1
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Liu H, Jin C, Xia N, Dong Q. Overexpression of aquaporin-1 plays a vital role in proliferation, apoptosis, and pyroptosis of Wilms' tumor cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:85. [PMID: 38334883 PMCID: PMC10858134 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephroblastoma, also known as Wilms' tumor (WT), is an embryonic malignant tumor and one of the most common malignant tumors in the abdominal region of children. The exact role and underlying mechanisms of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) in the occurrence and development of nephroblastoma remain unclear. METHODS After overexpression of AQP1, cell proliferation was assessed using the CCK-8 proliferation assay and EdU staining. Flow cytometry was employed to assess cell apoptosis, and Western blotting (WB) analysis was conducted to validate the expression of relevant protein markers. mRNA sequencing (mRNA-Seq) was performed on WT cells overexpressing AQP1 to predict and characterize the associated mechanisms. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to observe changes in the ultrastructure of WT cells undergoing apoptosis and pyroptosis following AQP1 overexpression. Functional in vivo validation was conducted through animal experiments. RESULTS We validated that overexpression of AQP1 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis and pyroptosis both in vitro and in vivo. mRNA-Seq analysis of WT cells with AQP1 overexpression suggested that these effects might be mediated through the inhibition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Additionally, we discovered that overexpression of AQP1 activated the classical pyroptosis signaling pathway dependent on caspase-1, thereby promoting pyroptosis in WT. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the important functional role of AQP1 in the pathobiology of nephroblastoma, providing novel insights into the development of this disease. Moreover, these results offer new perspectives on the potential therapeutic targeting of AQP1 as a treatment strategy for nephroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Xia
- Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
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2
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Flitcroft JG, Verheyen J, Vemulkar T, Welbourne EN, Rossi SH, Welsh SJ, Cowburn RP, Stewart GD. Early detection of kidney cancer using urinary proteins: a truly non-invasive strategy. BJU Int 2021; 129:290-303. [PMID: 34570419 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review urinary protein biomarkers as potential non-invasive, easily obtainable, early diagnostic tools in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS A PubMed database search was performed up to the year 2020 to identify primary studies reporting potential urinary protein biomarkers for RCC. Separate searches were conducted to identify studies describing appropriate methods of developing cancer screening programmes and detection of cancer biomarkers. RESULTS Several urinary protein biomarkers are under validation for RCC diagnostics, e.g. aquaporin-1, perilipin-2, carbonic anhydrase-9, Raf-kinase inhibitory protein, nuclear matrix protein-22, 14-3-3 Protein β/α and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. However, none has yet been validated or approved for clinical use due to low sensitivity or specificity, inconsistencies in appropriate study design, or lack of external validation. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of biomarkers' feasibility, sample preparation and storage, biomarker validation, and the application of novel technologies may provide a solution that maximises the potential for a truly non-invasive biomarker in early RCC diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan G Flitcroft
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeroen Verheyen
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tarun Vemulkar
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma N Welbourne
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sabrina H Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah J Welsh
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Russell P Cowburn
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Grant D Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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3
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Liu R, Feng Y, Deng Y, Zou Z, Ye J, Cai Z, Zhu X, Liang Y, Lu J, Zhang H, Luo Y, Han Z, Zhuo Y, Xie Q, Hon CT, Liang Y, Wu CL, Zhong W. A HIF1α-GPD1 feedforward loop inhibits the progression of renal clear cell carcinoma via mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:188. [PMID: 34098990 PMCID: PMC8185942 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypoxia signaling, especially the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway, is a major player in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), which is characterized by disorders in lipid and glycogen metabolism. However, the interaction between hypoxia and lipid metabolism in ccRCC progression is still poorly understood. Methods We used bioinformatic analysis and discovered that glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) may play a key role in hypoxia and lipid metabolism pathways in ccRCC. Tissue microarray, IHC staining, and survival analysis were performed to evaluate clinical function. In vitro and in vivo assays showed the biological effects of GPD1 in ccRCC progression. Results We found that the expression of GPD1 was downregulated in ccRCC tissues, and overexpression of GPD1 inhibited the progression of ccRCC both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated that hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) directly regulates GPD1 at the transcriptional level, which leads to the inhibition of mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism. Additionally, GPD1 was shown to inhibit prolyl hydroxylase 3 (PHD3), which blocks prolyl-hydroxylation of HIF1α and subsequent proteasomal degradation, and thus reinforces the inhibition of mitochondrial function and phosphorylation of AMPK via suppressing glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (GPD2). Conclusions This study not only demonstrated that HIF1α-GPD1 forms a positive feedforward loop inhibiting mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism in ccRCC, but also discovered a new mechanism for the molecular basis of HIF1α to inhibit tumor activity, thus providing novel insights into hypoxia-lipid-mediated ccRCC therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-01996-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuanfa Feng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China.,Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhihao Zou
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Jianheng Ye
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Zhiduan Cai
- Department of Urology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Xuejin Zhu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China.,Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Yingke Liang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Jianming Lu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Zhaodong Han
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yangjia Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Qingling Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Urology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Chi Tin Hon
- Macau Institute of Systems Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Yuxiang Liang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
| | - Chin-Lee Wu
- Departments of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Weide Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China. .,Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China. .,Macau Institute of Systems Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China. .,Departments of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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4
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Jiawei Z, Min M, Yingru X, Xin Z, Danting L, Yafeng L, Jun X, Wangfa H, Lijun Z, Jing W, Dong H. Identification of Key Genes in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Establishment of Prognostic Mode. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:561456. [PMID: 33195408 PMCID: PMC7653064 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.561456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of human tumors is associated with the abnormal expression of various functional genes, and a massive tumor-based database needs to be deeply mined. Based on a multigene prediction model, access to urgent prognosis of patients has become possible. MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected three RNA expression profiles (GSE32863, GSE10072, and GSE43458) from the lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) database of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumor and normal tissue using GEO2R program. After that, we analyzed the transcriptome data of 479 LUAD samples (54 normal tissue samples and 425 cancer tissue samples) and their clinical follow-up data from the (TCGA) database. Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were used to assess the prediction model. Multivariate Cox analysis was used to identify independent predictors. TCGA pancreatic adenocarcinoma datasets were used to establish a nomogram model. RESULTS We found 98 significantly prognosis-related genes using KM and COX analysis, among which six genes were found to be the DEGs in GEO. Using multivariate analysis, it was found that a single gene could not be used as an independent predictor of prognosis. However, the risk score calculated by weighting these six genes could serve as an independent prognosis predictor. COX analysis performed with multiple covariates such as age, gender, tumor stage, and TNM typing showed that risk score could still be utilized as an independent risk factor for patient survival rate (p = 0.013) and had an applicable reliability (area under the curve, AUC = 0.665). By combining risk score and various clinical features, the nomogram model was constructed, which had been proven to have high consistency for the prediction of 3- and 5-year survival rate (concordance = 0.751) and high accuracy as tested by ROC (AUC = 0.71;AUC = 0.708). CONCLUSION We proposed a method to predict the prognosis of LUAD by weighting multiple genes and constructed a nomogram model suitable for the prognostic evaluation of LUAD, which could provide a new tool for the identification of therapeutic targets and the efficacy evaluation of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Jiawei
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Mu Min
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control and Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Xing Yingru
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Zhang Xin
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Li Danting
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Liu Yafeng
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Xie Jun
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Hu Wangfa
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Zhang Lijun
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Wu Jing
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control and Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Hu Dong
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control and Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
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5
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Sato K, Miyamoto M, Takano M, Furuya K, Tsuda H. Different Prognostic Implications of Aquaporin-1 and Aquaporin-5 Expression among Different Histological Types of Ovarian Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 26:263-271. [PMID: 30022455 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of transmembrane water channel proteins that are distributed in various human tissues. Recent studies have suggested that AQP expression correlates with various aspects of cancer biology that determine the aggressiveness of different cancers. Ovarian carcinoma is one of the most lethal gynecological cancers. Some studies have suggested that AQPs are expressed in ovarian carcinoma, and are associated with cancer cell growth and migration. In this study, we immunohistochemically evaluated the expression of AQP1, 3, 5, and 9 in a total of 300 ovarian carcinomas using tissue microarrays. In our analyses of correlations between aquaporin expression and overall survival, high AQP5 expression was significantly associated with poorer prognosis (P = 0.029). For AQP1, the low expression group trended towards poorer prognosis than the high expression group, but the difference was not statistically significant. When ovarian carcinomas were divided by histological types, high AQP5 expression correlated with poorer prognosis in serous carcinoma (P = 0.015), and low AQP1 expression correlated with poorer prognosis in clear cell carcinomas (P = 0.0055). By contrast, high AQP1 expression correlated with poorer prognosis in mucinous carcinoma (P = 0.0001) and endometrioid carcinoma (P = 0.021). Our studies suggest that AQPs can be useful prognostic markers in ovarian carcinoma, but their correlation with prognosis depends on the histological type of ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiya Sato
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Morikazu Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Takano
- Department of Clinical Oncology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Furuya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsuda
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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6
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Matsumoto I, Chambers JK, Nibe K, Kinoshita R, Nishimura R, Nakayama H, Uchida K. Histopathologic and Immunohistochemistry Findings in Feline Renal Cell Carcinoma. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:663-672. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818776055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The biological behavior and immunohistochemical features of feline renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have not been well characterized. In the present study, immunohistochemical examinations were performed in 12 feline cases of RCC. The RCC consisted of solid ( n = 2), solid-tubular ( n = 2), tubular ( n = 3), papillary ( n = 2), tubulopapillary ( n = 2), and sarcomatoid ( n = 1) type lesions. Of the cases with RCC, 1 developed metastatic disease and 6 cases had no evidence of recurrence at 80 to 2292 days after surgery. One papillary-type tumor had cuboidal cells with scant cytoplasm and monomorphic nuclei, and the other had pseudostratified columnar cells with abundant cytoplasm. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells in most cases were positive for cytokeratin (CK)7, CK20, KIT, and CD10, with the exception of cases of the solid type with clear cytoplasm (solid anaplastic), papillary type with columnar cells, and sarcomatoid types. A small number of tumor cells in the solid anaplastic and in the sarcomatoid types were positive for aquaporin-1. Increased expression of N-cadherin and Twist along with nuclear accumulation of β-catenin were observed in the sarcomatoid type. These results indicated that CK, KIT, and CD10 are relatively strongly expressed in most feline RCC. The solid anaplastic RCC exhibited CD10 expression with the absence of distal tubule marker expression. Although immunohistochemistry profiles were relatively consistent with those described in human RCC, the histopathologic features were different from those seen in humans. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression in the current cases may suggest the involvement of an EMT-like mechanism in the development of sarcomatoid RCC in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James K. Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nibe
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Shi G, Zhang J, Lu Z, Liu D, Wu Y, Wu P, Yin J, Yuan H, Zhu Q, Chen L, Fu Y, Peng Y, Wang Y, Jiang K, Miao Y. A novel messenger RNA signature as a prognostic biomarker for predicting relapse in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110849-110860. [PMID: 29340021 PMCID: PMC5762289 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) death rate and recurrence rate have remained obstinately high. Current methods can not satisfy the need of predicting cancer relapse accurately. Utilizing expression profiles of 10 GEO datasets (N = 774), we identified 154 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PDAC and normal pancreas tissue or paracancerous tissue. Next we built a 16-mRNA-based signature by means of the LASSO COX regression model. We also validated the prognostic value of the signature. Patients were classified into high-risk and low-risk group according to the signature risk score; 1 year RFS was 45% (95% CI: 31.6%–63.9%) for high-risk group in contrast to 92.5% (95% CI: 86.3%–99.1%) for low-risk group. Moreover, it could predict RFS well in cases with the receipt of different treatment modalities. The 16-mRNA-based signature was an independent and powerful prognostic biomarker for RFS for PDAC patients (HR = 7.74, 95% CI: 3.25–18.45, p < 0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Shi
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zipeng Lu
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qicong Zhu
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yue Fu
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yunpeng Peng
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Endoscopy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kuirong Jiang
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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8
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Peri S, Caretti E, Tricarico R, Devarajan K, Cheung M, Sementino E, Menges CW, Nicolas E, Vanderveer LA, Howard S, Conrad P, Crowell JA, Campbell KS, Ross EA, Godwin AK, Yeung AT, Clapper ML, Uzzo RG, Henske EP, Ricketts CJ, Vocke CD, Linehan WM, Testa JR, Bellacosa A, Kopelovich L, Knudson AG. Haploinsufficiency in tumor predisposition syndromes: altered genomic transcription in morphologically normal cells heterozygous for VHL or TSC mutation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17628-17642. [PMID: 27682873 PMCID: PMC5392274 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes and their effector pathways have been identified for many dominantly heritable cancers, enabling efforts to intervene early in the course of disease. Our approach on the subject of early intervention was to investigate gene expression patterns of morphologically normal "one-hit" cells before they become hemizygous or homozygous for the inherited mutant gene which is usually required for tumor formation. Here, we studied histologically non-transformed renal epithelial cells from patients with inherited disorders that predispose to renal tumors, including von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease and Tuberous Sclerosis (TSC). As controls, we studied histologically normal cells from non-cancerous renal epithelium of patients with sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Gene expression analyses of VHLmut/wt or TSC1/2mut/wt versus wild-type (WT) cells revealed transcriptomic alterations previously implicated in the transition to precancerous renal lesions. For example, the gene expression changes in VHLmut/wt cells were consistent with activation of the hypoxia response, associated, in part, with the "Warburg effect". Knockdown of any remaining VHL mRNA using shRNA induced secondary expression changes, such as activation of NFκB and interferon pathways, that are fundamentally important in the development of RCC. We posit that this is a general pattern of hereditary cancer predisposition, wherein haploinsufficiency for VHL or TSC1/2, or potentially other tumor susceptibility genes, is sufficient to promote development of early lesions, while cancer results from inactivation of the remaining normal allele. The gene expression changes identified here are related to the metabolic basis of renal cancer and may constitute suitable targets for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Peri
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elena Caretti
- Cancer Epigenetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Karthik Devarajan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell Cheung
- Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Craig W. Menges
- Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Lisa A. Vanderveer
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon Howard
- Blood Cell Development and Function, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peggy Conrad
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James A. Crowell
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kerry S. Campbell
- Blood Cell Development and Function, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric A. Ross
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anthony T. Yeung
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Margie L. Clapper
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert G. Uzzo
- Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Kidney Cancer Programs, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Henske
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J. Ricketts
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cathy D. Vocke
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W. Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph R. Testa
- Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Kidney Cancer Programs, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Levy Kopelovich
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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9
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Zhang WG, Li CF, Liu M, Chen XF, Shuai K, Kong X, Lv L, Mei ZC. Aquaporin 9 is down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and its over-expression suppresses hepatoma cell invasion through inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Lett 2016; 378:111-9. [PMID: 27216981 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) is the main aquaglyceroporin in the liver. Few studies have been performed regarding the role of AQP9 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we report the expression and function of AQP9 in HCC tissues and cell lines. We found that AQP9 mRNA and protein levels were down-regulated in HCC tissues and human hepatoma cell lines compared to the para-cancer normal liver tissues and normal hepatocyte line, respectively. In a human HCC SMMC-7721 cell line, over-expression of AQP9 suppressed cell invasion in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in vivo. AQP9 over-expression increased the expression of E-cadherin and decreased the expression of N-cadherin in SMMC-7721 cells and xenografted tumors, which was correlated with decreased levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and p-Akt. Conversely, using siRNA to knock down AQP9 over-expression could reverse the phenotype caused by AQP9 over-expression. Our findings suggest that AQP9 is down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and its over-expression suppresses hepatoma cell invasion through inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Guang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Chuan-Fei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- The First Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Kai Shuai
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xin Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zhe-Chuan Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
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10
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Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the 13th most common cancer in the world and one of the few cancers for which incidence is increasing. This disease is generally asymptomatic at an early stage and is highly metastatic. Frequently discovered by physicians in the process of working up other diseases such as acute kidney injury, RCC is often discovered in an advanced form and many patients have metastases at the time of diagnosis. Given that life expectancy with currently approved therapies for metastatic RCC is approximately 1-2 years, biomarkers for RCC that will enable early detection are urgently needed. Although it is unlikely that highly sensitive and specific biomarkers will be identified in the near future that are useful for screening the general population, a noninvasive marker or set of markers could soon be used in general medicine, nephrology, and urology clinics to screen patients at increased risk of RCC. In addition to the ongoing need for RCC biomarkers, the frequent resistance reported with currently available targeted therapies makes the identification of new therapeutic targets similarly important. Many promising leads for new targeted therapies have come to light; some of these therapies are in clinical trials and others are still being evaluated in the laboratory.
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11
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Raimondo F, Morosi L, Corbetta S, Chinello C, Brambilla P, Della Mina P, Villa A, Albo G, Battaglia C, Bosari S, Magni F, Pitto M. Differential protein profiling of renal cell carcinoma urinary exosomes. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:1220-33. [PMID: 23511837 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb25582d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for about 3% of all human malignancies and its incidence is increasing. There are no standard biomarkers currently used in the clinical management of patients with renal cell carcinoma. A promising strategy for new biomarker detection is comparative proteomics of urinary exosomes (UE), nanovesicles released by every epithelial cell facing the urinary space, enriched in renal proteins and excluding high-abundance plasmatic proteins, such as albumin. Aim of the work is to establish the protein profile of exosomes isolated from urines of RCC patient compared with control subjects. We enrolled 29 clear cell RCC patients and 23 control healthy subjects (CTRL), age and sex-matched, for urine collection and vesicle isolation by differential centrifugation. Such vesicles were morphologically and biochemically characterized and proved to share exosome properties. Proteomic analysis, performed on 9 urinary exosome (UE) pooled samples by gel based digestion followed by LC-MS/MS, led to the identification of 261 proteins from CTRL subject UE and 186 from RCC patient UE, and demonstrated that most of the identified proteins are membrane associated or cytoplasmic. Moreover, about a half of identified proteins are not shared between RCC and control UE. Starting from these observations, and from the literature, we selected a panel of 10 proteins, whose UE differential content was subjected to immunoblotting validation. Results show for the first time that RCC UE protein content is substantially and reproducibly different from control UE, and that these differences may provide clues for new RCC biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Raimondo
- Department of Health Sciences, Univ. of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
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12
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Mubarakshina Borisova MM, Kozuleva MA, Rudenko NN, Naydov IA, Klenina IB, Ivanov BN. Photosynthetic electron flow to oxygen and diffusion of hydrogen peroxide through the chloroplast envelope via aquaporins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:1314-21. [PMID: 22421105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Light-induced generation of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide in isolated thylakoids has been studied with a lipophilic spin probe, cyclic hydroxylamine 1-hydroxy-4-isobutyramido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinium (TMT-H) to detect superoxide radicals, and the spin trap α-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitron (4-POBN) to detect hydrogen peroxide-derived hydroxyl radicals. Accumulation of the radical products of the above reactions has been followed using electron paramagnetic resonance. It is found that the increased production of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide in higher light is due to the enhanced production of these species within the thylakoid membrane, rather than outside the membrane. Fluorescent probe Amplex red, which forms fluorescent product, resorufin, in the reaction with hydrogen peroxide, has been used to detect hydrogen peroxide outside isolated chloroplasts using confocal microscopy. Resorufin fluorescence outside the chloroplasts is found to be suppressed by 60% in the presence of the inhibitor of aquaporins, acetazolamide (AZA), indicating that hydrogen peroxide can diffuse through the chloroplast envelope aquaporins. It is demonstrated that AZA also inhibits carbonic anhydrase activity of the isolated envelope. We put forward a hypothesis that carbonic anhydrase presumably can be attached to the envelope aquaporins. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosynthesis Research for Sustainability: from Natural to Artificial.
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13
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Tie L, Lu N, Pan XY, Pan Y, An Y, Gao JW, Lin YH, Yu HM, Li XJ. Hypoxia-induced up-regulation of aquaporin-1 protein in prostate cancer cells in a p38-dependent manner. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012; 29:269-80. [PMID: 22415096 DOI: 10.1159/000337608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) is a glycoprotein that mediates osmotic water transport, its expression has been found to correlate with tumour stage in some tumours. However, the mechanism by which AQP1 protein expression is regulated in tumor cells remains to be fully elucidated. We hypothesized that hypoxia might play an important role in AQP1 induction during tumorigenesis and at the late stages of tumor development. METHODS Isotonic and serum-free hypoxic models were used to investigate AQP1 expression in PC-3M human prostate cancer cells. RESULTS AQP1 expression was up-regulated by density-induced pericellular hypoxia and cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl(2))-induced hypoxia at the transcriptional level. Moreover, phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was induced by density-induced pericellular hypoxia and CoCl(2)-induced hypoxia, specific inhibitors of p38 MAPK could concentration-dependently block those effects of hypoxia on AQP1 expression. Intracellular calcium ion (Ca(2+)) and protein kinase C (PKC) were shown to be responsible for the activation of p38 MAPK pathway. In addition, AQP1 induction in dense cultures was dependent on lowered oxygen (O(2)) tension. In high cell density culture, certain secretory proteins might induce AQP1 expression indirectly. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that AQP1 could be induced by hypoxia at transcription level, and the regulation of AQP1 in PC-3M cells is dependent on calcium, PKC and p38 MAPK, as well as low oxygen tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural & Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of System Biomedicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
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14
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that increased tumor expression of proteins such as aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and adipophilin (ADFP) in patients with renal cancer would result in increased urine AQP1 and ADFP excretion. PATIENTS AND METHODS Prenephrectomy and postnephrectomy (pseudocontrol) urine samples were collected from 42 patients with an incidental radiographically discovered renal mass and presurgical presumptive diagnosis of kidney cancer from July 8, 2008, through March 10, 2009. Also enrolled were 15 control patients who underwent nonrenal surgery and 19 healthy volunteers. Urine AQP1 and ADFP concentrations normalized to urine creatinine were determined by sensitive and specific Western blot assays. RESULTS Mean +/- SD preexcision urine AQP1 and ADFP concentrations (76+/-29 and 117+/-74 arbitrary units, respectively) in patients with a pathologic diagnosis of clear cell (n=22) or papillary (n=10) cancer were significantly greater than in patients with renal cancer of nonproximal tubule origin, control surgical patients, and healthy volunteers (combined values of 0.1+/-0.1 and 1.0+/-1.6 arbitrary units, respectively; n=44; P<.001). The AQP1 and ADFP concentrations decreased 88% to 97% in the 25 patients with clear cell or papillary cancer who provided postnephrectomy follow-up urine samples. In patients with clear cell and papillary carcinoma, a linear correlation (Spearman) was found between tumor size and preexcision urine AQP1 or ADFP concentration (r=0.82 and 0.76, respectively; P<.001 for each). CONCLUSION Urine AQP1 and ADFP concentrations appear to be sensitive and specific biomarkers of kidney cancers of proximal tubule origin. These biomarkers may be useful to diagnose an imaged renal mass and screen for kidney cancer at an early stage. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00851994.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Evan D. Kharasch
- Individual reprints of this article are not available. Address correspondence to Evan D. Kharasch, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Campus Box 8054, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110-1093 ()
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15
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Huang Y, Murakami T, Sano F, Kondo K, Nakaigawa N, Kishida T, Kubota Y, Nagashima Y, Yao M. Expression of Aquaporin 1 in Primary Renal Tumors: A Prognostic Indicator for Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol 2009; 56:690-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2008.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Rentsch CA, Bachmann A. Editorial comment on: Expression of aquaporin 1 in primary renal tumors: a prognostic indicator of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 2008; 56:699. [PMID: 18930584 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2008.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Prognostic factors for renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2008; 34:407-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Yao M, Huang Y, Shioi K, Hattori K, Murakami T, Sano F, Baba M, Kondo K, Nakaigawa N, Kishida T, Nagashima Y, Yamada-Okabe H, Kubota Y. A three-gene expression signature model to predict clinical outcome of clear cell renal carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:1126-32. [PMID: 18546273 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are morphologically and genetically heterogeneous tumors and present diverse clinical courses. We developed a scoring system using levels of gene expression to predict the outcome for clear cell RCC patients. We selected differentially expressed genes from the DNA microarray data of 27 clear cell RCCs; 16 were metastasis phenotypes and 11 were not. We compared the selected gene set with previously published data and identified 33 overlapping genes closely associated with patient outcome. We selected the 12 top-ranked genes and confirmed the level of expression using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that 3 genes-vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB), and regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5)-were the most tightly associated with cancer-specific survival and that higher expression of the 3 genes correlated with better outcome. A formula for an outcome predictor was generated from integration of the measurements of the expression levels of the 3 genes. Multivariate Cox models combined with a split-sample cross-validation method in a cohort of 386 clear cell RCC patients demonstrated that the derived score for outcome prediction was an independent predictor in cancer-specific survival tests. The accuracy of the prediction of cancer death after nephrectomy was improved by the inclusion of this score in receiver operating characteristic analysis from multivariate logistic regression models, suggesting that a scoring system based on the expression levels of these 3 genes is useful in the prediction of survival for patients with clear cell RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yao
- Department of Urology and Molecular Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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19
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Magni F, Chinello C, Raimondo F, Mocarelli P, Kienle MG, Pitto M. AQP1 expression analysis in human diseases: implications for proteomic characterization. Expert Rev Proteomics 2008; 5:29-43. [PMID: 18282122 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.5.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP)1 belongs to a ubiquitous family of water channel proteins characterized by sequence similarity and the presence of two NPA (Asp-Pro-Ala) motifs existing in almost all organs and tissues. Currently, 13 human AQPs are known and they are divided into two subgroups according to their ability to transport only water molecules, such as AQP1, or also glycerol and other small solutes. The genomic, structural and functional aspects of AQP1 are briefly described. An in-depth discussion is devoted to proteomic approaches that are useful for identifying and characterizing AQP1, mainly through electrophoretic techniques combined with different extraction procedures followed by mass spectrometry analysis. Moreover, the relevance of AQP1 in human diseases is also explained. Its role in human tumors and, in particular, those of the kidney (e.g., clear cell renal carcinoma) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Magni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Via Cadore 48, 20052 Monza, Italy.
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20
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Aquaporins--new players in cancer biology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2008; 86:523-9. [PMID: 18311471 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-008-0303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aquaporins (AQPs) are small, integral-membrane proteins that selectively transport water across cell plasma membranes. A subset of AQPs, the aquaglyceroporins, also transport glycerol. AQPs are strongly expressed in tumor cells of different origins, particularly aggressive tumors. Recent discoveries of AQP involvement in cell migration and proliferation suggest that AQPs play key roles in tumor biology. AQP1 is ubiquitously expressed in tumor vascular endothelium, and AQP1-null mice show defective tumor angiogenesis resulting from impaired endothelial cell migration. AQP-expressing cancer cells show enhanced migration in vitro and greater local tumor invasion, tumor cell extravasation, and metastases in vivo. AQP-dependent cell migration may involve AQP-facilitated water influx into lamellipodia at the front edge of migrating cells. The aquaglyceroporin AQP3, which is found in normal epidermis and becomes upregulated in basal cell carcinoma, facilitates cell proliferation in different cell types. Remarkably, AQP3-null mice are resistant to skin tumorigenesis by a mechanism that may involve reduced tumor cell glycerol metabolism and ATP generation. Together, the data suggest that AQP expression in tumor cells and tumor vessels facilitates tumor growth and spread, suggesting AQP inhibition as a novel antitumor therapy.
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21
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Nogueira M, Kim HL. Molecular markers for predicting prognosis of renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2007; 26:113-24. [PMID: 18312928 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2007.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic or recurrent renal cell carcinoma (RCC) carries a poor prognosis and long term survival is rare. However, many small RCCs that are incidentally discovered have an indolent course even without treatment. The variability in clinical outcome is a reflection of the underlying tumor biology. Currently, clinical variables such as tumor stage and histologic grade are widely accepted surrogates for tumor-specific cellular and molecular processes. Ongoing advances in genomic and proteomic technologies have produced an expanding list of molecular markers for predicting prognosis. We review expression array studies evaluating molecular signatures for predicting prognosis in patients with RCC and describe specific prognostic markers that have been validated in at least 50 cases of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Nogueira
- Department of Urologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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22
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Ticozzi-Valerio D, Raimondo F, Pitto M, Rocco F, Bosari S, Perego R, Sarto C, Di Fonzo A, Bosso N, Mocarelli P, Galli-Kienle M, Magni F. Differential expression of AQP1 in microdomain-enriched membranes of renal cell carcinoma. Proteomics Clin Appl 2007; 1:588-97. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200601048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Murakami T, Sano F, Huang Y, Komiya A, Baba M, Osada Y, Nagashima Y, Kondo K, Nakaigawa N, Miura T, Kubota Y, Yao M, Kishida T. Identification and characterization of Birt-Hogg-Dubé associated renal carcinoma. J Pathol 2007; 211:524-531. [PMID: 17323425 DOI: 10.1002/path.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) gene is responsible for BHD syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant disease, characterized by benign hair follicle tumours, spontaneous pneumothorax and renal neoplasms with diverse histology. To elucidate its involvement in the development of renal neoplasms, we examined a total of 100 sporadic renal tumours with various histological subtypes for BHD mutation by SSCP-sequencing analyses. We found one germline insertion mutation in the C8 hotspot of exon 11 (c.1733insC), which is known to have a strong association with renal tumour occurrence. The germline-mutated patient suffered from solitary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) but did not have any other BHD manifestations or family history. The tumour revealed heterogeneous cytomorphology, mainly a mixture of eosinophilic and focally clear cells with tubulopapillary architecture. In this tumour, both BHD alleles were inactivated by germline mutation concomitant with loss of heterozygosity, and the amount of BHD mRNA detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) was very low. Renal tumour subtype/nephron segment-specific gene expression detected by RQ-PCR demonstrated that the tumour expressed relatively high amounts of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) and the KIT oncogene, but relatively low amounts of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), aquaporin 1 (AQP1), claudin 7 (CLDN7), parvalbumin (PVALB), chloride channel Kb (CLCNKB) and 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (HSD11B2), suggesting diverse mRNA signatures. Further clustering analysis of 88 renal tumours based on expression of these eight genes sub-classified the tumour as close to oncocytomas and chromophobe RCCs, which are considered distal nephron-associated tumours. These data suggest that somatic mutation of BHD is relatively rare in Japanese patients. The BHD-mutated RCC identified in this study, which exhibits heterogeneous biological features in both morphology and gene expression signatures, seems to deviate from our current understanding of renal tumour classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Murakami
- Department of Urology and Molecular Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - F Sano
- Department of Urology and Molecular Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Huang
- Department of Urology and Molecular Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - A Komiya
- Department of Urology and Molecular Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - M Baba
- Department of Urology and Molecular Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Osada
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Centre, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Nagashima
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Oncology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - K Kondo
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Medical Centre, Yokohama, Japan
| | - N Nakaigawa
- Department of Urology and Molecular Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - T Miura
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Centre, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Kubota
- Department of Urology and Molecular Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - M Yao
- Department of Urology and Molecular Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - T Kishida
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Medical Centre, Yokohama, Japan
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24
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Effects of Acetazolamide Combined with or without NaHCO3 on Suppressing Neoplasm Growth, Metastasis and Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) Protein Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.3390/i8030229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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25
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Magni F, Sarto C, Ticozzi D, Soldi M, Bosso N, Mocarelli P, Kienle MG. Proteomic knowledge of human aquaporins. Proteomics 2007; 6:5637-49. [PMID: 17044001 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are an ubiquitous family of proteins characterized by sequence similarity and the presence of two NPA (Asp-Pro-Ala) motifs. At present, 13 human AQPs are known and they are divided into two subgroups according to their ability to transport only water molecules (AQP0, AQP1, AQP2, AQP4, AQP5, AQP6, and AQP8), or also glycerol and other small solutes (AQP3, AQP7, AQP9, AQP10, AQP12). The genomic, structural, and functional aspects of this family are briefly described. In particular, proteomic approaches to identify and characterize the most studied AQPs, mainly through SDS-PAGE followed by MS analysis, are discussed. Moreover, the clinical importance of the best studied aquaporin (AQP1) in human diseases is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Magni
- Department of Experimental, Environmental Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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26
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Mazal PR, Stichenwirth M, Koller A, Blach S, Haitel A, Susani M. Expression of aquaporins and PAX-2 compared to CD10 and cytokeratin 7 in renal neoplasms: a tissue microarray study. Mod Pathol 2005; 18:535-40. [PMID: 15502805 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic use of antibodies against aquaporin water channel proteins and PAX-2, a nuclear transcription factor in renal development, was tested in 202 renal neoplasms, using tissue microarray technique. Immunohistochemistry for aquaporin-1, aquaporin-2, PAX-2, CD10, and cytokeratin 7 was performed on 102 clear cell renal cell carcinomas, 44 papillary renal cell carcinomas (among them 34 type 1 and 10 type 2), 24 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas, three collecting duct carcinomas (carcinomas of the collecting ducts of Bellini), and 29 oncocytomas. Aquaporin-1 expression was found in clear cell renal cell carcinomas and papillary renal cell carcinomas of both types (78 and 73%, respectively), but not in chromophobe renal cell carcinomas, collecting duct carcinomas, and oncocytomas. Aquaporin-2 expression was not seen in any of the tested tumors. PAX-2 and CD10 was found in the majority of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (88 and 85%, respectively) but only in few papillary renal cell carcinomas, chromophobe renal cell carcinomas and oncocytomas. Decrease or loss of aquaporin-1 and PAX-2 was shown in higher grades compared to lower grades of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (P<0.0001 and <0.0245, respectively). Cytokeratin 7 was rarely seen in clear cell renal cell carcinomas, type 2 papillary renal cell carcinomas, and oncocytomas, but was found in the majority of type 1 papillary renal cell carcinomas (97.1%) and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (88%). Aquaporin-1 and PAX-2 expression was found to correlate with nuclear grading for clear cell renal cell carcinomas but not for papillary renal cell carcinomas. No correlation of tumor stage and aquaporin-1 and PAX-2 expression was seen. Aquaporin-1 and PAX-2 are reliable markers for clear cell renal cell carcinomas of lower grades but not for higher grades. CD10 expression remains stable, independent of nuclear grading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Mazal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, AKH Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Wu X, Yao JF, Xin Y, Tsuyama S, Yonezawa S, Murata F. Expression of Mucin 1 (MUC1) in Benign, Premalignant and Malignant Vulvar Tumors. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2000. [DOI: 10.1267/ahc.33.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of Gynecology,The First Clinical College,China Medical University,Shenyang,110001,China
| | - Jia-Fei Yao
- Department of Gynecology,The First Clinical College,China Medical University,Shenyang,110001,China
| | - Yan Xin
- Tumor Research Institute,China Medical University,Shenyang,110001,China
| | - Shinichiro Tsuyama
- Department of Anatomy,Faculty of Medicine,Kagoshima University,8-35-1,Sakuragaoka,Kagoshima 890-8520
| | - Suguru Yonezawa
- Department of Pathology,Faculty of Medicine,Kagoshima University,8-35-1,Sakuragaoka,Kagoshima 890-8520
| | - Fusayoshi Murata
- Department of Anatomy,Faculty of Medicine,Kagoshima University,8-35-1,Sakuragaoka,Kagoshima 890-8520
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