT. Owing to this current gap in knowledge, at present HDCT and autologous HSCT for NRSTS should only be used within controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Peinemann
- Department of Non-Drug Interventions, Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG), Dillenburger Str. 27, Cologne, Germany, 51105
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De Pas T, Rosati G, Spitaleri G, Boni C, Tucci A, Frustaci S, Scalamogna R, Radice D, Boselli S, Toffalorio F, Catania C, Noberasco C, Delmonte A, Vecchio F, de Braud F. Optimizing Clinical Care in Patients with Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma: A Phase II Study of a New Schedule of High-Dose Continuous Infusion Ifosfamide and Doxorubicin Combination. Chemotherapy 2011; 57:217-24. [DOI: 10.1159/000326466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Krikelis D, Judson I. Role of chemotherapy in the management of soft tissue sarcomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2010; 10:249-60. [PMID: 20132000 DOI: 10.1586/era.09.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are a diverse group of rare tumors that comprise 1% of all cancers. Few randomized trials of chemotherapy have been performed but there is a clear role for agents such as doxorubicin and ifosfamide in the palliation of advanced disease. There is uncertainty as to whether sequential single-agent treatment is equivalent to combination chemotherapy. For the majority of histological subtypes adjuvant chemotherapy is not of proven value, although there may be situations where it is advantageous. However, there are other subtypes, such as the Ewing's sarcoma family tumors, for which chemotherapy is an essential part of primary management and has definitely improved survival. Apart from Ewing's sarcoma family tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma, there is increasing specialization of chemotherapy according to histological subtype, such as the use of taxanes for angiosarcoma, gemcitabine and docetaxel for leiomyosarcoma, and trabectedin for leiomyosarcoma and liposarcoma, especially the myxoid/round cell variant. Nevertheless, there are serious limitations to existing treatment and novel therapies need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Krikelis
- University Hospital of Ioannina, Stavros Niarchos Avenue, 45500, Ioannina, Greece.
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Consolidation with high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell support for responding patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcomas: prospective, single-institutional phase II study. Bone Marrow Transplant 2009; 45:1234-8. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2009.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Maurel J, López-Pousa A, de las Peñas R, Fra J, Martín J, Cruz J, Casado A, Poveda A, Martínez-Trufero J, Balañá C, Gómez MA, Cubedo R, Gallego O, Rubio-Viqueira B, Rubió J, Andrés R, Sevilla I, de la Cruz JJ, del Muro XG, Buesa JM. Efficacy of Sequential High-Dose Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide Compared With Standard-Dose Doxorubicin in Patients With Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma: An Open-Label Randomized Phase II Study of the Spanish Group for Research on Sarcomas. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:1893-8. [PMID: 19273704 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.19.2930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the progression-free survival (PFS) and antitumor response to standard-dose doxorubicin compared with sequential dose-dense doxorubicin and ifosfamide in first-line treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Patients and Methods Patients with measurable advanced soft tissue sarcoma, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) < 2, between the ages 18 and 65 years, and with adequate bone marrow, liver, and renal function were entered in the study. The stratifications were: ECOG PS (0 v 1), location of metastases, and potentially resectable disease. Patients were randomly assigned to either doxorubicin 75 mg/m2 given as a bolus injection every 3 weeks for 6 cycles (arm A) or doxorubicin at 30 mg/m2 per day for 3 consecutive days once every 2 weeks for 3 cycles followed by ifosfamide at 12.5 g/m2 delivered by continuous infusion over 5 days once every 3 weeks for 3 cycles with filgastrim or pegfilgastrim support (arm B). Results Between December 2003 and September 2007, 132 patients were entered onto the study. Febrile neutropenia, asthenia, and mucositis were more frequent in the arm B. The interim preplanned analysis for futility allowed the premature closure. Objective responses were observed in 23.4% of assessable patients in arm A and 24.1% in arm B. PFS was 26 weeks in the arm A and 24 weeks in arm B (P = .88). Overall survival did not differ between the two therapeutic arms (P = .14). Conclusion Single-agent doxorubicin remains the standard treatment in fit patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Maurel
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
| | - Antonio López-Pousa
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
| | - Ramón de las Peñas
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
| | - Joaquín Fra
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
| | - Javier Martín
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
| | - Josefina Cruz
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
| | - Antonio Casado
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
| | - Andrés Poveda
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
| | - Javier Martínez-Trufero
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
| | - Carmen Balañá
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
| | - María Auxiliadora Gómez
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
| | - Ricardo Cubedo
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
| | - Oscar Gallego
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
| | - Belen Rubio-Viqueira
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
| | - Jordi Rubió
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
| | - Raquel Andrés
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
| | - Isabel Sevilla
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
| | - Juan Jose de la Cruz
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
| | - Xavier García del Muro
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
| | - Jose María Buesa
- From the Medical Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; Hospital Provincial Castellón; Hospital Central Asturias; Hospital Universitario Canarias; Hospital Son Dureta, Mallorca; Hospital Clínico Madrid; Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia; Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol,
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14
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Schöffski P, Dumez H, Wolter P, Stefan C, Wozniak A, Jimeno J, Van Oosterom AT. Clinical impact of trabectedin (ecteinascidin-743) in advanced/metastatic soft tissue sarcoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2008; 9:1609-18. [PMID: 18518789 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.9.9.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced or metastatic non-gastrointestinal stromal tumour soft tissue sarcoma (STS) whose disease progresses during or after chemotherapy with doxorubicin or ifosfamide have few options and very limited life expectancy. In this setting, the DNA and transcription interacting agent trabectedin (ecteinascidin-743), isolated originally from the tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata, has encouraging activity and is now approved in the European Union. OBJECTIVE To review evidence for the efficacy of trabectedin in STSs. METHODS This review includes material known to the authors through preclinical and clinical work with trabectedin, and information from relevant papers and abstracts. RESULTS Pooled analysis of Phase II studies suggests that around 50% of STS patients, failing conventional chemotherapy, experienced long lasting tumour control (either objective response or stabilization of disease) when treated with trabectedin. Twenty-nine per cent of patients were alive at 2 years, and median overall survival was 10.3 months. Leiomyosarcomas and liposarcomas appear particularly sensitive to the drug. In myxoid and round-cell liposarcomas trabectedin seems exceptionally active. A link between specific translocations underlying this disease and the drug's mechanism of action is being explored. Trabectedin is also active in synovial, ewing sarcoma and other translocation-related STSs. Trabectedin is not cardio- or neurotoxic. The neutropenia and hepatic toxicity that occur are non-cumulative, reversible, and lessened by steroid premedication. The lack of cumulative toxicities could make trabectedin appropriate for prolonged treatment. CONCLUSION The potential of trabectedin should be further explored in STSs in general and in specific subtypes, both in combination with other cytotoxic agents and with modulators of intracellular signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schöffski
- Catholic University Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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15
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Verma S, Younus J, Stys-Norman D, Haynes AE, Blackstein M. Dose-intensive chemotherapy with growth factor or autologous bone marrow/stem cell transplant support in first-line treatment of advanced or metastatic adult soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer 2008; 112:1197-205. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Kasper B, Dietrich S, Mechtersheimer G, Ho AD, Egerer G. Large institutional experience with dose-intensive chemotherapy and stem cell support in the management of sarcoma patients. Oncology 2008; 73:58-64. [PMID: 18334832 DOI: 10.1159/000120629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with advanced sarcoma remains poor. Whether high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell support improves the long-term outcome for these patients or not is controversial. METHODS We present a large institutional experience of sarcoma patients treated with this therapy option. Thirty-eight patients with bone (n = 17) and soft tissue sarcomas (n = 21) were included. Apart from haematological complications, no WHO grade III-IV complications were observed. One patient died due to cardiac arrest after transplantation. RESULTS Following chemotherapy and/or surgery, but prior to high-dose chemotherapy, diagnoses were made of: no evidence of disease (NED; n = 12), partial remission (n = 17), stable disease (n = 3) and progressive disease (PD; n = 6). Six patients died within 8 months due to PD, in 18 patients disease recurred and led to death and 13 patients are alive with/without disease. Median progression-free survival was 19.1 months (range: 0-121) for all patients, and 48.8 months (range: 3-121) for 12 patients with NED. CONCLUSION A subgroup of patients with NED before high-dose chemotherapy gained survival benefit. Therefore, we emphasize the value of high-dose chemotherapy as a treatment option for younger patients with a good performance status in partial or complete remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Kasper
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Kopp HG, Patel S, Brücher B, Hartmann JT. Potential combination chemotherapy approaches for advanced adult-type soft-tissue sarcoma. Am J Clin Dermatol 2008; 9:207-17. [PMID: 18572972 DOI: 10.2165/00128071-200809040-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) include a spectrum of histologically and clinically different tumors. Patients with these tumors are typically relatively young and the course of disease is characterized by early metastasis as well as limited response to chemotherapy. However, a few subtypes, such as small round-cell tumors and rhabdomyosarcoma (other than pleomorphic), are considered chemotherapy sensitive. In addition, reflecting successful translational research of recent years, gastrointestinal stromal tumor and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans have become model diseases for targeted oncologic therapy. We summarize current treatment options for metastatic STS, including established first-line chemotherapy approaches, mainly with anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide and second-line treatment choices beyond anthracyclines. Until only a few years ago, treatment choices for metastatic STS were easy to review because of the very limited number of active compounds available. However, with the advent of novel therapeutic strategies such as the anti-angiogenic approach and a multitude of novel compounds available both outside and within clinical studies, it has potentially become more difficult to keep track of currently available treatment options for STS and their clinical safety and efficacy. In this practice-oriented article, we therefore review treatment goals in advanced STS and provide an overview of compounds with proven activity in this setting. Anthracyclines with or without ifosfamide are still considered standard of care for most STS subtypes, especially for high-grade tumors. There is no evidence-based recommendation regarding use of second-line treatment options. However, a number of established compounds, including dacarbazine/temozolomide, gemcitabine, taxanes, trofosfamide, DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors, DNA minor groove binders, and bendamustine have shown activity. Recently, trabectedin, a DNA minor groove binder initially isolated from a sea sponge, has proven effective and received European approval for use in treatment-refractory STS. In addition, novel compounds such as bevacizumab, multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, imatinib, and the thrombospondin agonist ABT 510 represent attractive partners for the above-mentioned cytostatic agents, or may even be effective single agents in the clinically advanced setting. Novel combinations are being evaluated in clinical studies. In order to be successful, it may be necessary to combine not only different compounds but also different targets beyond the proliferation machinery of sarcoma cells such as tumor angiogenesis, the tumor stromal compartment, or tumor cell oncogene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Georg Kopp
- Medical Center II, Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology, Immunology, and Pulmonology, South West German Comprehensive Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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18
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de Bruijn DRH, Nap JP, van Kessel AG. The (epi)genetics of human synovial sarcoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2007; 46:107-17. [PMID: 17117414 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human synovial sarcomas are aggressive soft tissue tumors with relatively high rates of recurrences and metastases. They display a variable response to common treatment protocols such as radiation and chemotherapy. For the development of novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches, detailed information on the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of these tumors is of imperative importance. Fusion of the SS18 and (one of the) SSX genes is a molecular hallmark of human synovial sarcomas. The SS18 and SSX genes encode nuclear proteins that exhibit opposite transcription regulatory activities, likely through epigenetic mechanisms. The SS18 protein functions as a transcriptional coactivator and interacts directly with members of the epigenetic chromatin remodeling and modification machineries. In contrast, the SSX proteins function as transcriptional corepressors and are associated with several Polycomb group proteins. Since the domains involved in these apparently opposite transcription regulatory activities are retained in the SS18-SSX fusion proteins, we hypothesize that these fusion proteins function as "activator-repressors" of transcription. The implications of this model for human synovial sarcoma development and future treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diederik R H de Bruijn
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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19
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Schöffski P, Wolter P, Clement P, Sciot R, De Wever I, Wozniak A, Stefan C, Dumez H. Trabectedin (ET-743): evaluation of its use in advanced soft-tissue sarcoma. Future Oncol 2007; 3:381-92. [PMID: 17661712 DOI: 10.2217/14796694.3.4.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trabectedin (ET-743; Yondelis®) is a novel DNA-binding agent, originally derived from the marine tunicate, Ecteinascidia turbinata, and now produced synthetically. The efficacy of trabectedin in patients with advanced soft-tissue sarcoma has been demonstrated in three Phase II studies involving 189 previously treated patients. A pooled analysis of data from these studies showed that trabectedin induced tumor control (objective responses plus disease stabilization) in approximately 50% of patients; median overall survival was 10.3 months and progression-free survival at 6 months was 19.8%, with 29.3% of patients alive at 2 years. Responses were achieved in patients who were resistant to both doxorubicin and ifosfamide. Trabectedin is generally well tolerated, with adverse events being noncumulative, reversible and manageable. Unlike other commonly used cytotoxic agents, trabectedin is not associated with cardiotoxicity or neurotoxicity and alopecia is rare. Trabectedin is an interesting new anticancer agent that offers much promise for the treatment of advanced soft-tissue sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schöffski
- Leuven Cancer Institute, Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Catholic University Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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20
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Hartmann JT. Systemic treatment options for patients with refractory adult-type sarcoma beyond anthracyclines. Anticancer Drugs 2007; 18:245-54. [PMID: 17264755 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3280124e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For the subgroup of patients with inoperable gastrointestinal stromal tumors, progress has been made by the rapid development and approval of the targeted therapy imatinib mesylate. Small round cell sarcoma, such as Ewing/PNET, desmoplastic small round cell sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, are chemotherapy-sensitive and potentially curable malignancies, which are treated with multimodality, dose-intensitive and neoadjuvant protocols regardless of size or overt metastatic disease. A limited number of effective agents available for the treatment of patients with metastatic adult soft-tissue sarcoma exists, which have failed anthracyline and ifosfamide-based chemotherapy. Most other high-grade (grading >I) so-called adult-type soft-tissue sarcomas such as fibro, lipo, pleomorphic and synovial sarcoma are treated with a anthracycline-based regimen with or without ifosfamide as front-line therapy. In this review, the therapeutic activities of drugs currently available as second-line treatment in patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma are summarized, providing an overview of contentious or emerging treatment issues. In relapsed 'adult-type' soft-tissue sarcomas trofosfamide, gemcitabine and ecteinascidin (ET-743) appear to be drugs associated with moderate activity and an acceptable toxicity profile. An interesting finding to be noted is that the different drugs have particular effects in distinct subtypes of soft-tissue sarcoma; however, it has to be taken into account that the number of patients included in those phase II trials are limited. The role of the newer agents (e.g. patupilone derivates, brostallicin) is currently not definable. The so-called selective therapy targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (receptor), epidermal growth factor receptor, c-kit, Raf kinase or platelet-derived growth factor receptor and bcl-2 antisensing, proteasome, protein kinase C/B, and mammalian target of rabamycin inhibition will continue to be tested in gastrointestinal stromal tumors patients refractory to imatinib mesylate as well as in selected sarcoma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg T Hartmann
- Medical Center II, South West German Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany.
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21
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Schlemmer M, Wendtner CM, Falk M, Abdel-Rahman S, Licht T, Baumert J, Straka C, Hentrich M, Salat C, Hiddemann W, Issels RD. Efficacy of Consolidation High-Dose Chemotherapy with Ifosfamide, Carboplatin and Etoposide (HD-ICE) Followed by Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Rescue in Chemosensitive Patients with Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Oncology 2007; 71:32-9. [PMID: 17344669 DOI: 10.1159/000100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 12/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis of patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcomas (MSTS) is poor even after response to doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. We report phase II data of high-dose chemotherapy and peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) rescue in patients with MSTS responding to AI-G chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 1997 to 2002, 55 patients with MSTS were prospectively treated with 4 cycles of AI-G (doxorubicin 75 mg/m(2), ifosfamide 6 g/m(2) with G-CSF support). Responders received 2 further cycles of AI-G with collection of PBSCs. High-dose chemotherapy consisted of ifosfamide 12 g/m(2), carboplatin 1.2 g/m(2) and etoposide 1.2 g/m(2) (HD-ICE) followed by reinfusion of PBSCs. RESULTS Twenty-one of 55 patients (38%) were assessed as responders (3 complete response, 18 partial response). All but 2 patients refusing treatment received high-dose chemotherapy with PBSC rescue leading to grade IV hematologic toxicity without severe infections in all patients. No toxic death occurred. After a median follow-up time of 30 months, the median progression-free time was 12 months and survival time was 22 months for the entire group. By intent-to-treat analysis the probability of 5-year progression-free survival was significantly higher for patients allocated to HD-ICE compared to patients receiving second-line chemotherapy after failure of AI-G (14 vs. 3%; p = 0.003). The estimated 5-year overall survival between the 2 groups was different (27% vs. not reached) but did not reach significance (p = 0.08). CONCLUSION HD-ICE is feasible and promising in patients with chemosensitive MSTS. A randomized phase III trial is warranted to further define the role of HD-ICE as consolidation treatment in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Schlemmer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Grosshadern Medical Center, Munich, Germany.
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22
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Pradhan KR, Johnson CS, Vik TA, Sender LS, Kreissman SG. A novel intensive induction therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma utilizing sequential peripheral blood stem cell collection and infusion as hematopoietic support. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006; 46:793-802. [PMID: 16206215 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility, toxicities, and the response rate (RR) of a dose intensive, submyeloablative, induction chemotherapy protocol termed EPiC (etoposide, carboplatin, and intensive cyclophosphamide) utilizing sequential peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection and infusion as hematopoietic support in children with newly diagnosed Stage 4 neuroblastoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-five children (age >1 year) with Stage 4 neuroblastoma were enrolled. First and third cycles consisted of cyclophosphamide (4 gm/m2) and carboplatin (400 mg/m2). Second and fourth cycles consisted of carboplatin (1 gm/m2), and etoposide (450 mg/m2). PBSC were collected following Cycles 1, 2, and 3 and reinfused in each subsequent cycle. Following EPiC and surgical resection of the primary tumor, patients proceeded to various consolidation therapies. RR was scored using the International Neuroblastoma Response Criteria. RESULTS Using PBSC infusion following EPiC chemotherapy resulted in a dose intensity averaging 85% of intended dose intensity; and in early neutrophil but not platelet recovery. PBSC were adequately collected in all, but one patient. The protocol had minimal non-hematological toxicities. There was one toxic death. The overall RR was 78%, which included PR (partial response) and VGPR (very good partial response). The 5-year event-free survival and overall survival were 44% and 54%, respectively at a median follow-up of 58.6 months. CONCLUSION EPiC is a feasible, well-tolerated, sub-myeloablative, induction chemotherapy protocol for children with high-risk neuroblastoma. RR is equivalent to prior published studies, however, with minimal toxicities. Sequential PBSC collection and infusion is feasible even in very young children.
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23
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Milano A, Apice G, Ferrari E, Fazioli F, de Rosa V, de Luna AS, Iaffaioli RV, Caponigro F. New emerging drugs in soft tissue sarcoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2006; 59:74-84. [PMID: 16533604 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2005.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2005] [Revised: 12/28/2005] [Accepted: 12/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin and ifosfamide are the two most active drugs in the treatment of patients with advanced, soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of most histologic subtypes, aside from gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). However, after failure of these drugs, alone or in combination, patients with advanced STS have few therapeutic options and the search for new active drugs is well worth pursuing. ET-743, a DNA minor groove binder, which blocks cell cycle progression in G2/M phase through a p53-independent apoptotic process, represents the most promising among novel compounds in STS, since recently completed phase II trials have consistently shown high survival, in spite of the relatively low incidence of major objective responses. The potential for combination with other active compounds further increases the appeal of ET-743. Imatinib mesylate is being tested also in STS other than GIST, which can overexpress one or more of the tyrosine kinases inhibited by imatinib; however, negative data have recently been presented. Clinical studies with a number of other compounds are ongoing or planned. However, investigators involved in the management of patients with advanced STS are to be increasingly aware of the emergence of new molecular targets and genetic profiles in different histologic subtypes, according to which treatment strategies should be adapted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Milano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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24
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Nath SV, Prince HM, Choong PFM, Toner GC. Durable remissions are rare following high dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation for adults with "paediatric" bone and soft tissue sarcomas. INTERNATIONAL SEMINARS IN SURGICAL ONCOLOGY : ISSO 2005; 2:12. [PMID: 15927067 PMCID: PMC1164428 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7800-2-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The role of high dose therapy (HDT) with autologous stem cell transplantation (AuSCT) for the treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcomas remains investigational. There are few reports examining this strategy focusing on the adult population. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our experience of adult patients undergoing HDT and AuSCT for 'paediatric' sarcomas. RESULTS: A total of 17 patients (14 male, 3 female) with median age at transplant of 24 years (range 20 - 41) were identified. The diagnosis was Ewings sarcoma/PNET (10), osteosarcoma (5) and rhabdomyosarcoma (2). Status prior to HDT, following conventional-dose chemotherapy +/- surgery +/- radiotherapy, was complete remission (CR) (6), partial remission (PR) (6), stable disease (1) and progressive disease (4). There was no transplant-related mortality. Two patients remain disease free beyond four years and both received HDT as part of their primary therapy (CR1 and PR1) however, the median progression free survival and overall survival following AuSCT for the entire cohort was only 7 months (range: 2-92 months) and 13 months (range: 2 - 92 months), respectively. CONCLUSION: HDT and AuSCT infrequently achieves prolonged remissions in adult patients and should only be considered in patients who are in a PR or CR following conventional-dose therapy. Further studies are required to define the role of HDT with AuSCT for adult patients with sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriram V Nath
- Haematology Service, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - H Miles Prince
- Haematology Service, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter FM Choong
- Sarcoma Service, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Guy C Toner
- Sarcoma Service, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Australia
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Kasper B, Ho AD, Egerer G. Is there an indication for high-dose chemotherapy in the treatment of bone and soft-tissue sarcoma? Oncology 2005; 68:115-21. [PMID: 15886503 DOI: 10.1159/000085704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2004] [Accepted: 09/20/2004] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas represent a rare and heterogeneous disease, and the prognosis of patients with unresectable or advanced metastatic bone and especially soft-tissue sarcomas remains poor, with a disease-free survival of less than 10% at 5 years. Only few chemotherapeutic agents have been identified to be active, with reported response rates for doxorubicin, epirubicin and ifosfamide above 20%. Although combination therapy with different chemotherapeutic substances results in higher response rates, superiority against single-agent chemotherapy in terms of survival has not been demonstrated yet. Regarding anthracyclines, and ifosfamide in particular, a dose-response relationship has been shown, and high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell support has also been evaluated by several investigators. However, all studies comprised small patient cohorts and included very heterogeneous histological subtypes of soft-tissue sarcoma. Moreover, randomized trials are missing. Nevertheless, higher doses of chemotherapy result in higher response rates possibly correlating with longer survival. Finally, well-designed randomized trials should be performed, preferably in younger patients and in the context of an interdisciplinary treatment approach. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature concerning high-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem cell support in the treatment of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. On the basis of our own data, we would like to emphasize the importance of high-dose chemotherapy in the treatment of sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Kasper
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Nieboer P, de Vries EGE, Mulder NH, van der Graaf WTA. Relevance of high-dose chemotherapy in solid tumours. Cancer Treat Rev 2005; 31:210-25. [PMID: 15944050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major problem in the treatment of solid tumours. Based on a steep dose-response relationship for especially alkylating agents on tumour cell survival, high-dose chemotherapy was considered of interest for the treatment of solid tumours. Results of phase 1 and 2 studies with high-dose chemotherapy in a variety of tumour types showed good response rates. Nowadays, several phase 3 studies are available especially in metastatic and high-risk breast cancer patients. The high expectations of high-dose chemotherapy did not come true. This review analyses results of randomised studies and comments on the discrepancy between findings in patients versus those in tissue culture. Potential factors involved are the presence of tumour stem cells with different characteristics from more mature tumour cells, limitations in drug escalation in the clinic, transplant mortality, trial design and tumour cell contamination of the haematopoietic stem cell transplant. Maturation of the results from recent studies indicating a more modest benefit in, e.g., adjuvant breast cancer balanced versus long-term side effects will ultimately determine the role of high-dose chemotherapy in certain solid tumours. In case of well-defined indications for high-dose chemotherapy, further selection of patients based on patient and tumour characteristics as well as the introduction of new agents will most likely play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nieboer
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Kawai A, Umeda T, Wada T, Ihara K, Isu K, Abe S, Ishii T, Sugiura H, Araki N, Ozaki T, Yabe H, Hasegawa T, Tsugane S, Beppu Y. Alternating sequential chemotherapy with high-dose ifosfamide and doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide for adult non-small round cell soft tissue sarcomas. J Orthop Sci 2005; 10:258-63. [PMID: 15928887 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-005-0899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2004] [Accepted: 02/24/2005] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin and ifosfamide are the two most active agents used to treat soft tissue sarcomas. However, because of their overlapping side effects, concurrent administration to achieve optimal doses of each agent is difficult. We therefore conducted a Phase II trial to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of a novel alternating sequential chemotherapy regimen consisting of high dose ifosfamide and doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide in advanced adult non-small round cell soft tissue sarcomas. Adult patients with non-small round cell soft tissue sarcomas were enrolled. The treatment consisted of four sequential courses of chemotherapy that was planned for every 3 weeks. Cycles 1 and 3 consisted of ifosfamide (14 g/m(2)), and cycles 2 and 4 consisted of doxorubicin (60 mg/m(2)) and cyclophosphamide (1200 mg/m(2)). Forty-two patients (median age 47 years) were enrolled. Of the 36 assessable patients, 1 complete response and 16 partial responses were observed, for a response rate of 47.2%. Responses were observed in 57% of patients who had received no previous chemotherapy and 13% of those who had previously undergone chemotherapy. Grade 3-4 neutropenia was observed during 70% of all cycles. Sequential administration of high-dose ifosfamide and doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide has promising activity with manageable side effects in patients with advanced adult non-small round cell soft tissue sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kawai
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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Hartmann JT, Patel S. Recent developments in salvage chemotherapy for patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma. Drugs 2005; 65:167-78. [PMID: 15631540 DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200565020-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The number of effective cytotoxic agents for the treatment of patients with metastatic adult soft tissue sarcoma is limited, especially when patients have failed anthracycline- and ifosfamide-based chemotherapy. For the subgroup of patients with inoperable gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), progress has been made via the rapid development and approval of the targeted therapy imatinib. Small round cell tumours (SRCTs), such as Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumour, desmoplastic SRCT and rhabdomyosarcoma, are chemotherapy-sensitive and potentially curable malignancies, which are treated with multimodality, dose-intensive, neoadjuvant protocols regardless of size or overt metastatic disease. Most other high-grade (grading >I), so-called 'adult type', soft tissue sarcomas such as fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, pleomorphic and synovial sarcomas are treated with an anthracycline-based regimen with or without ifosfamide as front-line therapy. In relapsed 'adult type' soft tissue sarcomas, trofosfamide, gemcitabine and trabectedin (ecteinascidin 743) appear to be drugs associated with some activity and an acceptable toxicity profile. A high activity has been reported for the taxanes, in particular for paclitaxel, in vascular sarcomas located in the scalp or face and in Kaposi's sarcoma. It is interesting to note that the different drugs have particular effects in distinct subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma; however, it should be taken into account that the number of patients included in the phase II trials is limited. The role of the newer agents (e.g. epothilones, brostallicin) is currently undefinable. Targeted therapy inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, RAF kinase, c-KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptors will continue to be tested in GIST patients refractory to imatinib and in other sarcoma histologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Thomas Hartmann
- Medizinische Klinik II and Interdisciplinary Sarcoma Center, Universitätsklinikum, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Gratwohl A, Schmid O, Baldomero H, Horisberger B, Urbano-Ispizua A. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in Europe 2002. Changes in indication and impact of team density. A report of the EBMT activity survey. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 34:855-75. [PMID: 15517006 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This 2002 European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) activity survey concentrates on current status, increase and decrease in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) activity in Europe and investigates the association of transplant rates with team density. In 2002, there were 20 207 HSCT, 6915 allogeneic (34%), 13 292 autologous (66%) and 3947 additional re- or multiple transplants collected from 586 centres in 39 European countries. Main indications were leukaemias (6523 (32%; 76% allogeneic)); lymphomas (10 760 (53%; 92% autologous)); solid tumours (1913 (9%; 92% autologous)) and nonmalignant disorders (874 (4%; 92% allogeneic)). Compared to 2001, there were increases (>10%) for AML, ALL 1st CR, CML not 1st cP, MDS, SAA and CLL in allogeneic HSCT and for MDS, Ewing's sarcoma, soft-tissue sarcoma and ovarian cancer in autologous HSCT. Decreases (>10%) were observed in autologous HSCT for acute leukaemias beyond 1st CR, CML cP, glioma, breast cancer and lung cancer. Correlation of transplant rates (number of transplants per 10 million inhabitants) with team density (number of transplant teams per 10 million inhabitants) suggests different diffusion patterns for autologous compared to allogeneic HSCT. These data describe current practice for blood and marrow transplantation in Europe and give some hints about mechanisms involved in HSCT rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gratwohl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Kantonsspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Gratwohl A, Baldomero H, Demirer T, Rosti G, Dini G, Ladenstein R, Urbano-Ispizua A. Hematopoetic stem cell transplantation for solid tumors in Europe. Ann Oncol 2004; 15:653-60. [PMID: 15033675 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdh142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoetic stem cell transplants (HSCT) are discussed as treatment options for patients with solid tumors. Transplant numbers have changed substantially over the last decade, few controlled studies are available and different opinions prevail. Objective information on current practice is needed. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from 27 902 HSCT for solid tumors (2% allogeneic, 98% autologous), collected by the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) activity survey from 1991 to 2002 were used to assess trends, transplant rates and coefficient of variation of transplant rates in Europe. RESULTS Transplant numbers increased from 536 in 1991 to 4154 in 1997 and decreased to 1913 in 2002. Indications were neuroblastoma (2504 HSCT; 9%), glioma (662 HSCT; 2%), soft tissue sarcoma (1253 HSCT; 4%), germ cell cancer (3291 HSCT; 12%), breast cancer (13 524 HSCT; 48%), Ewing's sarcoma (1896 HSCT; 7%), lung cancer (387 HSCT; 1%), ovarian cancer (845 HSCT; 3%) and other solid tumors (3540 HSCT; 14%). Allogeneic cells were used in <20 cases up to 1997; since then allogeneic HSCT increased to 159 in 2002, mainly for renal cell carcinoma. Low coefficients of variation in transplant rates (<60%) are observed for Ewing's sarcoma (<56.5%), suggesting consensus for this indication. CONCLUSIONS These data give an overview on current practice of HSCT for solid tumors in Europe. They provide objective information for health-care providers and patient counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gratwohl
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Basel, Switzerland.
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Kasper B, Lehnert T, Bernd L, Mechtersheimer G, Goldschmidt H, Ho AD, Egerer G. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 34:37-41. [PMID: 15170176 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The role of high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with PBSCT in the treatment of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas is not established. In total, 27 patients (15 female, median age at TPL 30.6 years (range: 13-59)) were analyzed (Ewing sarcoma family n=8, osteosarcoma n=6, MPNST (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor) n=4, synovial sarcoma n=3, liposarcoma n=2, leiomyosarcoma n=2, rhabdomyosarcoma n=1, meningosarcoma n=1). Following chemotherapy and surgery complete remission (CR) (n=9), partial remission (PR) (n=10), stable disease (SD) (n=2) and progressive disease (PD) (n=6) were reached prior HDCT. Different HDCT conditioning regimens were used. One patient died due to cardiac arrest after HDCT. Except hematologic side effects, no WHO grade III-IV complications were observed. Four patients died within 6 months due to PD, disease recurred in another seven patients and led to death, 15 patients are alive with/without disease. The median progression-free survival (PFS) is 12.0 months (range: 0-58), in nine CR patients median PFS is 25.8 months (range: 3-58). Although the role of HDCT in the treatment of sarcomas is not defined, a subgroup of patients who achieved CR before HDCT could benefit from this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kasper
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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McCune JS, Friedman DL, Schuetze S, Blough D, Magbulos M, Hawkins DS. Influence of age upon Ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004; 42:427-32. [PMID: 15049014 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity is well recognized in children, although it has also been reported in adults. Whether ifosfamide nephrotoxicity is more common in children than in adults is not known. PROCEDURE Medical records of adults and children diagnosed with sarcoma whom received ifosfamide with a cumulative dose >20 g/m(2) were evaluated. Twenty-five children (</=18-years of age) and 28 adults were identified. RESULTS National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria grade 3-4 ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity was present in 24 and 17% of children and adults, respectively (P = 0.58). Cumulative ifosfamide doses were similar between the two populations, with the median (range) of 70.2 g/m(2) (22.4-72) for children and 59 g/m(2) (20.8-146) for adults (P = 0.25). Logistic regression analysis indicated that neither age or cumulative ifosfamide dose were associated with grade 3-4 ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity (P = 0.36). CONCLUSIONS Children and adults receiving >20 g/m(2) of ifosfamide have similar susceptibility to ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity. Factors other than age and cumulative dose should be considered for understanding the inter-individual variation in nephrotoxicity.
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Nielsen OS, Blay JY, Judson IR, van Glabbeke M, Verweij J, van Oosterom AT. Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma in Adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.2165/00024669-200302030-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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van Oosterom AT, Mouridsen HT, Nielsen OS, Dombernowsky P, Krzemieniecki K, Judson I, Svancarova L, Spooner D, Hermans C, Van Glabbeke M, Verweij J. Results of randomised studies of the EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group (STBSG) with two different ifosfamide regimens in first- and second-line chemotherapy in advanced soft tissue sarcoma patients. Eur J Cancer 2002; 38:2397-406. [PMID: 12460784 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of two regimens of ifosfamide in metastatic soft tissue sarcoma patients given as first- and second-line chemotherapy. Two different schedules of ifosfamide were investigated in a randomised manner: Ifosfamide was given either at a dose of 5 g/m(2) over 24 h (5 g/m(2)/1 day), every 3 weeks or at a dose of 3 g/m(2) per day, administered over 4 h on three consecutive days (3 g/m(2)/3 days), every 3 weeks. Both schedules were given as first-line or second-line chemotherapy. A total of 182 patients was entered, 103 in first- and 79 in second-line, of whom 8 patients were ineligible, 5 in the first- and 3 in the second-line study. Most patients had a leiomyosarcoma, 46 of the 98 in the first-line and 34 of the 76 in the second-line. The two study arms were well balanced in both the first- and second-lines with respect to sex, age and performance status. In first-line treatment, 5 g/m(2)/1 day yielded five partial responses (PR) (Response Rate (RR) 10%), versus 12 PR (RR 25%) for the 3 g/m(2)/3 days. As second-line treatment, the 24-h infusion yielded: one CR and one PR (RR 6%) and the 3-day schedule one CR and two PR (RR 8%). Survival did not differ between the two regimens. The major World Health Organization (WHO) grade 3 and 4 toxicities encountered were: leucopenia in 19% of all courses in the first-line and 32% in the second-line with the 5 g/m(2)/1 day, while for the 3 g/m(2)/3 days schedule the rates were 57 and 63% respectively. Grade 3 or 4 infections were seen in 4% of patients treated with 5 g/m(2)/1 day first-line and 10% of patients given 3 g/m(2)/3 days, both as first- and second-lines. No such infections were seen in patients receiving 5 g/m(2)/1 day as second line treatment. In advanced soft-tissue sarcomas in the first-line, ifosfamide 3 g/m(2), given over 4 h on three consecutive days, is an active regimen with acceptable toxicity while the 5 g/m(2) over 24 hours schedule resulted in a disappointing response rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T van Oosterom
- Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Hawkins DS, Felgenhauer J, Park J, Kreissman S, Thomson B, Douglas J, Rowley SD, Gooley T, Sanders JE, Pendergrass TW. Peripheral blood stem cell support reduces the toxicity of intensive chemotherapy for children and adolescents with metastatic sarcomas. Cancer 2002; 95:1354-65. [PMID: 12216105 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.10801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To increase the dose intensity (DI) of chemotherapy for pediatric patients with metastatic sarcomas, including the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the authors tested the feasibility of an intensive regimen supported by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC). METHODS Twenty-three children and adolescents with metastatic sarcomas received vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, sodium mercaptoethanesulfonate (mensa), and etoposide (VACIME) chemotherapy, consisting of 8 courses of vincristine 2 mg/m(2) on Day 0, doxorubicin 37.5 mg/m(2) per day on Days 0-1, cyclophosphamide 360 mg/m(2) per day on Days 0-4, ifosfamide 1800 mg/m(2) per day on Days 0-4, mesna 2400 mg/m(2) per day, and etoposide 100 mg/m(2) per day on Days 0-4. Doxorubicin was omitted in Courses 7 and 8. G-CSF was given after each course of therapy. Courses of therapy were repeated every 21 days or as soon as hematopoietic recovery permitted. PBSC were collected twice: first, after Course 2 (infused after Courses 3 and 4) and, second, after Course 4 (infused after Courses 5 and 6). Surgical resection followed Course 6, and radiotherapy followed Course 8. RESULTS PBSC collections were adequate in 91% of all harvests. The mean DI was 82% (standard deviation, 14%) of the intended DI, which was greater than historic data without PBSC support. Seventeen patients (74%) achieved a complete response (CR), 12 patients with chemotherapy alone and 5 more patients after undergoing surgical resection. Fifteen patients developed progressive disease, with a 2-year event free survival (EFS) rate of 39% (95% confidence interval, 19-59%). Hematopoietic toxicity was severe and cumulative, although it was less than that seen previously without PBSC support. CONCLUSIONS PBSC-supported multicycle chemotherapy is a feasible method to increase chemotherapy DI for pediatric patients with metastatic sarcomas. Although the CR rate compared favorably with previously reported response rates, the 2-year EFS rate was similar to that achieved with other intensive regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Hawkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA.
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Shinozaki T, Watanabe H, Yanagawa T, Shirakura K, Takagishi K. Pirarubicin-based versus doxorubicin-based osteosarcoma chemotherapy. Ann Pharmacother 2002; 36:996-9. [PMID: 12022899 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1a187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a retrospective evaluation of tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (PIR)-based combination chemotherapy for osteosarcomas in comparison with doxorubicin (DOX)-based regimens to determine differences in response and toxicities between DOX- and PIR-containing regimens. METHODS Toxicities and response rates of the 2 anthracyclines given as combination chemotherapy were assessed in patients with osteosarcoma, with 19 patients receiving PIR-based and 11 receiving DOX-based regimens. RESULTS The survival of osteosarcoma patients treated with PIR was significantly better than that with DOX (p = 0.023) based on 2-year follow-up. Adverse effects such as mucositis and diarrhea were also less pronounced in the PIR cohort. CONCLUSIONS PIR-based combination chemotherapy might be a useful and safe chemotherapeutic strategy for osteosarcomas compared with DOX regimens. Further assessment is necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Shinozaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University, Japan.
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Verma S, Bramwell V. Dose-intensive chemotherapy in advanced adult soft tissue sarcoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2002; 2:201-15. [PMID: 12113242 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2.2.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of metastatic soft tissue sarcomas in adults is one of the most challenging areas in oncology. While multidisciplinary management of early-stage, localized disease has led to a number of improved outcomes, therapy of unresectable or advanced disease remains problematic. Virtually every conventional cytotoxic agent has been systematically assessed in this malignancy, yet only a handful have demonstrated significant activity. Adriamycin and ifosfamide are the only chemotherapeutic drugs to have consistently produced response rates of over 20% when given as single agents and these two drugs have been exhaustively studied alone or in combination. Recent efforts to improve response rates and, by inference, disease-free survival and overall survival, have involved exploration of high-dose regimen incorporating growth factors and/or autologous cellular support. In this article, the status of dose-intensive chemotherapy in advanced adult soft tissue sarcomas (excluding pediatric histologies, such as Ewing's sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma) will be discussed. Emphasis will be placed on data from randomized Phase III trials but information from Phase I/II studies will also be reviewed and recommendations will be made on a systematic analysis of the data.
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Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas represent a rare and heterogeneous disease. Only few drugs have been identified to be active, with doxorubicin, epirubicin and ifosfamide being the only agents with response rates above 20%. Combination chemotherapy results in higher response rates, however, superiority against single agent chemotherapy in terms of survival has not been established yet. Since a dose-response relationship is suggested for the anthracyclines and especially ifosfamide, high-dose or dose-intensive chemotherapy with bone marrow or stem cell support has been evaluated by several investigators. The studies are usually small, and included a very heterogeneous group of patients. Randomized trials have not been done, so that definite conclusions cannot be drawn to date. High-dose chemotherapy in soft tissue sarcoma has to be considered highly investigational and should not be performed outside clinical trials. Future studies should be focused on the development of active regimens, resulting in complete remission rates, that can be expected to translate into longer survival. Finally, well designed and appropriately powered randomized trials, using established prognostic and predictive factors, should be carried out, preferably in younger patients and in the context of a potentially curative multimodality approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Reichardt
- Medizinische Klinik m. S. Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Robert-Rössle-Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Charité der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13122, Berlin, Germany.
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De Pas T, Curigliano G, Masci G, Catania C, Comandone A, Boni C, Tucci A, Pagani O, Marrocco E, de Braud F. Phase I study of twelve-day prolonged infusion of high-dose ifosfamide and doxorubicin as first-line chemotherapy in adult patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas. Ann Oncol 2002; 13:161-6. [PMID: 11863099 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdf004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether a prolonged 12-day continuous infusion allows the administration of high-dose ifosfamide (IFO) with an acceptable toxicity profile when combined with full-dose doxorubicin (Adriamycin; ADM) as first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS Escalating doses of continuous infusion IFO (8-15 g/m2) given on days 1 to 12 in combination with ADM 75 mg/m2 given on day 8 and prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support were administered every 4 weeks to 35 chemonaïve patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas. RESULTS The maximum tolerated dose was IFO 15 g/m2. Hematological toxicity was the main dose-limiting toxicity and was dose dependent. Furthermore, thrombocytopenia was cumulative. Grade 4 (WHO) neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were recorded in 48% and 14% of courses, respectively. Eight patients experienced febrile neutropenia. A partial response was observed in 16 out of 30 assessable patients [53%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 25-63]; median time to progression was 25 weeks (range 4-91). CONCLUSIONS This study proved that a prolonged 12-day continuous infusion allows an increase in the total IFO dose that can be safely combined with ADM. A multicentric phase II study by the Italian Sarcoma Group to assess its antitumor activity is currently ongoing in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T De Pas
- Division of Medical Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
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Köstler WJ, Brodowicz T, Attems Y, Hejna M, Tomek S, Amann G, Fiebiger WC, Wiltschke CH, Krainer M, Zielinski CC. Docetaxel as rescue medication in anthracycline- and ifosfamide-resistant locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma: results of a phase II trial. Ann Oncol 2001; 12:1281-8. [PMID: 11697841 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012272007146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic soft tissue sarcoma not amenable to curative surgery has a dismal prognosis. Aggressive treatment with anthracyclines and ifosfamide represents the current therapeutic mainstay in these patients, most of whom succumb to relapses. Thus, the efficacy of subsequent therapeutic approaches has to be weighed against toxicity caused by palliative treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma refractory to treatment with anthracyclines and ifosfamide were enrolled into the present phase II study. Patients were assigned to receive docetaxel at 100 mg/m2 every three weeks. In case of severe toxicity, patients were switched to a weekly schedule of docetaxel (40 mg/m2). RESULTS A total of 106 cycles (80% at the scheduled 100 mg/m2 dose level) were administered in 27 patients. Partial response was observed in 4 (15%) patients and 4 (15%) patients experienced disease stabilization. Median progression free survival and overall survival were 2.4 (range: 0.9-23.9) and 7.7 (range: 1.0-44.3) months, respectively. Upon renewed progression, three patients initially responsive to treatment with docetaxel were successfully reinduced by treatment with docetaxel. The safety profile of docetaxel was tolerable and the administration mostly manageable on an outpatient basis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that docetaxel represents an efficacious and tolerable treatment in a minority of patients refractory to standard treatment. There is a need for better identification of patients most likely to benefit from salvage treatment with docetaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Köstler
- Clinical Division of Oncology, University Hospital, Vienna, Austria
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41
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Strother D, Ashley D, Kellie SJ, Patel A, Jones-Wallace D, Thompson S, Heideman R, Benaim E, Krance R, Bowman L, Gajjar A. Feasibility of four consecutive high-dose chemotherapy cycles with stem-cell rescue for patients with newly diagnosed medulloblastoma or supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor after craniospinal radiotherapy: results of a collaborative study. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:2696-704. [PMID: 11352962 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2001.19.10.2696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to determine the feasibility and safety of delivering four consecutive cycles of high-dose cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and vincristine, each followed by stem-cell rescue, every 4 weeks, after completion of risk-adapted craniospinal irradiation to children with newly diagnosed medulloblastoma or supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-three patients, 19 with high-risk disease and 34 with average-risk disease, were enrolled onto this study. After surgical resection, high-risk patients were treated with topotecan in a 6-week phase II window followed by craniospinal radiation therapy and four cycles of high-dose cyclophosphamide (4,000 mg/m2 per cycle), with cisplatin (75 mg/m2 per cycle), and vincristine (two 1.5-mg/m2 doses per cycle). Support with peripheral blood stem cells or bone marrow and with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was administered after each cycle of high-dose chemotherapy. Treatment of average-risk patients consisted of surgical resection and craniospinal irradiation, followed by the same chemotherapy given to patients with high-risk disease. The expected duration of the chemotherapy was 16 weeks, with a cumulative cyclophosphamide dose of 16,000 mg/m2 and a planned dose-intensity of 1,000 mg/m2/wk. RESULTS Fifty of the 53 patients commenced high-dose chemotherapy, and 49 patients completed all four cycles. The median length of chemotherapy cycles one through four was 28, 27, 29, and 28 days, respectively. Engraftment occurred at a median of 14 to 15 days after infusion of stem cells or autologous bone marrow. The intended dose-intensity of cyclophosphamide was 1,000 mg/m2/wk; the median delivered dose-intensity was 1,014, 1,023, 974, and 991 mg/m2/wk for cycles 1 through 4, respectively; associated median relative dose-intensity was 101%, 102%, 97%, and 99%. No deaths were attributable to the toxic effects of high-dose chemotherapy. Early outcome analysis indicates a 2-year progression-free survival of 93.6% +/- 4.7% for the average-risk patients. For the high-risk patients, the 2-year progression-free survival is 73.7% +/- 10.5% from the start of therapy and 84.2% +/- 8.6% from the start of radiation therapy. CONCLUSION Administering four consecutive cycles of high-dose chemotherapy with stem-cell support after surgical resection and craniospinal irradiation is feasible in newly diagnosed patients with medulloblastoma/supratentorial PNET with aggressive supportive care. The early outcome results of this approach are very encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Strother
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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42
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Blay JY, Bouhour D, Ray-Coquard I, Dumontet C, Philip T, Biron P. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for advanced soft tissue sarcoma in adults. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18:3643-50. [PMID: 11054437 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2000.18.21.3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with metastatic or locally advanced, unresectable soft tissue sarcoma (ASTS) are seldom curable, with 5-year survival rates of less than 10% in all large series. The role of high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with hematopoietic stem-cell support in this disease is not established. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1988 and 1994, 30 patients with ASTS who responded to a standard chemotherapy regimen were included in a prospective pilot study of HDCT as consolidation therapy using ifosfamide (12 g/m(2)), etoposide (800 mg/m(2)), and cisplatin (200 mg/m(2)) (VIC). RESULTS The median duration of grade 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia was 14 and 10 days, respectively. Nineteen patients (63%) experienced grade 1 or higher renal toxicity. All eight patients in complete remission (CR) before HDCT were still in CR at day 60. Of the 22 patients in partial remission (PR) or with a minor response to conventional chemotherapy, CR, PR, and stable disease were achieved in four (18%), three (13%), and 12 patients (54%), respectively, by day 60, while three patients (14%) progressed. With a median follow-up of 94 months, overall and progression-free survival rates at 5 years after HDCT were 23% and 21%, respectively. Patients in CR before HDCT had a significantly superior 5-year overall survival rate compared with other patients (75% v 5%; P: =.001). CONCLUSION Despite the toxicity of the VIC regimen, a high survival rate was observed in HDCT-treated patients who were in CR after conventional chemotherapy. A phase III randomized trial is required to establish the role of HDCT in ASTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Blay
- Centre Léon Bérard and Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
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43
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Veldwijk MR, Schiedlmeier B, Kleinschmidt JA, Zeller WJ, Fruehauf S. Superior gene transfer into solid tumour cells than into human mobilised peripheral blood progenitor cells using helpervirus-free adeno-associated viral vector stocks. Eur J Cancer 1999; 35:1136-42. [PMID: 10533460 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(99)00075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) grafts can be contaminated with tumour cells that potentially give rise to relapse following myeloablative therapy and PBPC transplantation. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors produced by a new adenovirus-free technique are a gene delivery system which may be applicable for tumour cell purging. To test for the host range of these vectors, solid tumours of clinical relevance and normal CD34+ PBPC were selected as target cells for an AAV-vector, encoding the green-fluorescent protein (GFP) as the indicator gene. At a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100: 79.94% +/- 14.36% (mean +/- SEM) of the connective tissue sarcoma cell line (HS-1) and 64.84% +/- 6.91% of the cervical carcinoma cell line cells (HeLa-RC) expressed GFP while the other cell lines tested (1 ovarian tumour, 1 germ cell tumour, 1 osteosarcoma, 2 small cell lung cancer) ranged between 2.82% and 11.94%. Optimising the transduction protocol by use of higher MOIs of up to 500 and by pretreatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, resulted in up to 95.97% and 94.10% green-fluorescent HS-1 and HeLa-RC cells, respectively. In contrast, only 1.39% +/- 0.51% of the normal haematopoietic CD34+ progenitor cells expressed GFP at a MOI of 100. The differential infectivity between HS-1 and CD34+ cells was maintained after tumour cell spiking in leucapheresis products. Our observations suggest that AAV-based vectors may prove useful for purging of autologous PBPC grafts from solid tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Veldwijk
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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44
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Santoro A. Advanced soft tissue sarcoma: how many more trials with anthracyclines and ifosfamide? Ann Oncol 1999; 10:151-4. [PMID: 10093682 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008311913200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Santoro
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.
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De Pas T, De Braud F, Orlando L, Nolè F, Munzone E, Zampino MG, Fazio N, Aapro MS, Goldhirsch A. High-dose ifosfamide plus adriamycin in the treatment of adult advanced soft tissue sarcomas: is it feasible? Ann Oncol 1998; 9:917-9. [PMID: 9789617 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008311901856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adriamycin (ADM) and ifosfamide (IFO) are the two most active agents in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) with a clear dose-response relationship. We evaluated the feasibility and toxicity of a high-dose IFO-plus-ADM combination. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fourteen patients with advanced disease and nine patients in adjuvant setting received IFO 12.5 g/m2 in 120-hour continuous infusion with Mesna uroprotection and ADM 20 mg/m2 on days 1-3 and G-CSF every three weeks. RESULTS Twenty-three patients received 89 chemotherapy cycles (70 cycles at full dose). Seventeen patients received the planned treatment, and nine patients required dose reductions. We observed grade 3-4 neutropenia in 52 cycles (59%)/20 patients; grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia in 16 cycles (18%)/nine patients; grade 3-4 anaemia in 24 cycles (27%)/11 patients. Eight patients experienced febrile neutropenia and six patients required blood transfusions. CONCLUSIONS While feasible, this regimen showed heavy toxicity. Nevertheless, 74% of the patients were able to complete the planned treatment. Adjustment of the schedule of IFO continuous infusion to improve this combination is currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T De Pas
- Department of Medical Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
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Buesa JM, Fra J, Antón A, López-Pousa A, Martín J, García del Muro J, Escudero P, Casado A, Poveda A. Activity of doxorubicin after high-dose ifosfamide in adult patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma: a study of the Spanish Group for Research on Sarcomas (GEIS). Ann Oncol 1998; 9:783-5. [PMID: 9739447 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008243427528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J M Buesa
- Hospital Central de Asturias, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Oviedo, Spain
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