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Noujaim J, Thway K, Bajwa Z, Bajwa A, Maki RG, Jones RL, Keller C. Epithelioid Sarcoma: Opportunities for Biology-Driven Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2015; 5:186. [PMID: 26347853 PMCID: PMC4538302 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a soft tissue sarcoma of children and young adults for which the preferred treatment for localized disease is wide surgical resection. Medical management is to a great extent undefined, and therefore for patients with regional and distal metastases, the development of targeted therapies is greatly desired. In this review, we will summarize clinically relevant biomarkers (e.g., SMARCB1, CA125, dysadherin, and others) with respect to targeted therapeutic opportunities. We will also examine the role of EGFR, mTOR, and polykinase inhibitors (e.g., sunitinib) in the management of local and disseminated disease. Toward building a consortium of pharmaceutical, academic, and non-profit collaborators, we will discuss the state of resources for investigating ES with respect to cell line resources, tissue banks, and registries so that a roadmap can be developed toward effective biology-driven therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zia Bajwa
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Ayeza Bajwa
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Robert G Maki
- Adult and Paediatric Sarcoma Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York, NY , USA
| | | | - Charles Keller
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute , Fort Collins, CO , USA
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Heikaus S, Matuszek KS, Suschek CV, Ramp U, Reinecke P, Grinstein E, Haremza J, Gabbert HE, Mahotka C. Paclitaxel (Taxol®)-induced apoptosis in human epithelioid sarcoma cell lines is enhanced by upregulation of CD95 ligand (FasL/Apo-1L). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007; 134:689-95. [PMID: 18074150 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-007-0340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shi Q, Vaillancourt F, Côté V, Fahmi H, Lavigne P, Afif H, Di Battista JA, Fernandes JC, Benderdour M. Alterations of metabolic activity in human osteoarthritic osteoblasts by lipid peroxidation end product 4-hydroxynonenal. Arthritis Res Ther 2007; 8:R159. [PMID: 17042956 PMCID: PMC1794501 DOI: 10.1186/ar2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE), a lipid peroxidation end product, is produced abundantly in osteoarthritic (OA) articular tissues, but its role in bone metabolism is ill-defined. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that alterations in OA osteoblast metabolism are attributed, in part, to increased levels of HNE. Our data showed that HNE/protein adduct levels were higher in OA osteoblasts compared to normal and when OA osteoblasts were treated with H2O2. Investigating osteoblast markers, we found that HNE increased osteocalcin and type I collagen synthesis but inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity. We next examined the effects of HNE on the signaling pathways controlling cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in view of their putative role in OA pathophysiology. HNE dose-dependently decreased basal and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced IL-6 expression while inducing COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release. In a similar pattern, HNE induces changes in osteoblast markers as well as PGE2 and IL-6 release in normal osteoblasts. Upon examination of signaling pathways involved in PGE2 and IL-6 production, we found that HNE-induced PGE2 release was abrogated by SB202190, a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor. Overexpression of p38 MAPK enhanced HNE-induced PGE2 release. In this connection, HNE markedly increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK2, and transcription factors (CREB-1, ATF-2) with a concomitant increase in the DNA-binding activity of CRE/ATF. Transfection experiments with a human COX-2 promoter construct revealed that the CRE element (-58/-53 bp) was essential for HNE-induced COX-2 promoter activity. However, HNE inhibited the phosphorylation of IκBα and subsequently the DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-κB. Overexpression of IKKα increased TNF-α-induced IL-6 production. This induction was inhibited when TNF-α was combined with HNE. These findings suggest that HNE may exert multiple effects on human OA osteoblasts by selective activation of signal transduction pathways and alteration of osteoblastic phenotype expression and pro-inflammatory mediator production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shi
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Sacre-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, 5400 Gouin West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4J 1C5
| | - France Vaillancourt
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Sacre-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, 5400 Gouin West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4J 1C5
| | - Véronique Côté
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Sacre-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, 5400 Gouin West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4J 1C5
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Sacre-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, 5400 Gouin West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4J 1C5
| | - Patrick Lavigne
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Sacre-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, 5400 Gouin West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4J 1C5
| | - Hassan Afif
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Sacre-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, 5400 Gouin West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4J 1C5
| | - John A Di Battista
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Sacre-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, 5400 Gouin West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4J 1C5
| | - Julio C Fernandes
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Sacre-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, 5400 Gouin West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4J 1C5
| | - Mohamed Benderdour
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Sacre-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, 5400 Gouin West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4J 1C5
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Mimori K, Sadanaga N, Yoshikawa Y, Ishikawa K, Hashimoto M, Tanaka F, Sasaki A, Inoue H, Sugimachi K, Mori M. Reduced tau expression in gastric cancer can identify candidates for successful Paclitaxel treatment. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:1894-7. [PMID: 16721363 PMCID: PMC2361361 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study disclosed that breast cancer cases with low ‘tau’ expression can predict susceptibility to Paclitaxel administration. In the current study, the clinical significance of tau expression in gastric cancer cases was established by identifying candidates with Paclitaxel administration. Tissue specimens from 20 cases of in-operable or noncuratively resected gastric cancer were examined. Subsequent to the administration of 80 mg m−2 of Paclitaxel in six 3-h intravenous infusions, the clinical effectiveness of Paclitaxel was evaluated by the size of metastatic lesions with computed tomography. The status of the tau expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Based on a previously reported classification scheme, six were classified as tau-negative expression (0, 1+) cases and 14 were classified as tau-positive expression (2+, 3+) cases. All six (100%) cases of tau-negative expression showed a favourable response (partial response or minor response) to Paclitaxel administration. However, 12 (86%) of the 14 cases of tau-positive expression showed progressive disease (n=11) or no change (n=1) after Paclitaxel administration. The serum carcinoembryonic antigen values of the six cases of tau-negative expression were markedly decreased in comparison to the 14 tau-positive cases. These data indicate that tau-negative expression can be used to select gastric cancer patients, which will favourably respond to Paclitaxel treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Hospital at Beppu, Japan.
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Abstract
The function and properties of heterologously expressed full-length cDNA clones, isolated from a Taxus cDNA library and specific to Taxol biosynthesis, are summarized. Recombinant enzymes are described that catalyze early steps of the pathway, including taxadiene synthase, taxadien-5alpha-ol-O-acetyltransferase and taxadien-5alpha-yl acetate 10beta-hydroxylase, and that catalyze late steps, including 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10beta-O-acetyltransferase and taxane 2alpha-O-benzoyltransferase. The properties of Taxus geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase are also described; although this synthase does not mediate a committed step of Taxol biosynthesis, it does provide the universal plastidial diterpenoid precursor, geranylgeranyl diphosphate, for initiating Taxol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Walker
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA.
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Gerharz CD, Ramp U, Reinecke P, Schardt C, Friebe U, Déjosez M, Nitsch T, Gabbert HE. Analysis of growth factor-dependent signalling in human epithelioid sarcoma cell lines. clues To the role of autocrine, juxtacrine and paracrine interactions in epithelioid sarcoma. Eur J Cancer 2000; 36:1171-9. [PMID: 10854951 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(00)00053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is an extremely aggressive soft tissue tumour of unknown histogenesis. Although growth factor-dependent signalling cascades significantly affect the biological behaviour of malignant tumours, little is known so far about their role in human ES. The present investigation, therefore, analyses the coexpression and function of different growth factors and their receptors in the human ES cell line GRU-1 and its clonal subpopulations (GRU-1A, GRU-1B and GRU-1C). As shown by Northern blot, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry and MTT assay, all ES cell lines expressed transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R). Although no response to exogenous TGF-alpha was observed, antagonistic anti-EGF-R antibodies (at 20 microg/ml) induced significant (P<0.05) growth inhibition in all cell lines. All cell lines showed coexpression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A and the corresponding receptors. Neutralisation of ES-derived PDGF by anti-hPDGF antibodies resulted in significant (P<0.05) growth inhibition of all clonal subpopulations. Although all cell lines expressed TGF-beta(1) as well as TGF-beta type I and type II receptors (TGF-BI-R and TGF-BII-R), growth inhibition (P<0.05) by exogenous TGF-beta(1) was achieved in the clonal subpopulations only and not in the parental cell line. No ES cell line expressed acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) but stimulation of FGF type 3 and type 4 receptors (FGF-3R and FGF-4R) by exogenous acidic FGF (aFGF) resulted in a marked (P<0.05) acceleration of proliferation in all cell lines. In conclusion, our investigation suggests an intricate network of autocrine, juxtacrine and paracrine signalling between ES tumour cells and adjacent non-neoplastic stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Gerharz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, D]usseldorf, Germany
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