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Galler KM, Weber M, Korkmaz Y, Widbiller M, Feuerer M. Inflammatory Response Mechanisms of the Dentine-Pulp Complex and the Periapical Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031480. [PMID: 33540711 PMCID: PMC7867227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the oral cavity is complex and unique in the human body. Soft-tissue structures are in close interaction with mineralized bone, but also dentine, cementum and enamel of our teeth. These are exposed to intense mechanical and chemical stress as well as to dense microbiologic colonization. Teeth are susceptible to damage, most commonly to caries, where microorganisms from the oral cavity degrade the mineralized tissues of enamel and dentine and invade the soft connective tissue at the core, the dental pulp. However, the pulp is well-equipped to sense and fend off bacteria and their products and mounts various and intricate defense mechanisms. The front rank is formed by a layer of odontoblasts, which line the pulp chamber towards the dentine. These highly specialized cells not only form mineralized tissue but exert important functions as barrier cells. They recognize pathogens early in the process, secrete antibacterial compounds and neutralize bacterial toxins, initiate the immune response and alert other key players of the host defense. As bacteria get closer to the pulp, additional cell types of the pulp, including fibroblasts, stem and immune cells, but also vascular and neuronal networks, contribute with a variety of distinct defense mechanisms, and inflammatory response mechanisms are critical for tissue homeostasis. Still, without therapeutic intervention, a deep carious lesion may lead to tissue necrosis, which allows bacteria to populate the root canal system and invade the periradicular bone via the apical foramen at the root tip. The periodontal tissues and alveolar bone react to the insult with an inflammatory response, most commonly by the formation of an apical granuloma. Healing can occur after pathogen removal, which is achieved by disinfection and obturation of the pulp space by root canal treatment. This review highlights the various mechanisms of pathogen recognition and defense of dental pulp cells and periradicular tissues, explains the different cell types involved in the immune response and discusses the mechanisms of healing and repair, pointing out the close links between inflammation and regeneration as well as between inflammation and potential malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin M. Galler
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93093 Regensburg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Manuel Weber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Yüksel Korkmaz
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Matthias Widbiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93093 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Department for Immunology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Elsalawy R, Ibrahim N, Gadalla M, Albargasy H, Zahra N, Mokhtar S, El Nahhas N, El Kaliouby Y, Dörfer CE. The Dental Pulp Stem/Progenitor Cells-Mediated Inflammatory-Regenerative Axis. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 25:445-460. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Nehal Zahra
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Christof E. Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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Tuftelin Is Required for NGF-Induced Differentiation of PC12 Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:135-143. [PMID: 30903486 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes pleiotropic gene transcription-dependent biological effects, in neuronal and non-neuronal cells, including survival, proliferation, differentiation, neuroprotection, pain, and angiogenesis. It is hypothesized that during odontogenesis, NGF may be implicated in morphogenetic and mineralization events by affecting proliferation and/or differentiation of dental cells. Tuftelin belongs to the enamel associated teeth proteins and is thought to play a role in enamel mineralization. We previously reported that tuftelin transcript and protein, which are ubiquitously expressed in various tissues of embryos, adults, and tumors, were significantly upregulated during NGF-induced PC12 differentiation. To further confirm the involvement of tuftelin in the differentiation process, we established a tuftelin-knockdown neuronal PC12 cell model, using a non-cytotoxic siRNA directed towards sequences at the 3' UTR of the tuftelin gene. Using real-time PCR, we quantified tuftelin mRNA expression and found that tuftelin siRNA, but not scrambled siRNA or transfection reagents, efficiently depleted about 60% of NGF-induced tuftelin mRNA transcripts. The effect of tuftelin siRNA was quantified up to 6 days of NGF-induced differentiation. Using immunofluorescence and western blot analyses, we also found a direct correlation between reduction of 60-80% in tuftelin protein expression and inhibition of about 50-70% in NGF-induced differentiation of the cells, as was detected after 3-6 days of treatment. These results demonstrate an important role for tuftelin in NGF-induced differentiation of PC12 cells. Tuftelin could be a useful target for drug development in disease where neurotrophin therapy is required.
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Austah O, Widbiller M, Tomson PL, Diogenes A. Expression of Neurotrophic Factors in Human Dentin and Their Regulation of Trigeminal Neurite Outgrowth. J Endod 2019; 45:414-419. [PMID: 30771898 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurotrophic factors play a significant role in the innervation of the pulp-dentin complex during and after organogenesis. There have been numerous bioactive molecules identified in the dentin extracellular matrix; however, the expression of neurotrophic factors in the dentin matrix and their biological activity are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relative expression of neurotrophic factors in human dentin matrix proteins (DMPs) and their effect on neurite outgrowth of trigeminal (TG) neurons. METHODS Dentin was powdered in liquid nitrogen from noncarious human third molar teeth. DMPs were solubilized through an EDTA extraction method, dialyzed, and lyophilized until use. The relative expression of nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin 3, and neurotrophin 4/5 was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Rat TG neurons were cultured and exposed to different concentrations of DMPs (1-105 ng/mL) or vehicle, and a quantitative neurite outgrowth assay was performed. RESULTS Human DMPs contained all of the tested neurotrophic factors, with glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 4/5 found at the highest levels. DMPs were able to promote the neurite outgrowth of rat TG neurons at an optimum concentration of 10-102 ng/mL, whereas the effect was partially inhibited at higher concentrations (>103 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS The human dentin extracellular matrix is a rich reservoir for neurotrophic factors that are key components for neuronal homeostasis, differentiation, and regeneration. These data suggest that neurotrophins in DMPs could play an important role as signaling molecules for the innervation of the pulp-dentin complex during the processes of tooth formation, repair, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obadah Austah
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthias Widbiller
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Phillip L Tomson
- Department of Oral Biology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The University of Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anibal Diogenes
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
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da Rosa WLO, Piva E, da Silva AF. Disclosing the physiology of pulp tissue for vital pulp therapy. Int Endod J 2018; 51:829-846. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. L. O. da Rosa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
| | - E. Piva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
| | - A. F. da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
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Altassan R, Saud HA, Masoodi TA, Dosssari HA, Khalifa O, Al-Zaidan H, Sakati N, Rhabeeni Z, Al-Hassnan Z, Binamer Y, Alhashemi N, Wade W, Al-Zayed Z, Al-Sayed M, Al-Muhaizea MA, Meyer B, Al-Owain M, Wakil SM. Exome sequencing identifies novel NTRK1 mutations in patients with HSAN-IV phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1009-1016. [PMID: 28328124 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy type IV (HSAN-IV) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that usually begins in infancy and is characterized by anhidrosis, insensitivity to noxious stimuli leading to self-mutilating behavior, and intellectual disability. HSAN-IV is caused by mutations in the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 gene, NTRK1, encoding the high-affinity receptor of nerve growth factor (NGF) which maps to chromosome 1q21-q22. Patients with HSAN-IV lack all NGF-dependent neurons, the primary afferents and sympathetic postganglionic neurons leading to lack of pain sensation and the presence of anhidrosis, respectively. Herein, we report nine patients from nine unrelated families with HSAN-IV due to various mutations in NTRK1, five of which are novel. These are three missense and two nonsense mutations distributed in various domains of NTRK1 involved in binding of NGF. The affected patients had variable intellectual deficits, and some had delayed diagnosis of HSAN-IV. In addition to being the first report of HSAN-IV from the Arabian Peninsula, this report expands the mutational spectrum of patients with NTRK1 mutations and provides further insights for molecular and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiah Altassan
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Center Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya Al Saud
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Ahmad Masoodi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya Al Dosssari
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ola Khalifa
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Center Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamad Al-Zaidan
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Center Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Sakati
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Center Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair Rhabeeni
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Center Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair Al-Hassnan
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Center Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Binamer
- College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Specialist
| | | | - William Wade
- Department of Orthopedics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zayed Al-Zayed
- Department of Orthopedics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moeen Al-Sayed
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Center Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Al-Muhaizea
- Department of Neurology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian Meyer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Al-Owain
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Center Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma M Wakil
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Nomura R, Shimizu T, Asada Y, Hirukawa S, Maeda T. Genetic Mapping of the Absence of Third Molars in EL Mice to Chromosome 3. J Dent Res 2016; 82:786-90. [PMID: 14514757 DOI: 10.1177/154405910308201005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We noted the absence of all 4 third molars (M3) in Epilepsy-Like disorder (EL) mice, an animal model for the study of epilepsy. This study was conducted to identify the major candidate chromosome and to detect the region that included the candidate gene causing the absence of M3 in EL mice. Linkage analysis was performed on genetic crosses of EL mice and MSM ( Mus musculus molossinus) strain mice, which had a normal complement of teeth. Genome-wide screening by individual genotyping of F2intercross mice identified mouse chromosome 3 as one of the candidate chromosomes. Based on high linkage scores in detailed genotyping of F2intercross and N2backcross mice, the candidate locus for the absence of M3 in EL mice was mapped on the middle of chromosome 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan.
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9
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Guven Y, Altunoglu U, Aktoren O, Uyguner ZO, Kayserili H, Kaewkahya M, Kantaputra PN. Twins with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV with preserved periodontal sensation. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:240-6. [PMID: 24631696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Turkish twin brothers affected with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV (HSAN IV) are reported. Their clinical findings were generally typical for HSAN IV. Interestingly they both had preserved periodontal sensation. Mutation analysis of the NTRK1 gene showed a homozygous c.2001C>T substitution in exon 15 in both twins. This base substitution is predicted to change a polar, positively charged amino acid arginine to the highly active amino acid cystein at position 654 (p.Arg654Cys). The parents were heterozygous for the mutation. This mutation has been reported previously in one Japanese and one Arab patients. The preserved periodontal sensation has not previously been reported in patients affected with HSAN IV. This preserved sensation in our patients might have been through Ruffini endings, the periodontal mechanoreceptors which have been reported to be present in TrkA knockout mice. Here we report the first twins affected with HSAN IV and the observation that periodontal sensation is not affected by mutation in NTRK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Guven
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Aktoren
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Oya Uyguner
- Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hulya Kayserili
- Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Massupa Kaewkahya
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Thailand; Craniofacial Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Piranit Nik Kantaputra
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Thailand; Craniofacial Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; DENTALAND CLINIC, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Cooper PR, Smith AJ. Molecular mediators of pulp inflammation and regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Gao L, Guo H, Ye N, Bai Y, Liu X, Yu P, Xue Y, Ma S, Wei K, Jin Y, Wen L, Xuan K. Oral and craniofacial manifestations and two novel missense mutations of the NTRK1 gene identified in the patient with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66863. [PMID: 23799134 PMCID: PMC3682965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a rare inherited disorder of the peripheral nervous system resulting from mutations in neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 1 gene (NTRK1), which encodes the high-affinity nerve growth factor receptor TRKA. Here, we investigated the oral and craniofacial manifestations of a Chinese patient affected by autosomal-recessive CIPA and identified compound heterozygosity in the NTRK1 gene. The affected boy has multisystemic disorder with lack of reaction to pain stimuli accompanied by self-mutilation behavior, the inability to sweat leading to defective thermoregulation, and mental retardation. Oral and craniofacial manifestations included a large number of missing teeth, nasal malformation, submucous cleft palate, severe soft tissue injuries, dental caries and malocclusion. Histopathological evaluation of the skin sample revealed severe peripheral nerve fiber loss as well as mild loss and absent innervation of sweat glands. Ultrastructural and morphometric studies of a shed tooth revealed dental abnormalities, including hypomineralization, dentin hypoplasia, cementogenesis defects and a dysplastic periodontal ligament. Genetic analysis revealed a compound heterozygosity- c.1561T>C and c.2057G>A in the NTRK1 gene. This report extends the spectrum of NTRK1 mutations observed in patients diagnosed with CIPA and provides additional insight for clinical and molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Ye
- Department of Dentistry, Hospital of PLA 309, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudi Bai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xue
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Ma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewen Wei
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YJ); (LYW); (KX)
| | - Lingying Wen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YJ); (LYW); (KX)
| | - Kun Xuan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YJ); (LYW); (KX)
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Dentine as a bioactive extracellular matrix. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:109-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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13
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Leiser Y, Silverstein N, Blumenfeld A, Shilo D, Haze A, Rosenfeld E, Shay B, Tabakman R, Lecht S, Lazarovici P, Deutsch D. The induction of tuftelin expression in PC12 cell line during hypoxia and NGF-induced differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2010; 226:165-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Arany S, Koyota S, Sugiyama T. Nerve growth factor promotes differentiation of odontoblast-like cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:539-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abe K, Miyoshi K, Muto T, Ruspita I, Horiguchi T, Nagata T, Noma T. Establishment and characterization of rat dental epithelial derived ameloblast-lineage clones. J Biosci Bioeng 2007; 103:479-85. [PMID: 17609165 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.103.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Teeth are the hardest tissues covered with enamel produced by ameloblasts. The ameloblast differentiation is controlled by sequential epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during tooth morphogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism of ameloblast differentiation remains unclear. To address this question, we developed an in vitro assay system to evaluate the molecular mechanism of amelogenesis. First, we established dental epithelium-derived clones from 6-day-old rat incisors and established that cells of the clone SRE-G5 were the largest producers of amelogenin mRNA. Next, we analyzed the effects of several chemicals on the amelogenin expression in SRE-G5 cells. Only mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activators enhanced amelogenin mRNA expression. This finding corresponded to the immunohistochemical data showing the presence of phosphorylated forms of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) during ameloblast differentiation. To examine the roles of MAPK signals, we compared the effects of anisomycin and sodium salicylate on the expression of tooth-related differentiation markers. Both anisomycin and sodium salicylate induced amelogenin, Abcg2, and Bmp4 mRNA and down-regulated p75NGFR mRNA. On the other hand, ALP, ectodin, Bmp2 and Fgf8 mRNA were up-regulated only by anisomycin. These results indicate that MAPK signaling functions, at least in part, as the inducer of ameloblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Abe
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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17
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Song Y, Zhang Z, Yu X, Yan M, Zhang X, Gu S, Stuart T, Liu C, Reiser J, Zhang Y, Chen Y. Application of lentivirus-mediated RNAi in studying gene function in mammalian tooth development. Dev Dyn 2006; 235:1334-44. [PMID: 16628661 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has recently become a powerful tool to silence gene expression in mammalian cells, but its application in assessing gene function in mammalian developing organs remains highly limited. Here we describe several unique developmental properties of the mouse molar germ. Embryonic molar mesenchyme, but not the incisor mesenchyme, once dissociated into single cell suspension and re-aggregated, retains its odontogenic potential, the capability of a tissue to instruct an adjacent tissue to initiate tooth formation. Dissociated molar mesenchymal cells, even after being plated in cell culture, retain odontogenic competence, the capability of a tissue to respond to odontogenic signals and to support tooth formation. Most interestingly, while dissociated epithelial and mesenchymal cells of molar tooth germ are mixed and re-aggregated, the epithelial cells are able to sort out from the mesenchymal cells and organize into a well-defined dental epithelial structure, leading to the formation of a well-differentiated tooth organ after sub-renal culture. These unique molar developmental properties allow us to develop a strategy using a lentivirus-mediated RNAi approach to silence gene expression in dental mesenchymal cells and assess gene function in tooth development. We show that knockdown of Msx1 or Dlx2 expression in the dental mesenchyme faithfully recapitulates the tooth phenotype of their targeted mutant mice. Silencing of Barx1 expression in the dental mesenchyme causes an arrest of tooth development at the bud stage, demonstrating a crucial role for Barx1 in tooth formation. Our studies have established a reliable and rapid assay that would permit large-scale analysis of gene function in mammalian tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Song
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
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Van der Heyden C, Allizard F, Sire JY, Huysseune A. Tooth development in vitro in two teleost fish, the cichlid Hemichromis bimaculatus and the cyprinid Danio rerio. Cell Tissue Res 2005; 321:375-89. [PMID: 15968550 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-004-1036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A technique for organotypic in vitro culture with serum-free medium was tested for its appropriateness to mimic normal odontogenesis in the cichlid fish Hemichromis bimaculatus and the zebrafish Danio rerio. Serial semithin sections were observed by light microscopy to collect data on tooth patterning and transmission electron microscopy was used to compare cellular and extracellular features of tooth germs developing in vitro with the situation in vivo. Head explants of H. bimaculatus from 120 h post-fertilization (hPF) to 8.5 days post-fertilization (dPF) and of zebrafish from 45 hPF to 79 hPF and adults kept in culture for 3, 4 or 7 days revealed that tooth germs developed in vitro from explants in which the buccal or pharyngeal epithelium was apparently undifferentiated and, when present at the time of explantation, they continued their development up to a stage of attachment. In addition, the medium allowed the morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation of the tooth germs similar to that observed in vivo and the establishment of a dental pattern (place and order of tooth appearance and of attachment) that mimicked that in vivo. Organotypic culture in serum-free conditions thus provides us with the means of studying epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during tooth development in teleost fish and of analysing the genetic control of either mandibular or pharyngeal tooth development and replacement in these polyphyodont species. Importantly, it allows heads from embryonically lethal (zebrafish) mutants or from early lethal knockdown experiments to develop beyond the point at which the embryos normally die. Such organotypic culture in serum-free conditions could therefore become a powerful tool in developmental studies and open new perspectives for craniofacial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Van der Heyden
- Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Abstract
The wound healing process following tissue injury consists of a highly regulated sequence of events. Besides many biological activities on both neuronal and nonneuronal cells, nerve growth factor (NGF) has been proposed as an important component of wound healing and tissue repair process in vivo and in vitro. For example, NGF accelerates the rate of wound healing both in normal mice and healing-impaired diabetic mice, and has a potent pharmacological effect in the treatment for ulcer of the skin and cornea in humans. This review summarizes the evidence for the role of NGF in wound healing and tissue repair, and introduces its clinical utility as a therapeutic agent for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kawamoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Nosrat IV, Widenfalk J, Olson L, Nosrat CA. Dental pulp cells produce neurotrophic factors, interact with trigeminal neurons in vitro, and rescue motoneurons after spinal cord injury. Dev Biol 2001; 238:120-32. [PMID: 11783998 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.2001.0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between ingrowing nerve fibers and their target tissues form the basis for functional connectivity with the central nervous system. Studies of the developing dental pulp innervation by nerve fibers from the trigeminal ganglion is an excellent example of nerve-target tissue interactions and will allow specific questions regarding development of the dental pulp nerve system to be addressed. Dental pulp cells (DPC) produce an array of neurotrophic factors during development, suggesting that these proteins might be involved in supporting trigeminal nerve fibers that innervate the dental pulp. We have established an in vitro culture system to study the interactions between the dental pulp cells and trigeminal neurons. We show that dental pulp cells produce several neurotrophic factors in culture. When DPC are cocultured with trigeminal neurons, they promote survival and a specific and elaborate neurite outgrowth pattern from trigeminal neurons, whereas skin fibroblasts do not provide a similar support. In addition, we show that dental pulp tissue becomes innervated when transplanted ectopically into the anterior chamber of the eye in rats, and upregulates the catecholaminergic nerve fiber density of the irises. Interestingly, grafting the dental pulp tissue into hemisected spinal cord increases the number of surviving motoneurons, indicating a functional bioactivity of the dental pulp-derived neurotrophic factors in vivo by rescuing motoneurons. Based on these findings, we propose that dental pulp-derived neurotrophic factors play an important role in orchestrating the dental pulp innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Nosrat
- Laboratory of Oral Neurobiology, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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Ogasawara M, Shigetani Y, Hirano S, Satoh N, Kuratani S. Pax1/Pax9-Related genes in an agnathan vertebrate, Lampetra japonica: expression pattern of LjPax9 implies sequential evolutionary events toward the gnathostome body plan. Dev Biol 2000; 223:399-410. [PMID: 10882524 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.2000.9756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the transcription factor gene families, Pax genes play important and unique roles in morphological patterning of animal body plans. Of these, Group I Pax genes (Pax1 and Pax9) are expressed in the endodermal pharyngeal pouches in many groups of deuterostomes, and vertebrates seem to have acquired more extensive expression domains in embryos. To understand the evolution of Pax1/Pax9-related genes in basal groups of vertebrates, their cognates were isolated from the Japanese marine lamprey, Lampetra japonica. RT-PCR of larval lamprey cDNA yielded two different fragments containing vertebrate Pax1- and Pax9-like paired domains. The Pax9 orthologue was isolated and named LjPax9. Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that this gene was expressed in endodermal pharyngeal pouches, mesenchyme of the velum (the oral pumping apparatus) and the hyoid arch, and the nasohypophysial plate, but not in the somitic mesoderm of the lamprey embryo. These expression patterns could be regarded as a link between the basal chordates and the gnathostomes and are consistent with the phylogenetic position of the lamprey. Especially, the appearance of neural crest seemed to be the basis of velar expression. Homology of the velum and the jaw is also discussed based on the LjPax9 expression in the first pharyngeal pouch and in the velar mesenchyme. We conclude that Pax9 genes have sequentially expanded into new expression domains through evolution as more complicated body plans emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ogasawara
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Shiomi H, Ohsaki Y, Akamine A, Iijima T. The Re-Expression of Nerve Growth Factor Protein after Cavity Preparation in Rat Molars. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2000. [DOI: 10.1267/ahc.33.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Shiomi
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
| | - Yasuyoshi Ohsaki
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
| | - Akifumi Akamine
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
| | - Tadahiko Iijima
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
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