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Ntuli L, Mtshali A, Mzobe G, Liebenberg LJP, Ngcapu S. Role of Immunity and Vaginal Microbiome in Clearance and Persistence of Human Papillomavirus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:927131. [PMID: 35873158 PMCID: PMC9301195 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.927131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer disproportionately affects women of reproductive age, with 80% of cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes has been described as the most common non-systemic biological risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. The mucosal immune system plays a significant role in controlling HPV infection by acting as the first line of host defense at the mucosal surface. However, the virus can evade host immunity using various mechanisms, including inhibition of the antiviral immune response necessary for HPV clearance. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and the vaginal microbiome coordinate cell-mediated immune responses and play a pivotal role in modulating immunity. Recently, diverse vaginal microbiome (associated with bacterial vaginosis) and genital inflammation have emerged as potential drivers of high-risk HPV positivity and disease severity in women. The potential role of these risk factors on HPV recurrence and persistence remains unclear. This article reviews the role of cellular or cytokine response and vaginal microbiome dysbiosis in the clearance, persistence, and recurrence of HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lungelo Ntuli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Andile Mtshali
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Gugulethu Mzobe
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Lenine JP Liebenberg
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Sinaye Ngcapu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Sinaye Ngcapu,
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Gülseren D, Tan Ç, Yaz İ, Özbek B, Çağdaş D, Tezcan İ. Expression of HLA class I and class II genes in patients with multiple skin warts. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1642-1649. [PMID: 33896076 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), which are genetic markers that have critical roles in the immune response against pathogens, vary greatly among individuals. The aim of the study is to investigate the frequency of HLA class I (HLA-A, HLA-B and HLAC) and class II (HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DQA1) genes in patients with multiple skin warts and to elucidate the role of these genes in the genetic susceptibility to skin warts. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from 100 patients with multiple skin warts and 300 healthy individuals (controls). HLA typing was performed after DNA isolation from the blood samples. The HLA-A*02 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.12; p = 0.0019), HLA-DQA1*03:01 (OR: 0.45; p = 0.0017) and DQA1*05:01 (OR: 0.17; p < 0.0001) genes were significantly more prevalent in the patients than in the healthy individuals and were thus identified as risk genes. The HLA-DQA1*01:01 (OR: 0.17; p < 0.0001), HLA-DQA1*01:02 (OR: 0.17; p < 0.0001), HLA-DQA1*01:03 (OR: 0.11; p < 0.0001), HLA-DQA1*02:01 (OR:027; p<0.0001) and HLA-DQA1*05:05 (OR:0.16; p<0.0001) genes were classified as protective genes because of their low frequencies in the patients. The limitation of the study is that Human papillomavirus typing could not be performed while investigating the relationship between skin warts and HLA class I and class II genes. Our data suggest the role of HLA genes in the development of skin warts. However, other components of the major histocompatibility complex system and acquired factors of the immune system could also be involved and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Gülseren
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağman Tan
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İsmail Yaz
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Begüm Özbek
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Çağdaş
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlhan Tezcan
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Bhaskaran M, Murali SV, Rajaram B, Krishnasamy S, Devasena CS, Pathak A, Ravi V, Swaminathan K, Ayyappa A, Vedhantham S, Seshachalam A, ArunKumar G. Association of HLA-A, -B, DRB, and DQB Alleles with Persistent HPV-16 Infection in Women from Tamil Nadu, India. Viral Immunol 2019; 32:430-441. [PMID: 31800372 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections have a high risk of developing cervical cancer (CaCx). HPV-16 alone accounts for more than 60% of CaCx worldwide. Most of the HPV infections are transient and only a subset of women develop persistent HPV-16 infection. Many studies have shown associations of different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles with HPV-mediated CaCx, but there are only a few studies globally that relate to persistent HPV-16 infection. Furthermore, such studies from India are sparse. Hence, we investigated the association of HLA-A, B, DRB, and DQB alleles with persistent HPV-16 infection and HPV-16-positive CaCx in south India (Tamil Nadu). HPV-16 persistent infection was observed in 7% of normal women. A total of 50 women with HPV-16-positive CaCx, 21 women with HPV-16 persistent infection, and 74 HPV-16-negative normal women were recruited for this study. Low-resolution typing of HLA-A, B, DRB, and DQB alleles was performed. HLA-B*44 and DRB1*07 showed a significant association with persistent HPV-16 infection (odds ratio, p-value = 26.3, 0.03 and 4.7, 0.01, respectively). HLA-B*27 and DRB1*12 were significantly associated with both HPV-16+ CaCx and persistent HPV-16 infection (23.8, 0.03; 52.9, 0.01; 9.8, 0.0009; and 13.8, 0.009; respectively). HLA-B*15 showed a negative association with HPV-16-positive CaCx (0.1, 0.01), whereas DRB1*04 exhibited protection to both HPV-16-positive CaCx and persistent HPV-16 infection (0.3, 0.0001 and 0.1, 0.0002, respectively). Thus, we show HLA allelic association with HPV-16 infection in Tamil Nadu. Larger studies on high-resolution HLA typing coupled with HPV-16 genome diversity will offer further insights into host/pathogen genome coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthumeenakshi Bhaskaran
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sree Varshini Murali
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Barathi Rajaram
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sundar Krishnasamy
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - C S Devasena
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital, Coimbatore, India
| | - Atima Pathak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital, Coimbatore, India
| | - Vidhya Ravi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, K.A.P. Viswanatham, Government Medical College, Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - Krishnan Swaminathan
- Department of Endocrinology, Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital and Research Foundation, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ashok Ayyappa
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - Arun Seshachalam
- Department of Medical Oncology, GVN Hospital Ltd., Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - GaneshPrasad ArunKumar
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
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Zhou Z, Yang H, Yang L, Yao Y, Dai S, Shi L, Li C, Yang L, Yan Z, Yao Y. Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 gene variations associated with cervical cancer in a Han Chinese population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 73:13-20. [PMID: 30981880 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is a high-risk HPV subtype and a potent carcinogen. The HPV16 E6 and E7 genes are considered oncogenes that play a core role in the development of cervical cancer. METHODS In the current study, we enrolled 97 HPV16-positive cervical cancer patients (case group) and 136 HPV16-positive asymptomatic individuals (control group) in a study to analyse the association between HPV16 E6 and E7 gene variations and cervical cancer. RESULTS Our results showed that three HPV16 sub-lineages (A1-A3, A4 and D3) were present; the distribution of these variants between the case and control group was not significantly different (P = 0.178). When the distribution of the HPV16 E6 and E7 gene variations was compared, the distribution of only A131C (R10R) in the E6 gene showed a different trend between the case and control groups and C749T (S63F) in the E7 gene was significantly different between the case and control groups (P = 0.071 and P = 4.861 × 10-10, respectively). Regarding the sub-lineages, no variations in the E6 gene were significantly different between the case and control group for the A4 (As) and A1-A3 (EUR) sub-lineages. However, the distribution of C749T (S63F) in the E7 gene was significantly different between the case and control groups for the A4 (As) and A1-A3 (EUR) sub-lineages (P = 1.815 × 10-8 and P = 0.008). In the current study, we found that the C749T (S63F) variation in the HPV16 E7 gene was associated with cervical cancer not only in the A4 (As) sub-lineage but also in the A1-A3 (EUR) sub-lineage. CONCLUSION Our study will provide a good reference for further functional studies of the relationship between cervical cancer carcinogenesis and the HPV16 E6 and E7 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Zhou
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yueting Yao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuying Dai
- School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Chuanyin Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Longyu Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhiling Yan
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China.
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China.
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Bhaskaran M, ArunKumar G. A meta-analysis of association of Human Leukocyte Antigens A, B, C, DR and DQ with Human Papillomavirus 16 infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 68:194-202. [PMID: 30590170 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) induced cervical cancer (CaCx) is a major health problem in women from both developing and developed regions of the world. This virus accounts for >95% of the CaCx cases with a preponderance of HPV type -16 (65%). Paradoxically HPV-16 is prevalent even in the cervix of healthier women and anti HPV-16 T-cell response is considered critical for the viral clearance. Studies on HLA association with HPV-16 infection and cervical cancer have yielded varied HLA associations in different epidemiological settings. To validate these associations, we performed a meta-analysis of HLA-A, B, C, DR and DQ association with HPV-16 infection. Of the 1409 studies retrieved, 26 qualified for meta-analysis based on stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. HLA-B*47, B*57, DRB1*10, DRB1*15 and DQB1*0303 were significantly associated with HPV-16 infection (OR = 3.4, 1.8, 1.5, 1.1 and 1.5 respectively). HLA-B*49, B*39, A28 (serotype), C*04 and DRB1*13 were negatively associated with HPV-16 (OR = 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.7, and 0.7 respectively). Certain HLA alleles such as B*07, DRB1*15, DRB1*11 and DRB1*07 showed weakly positive associations. A comprehensive analysis coupling HPV-16 antigenic diversity and the HLA variation in various global populations shall provide further insights into the immunogenetic predisposition to HPV-16 and shall help identify host-parasite co-evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthumeenakshi Bhaskaran
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur-613 401, India
| | - GaneshPrasad ArunKumar
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur-613 401, India.
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Chen Z, DeSalle R, Schiffman M, Herrero R, Wood CE, Ruiz JC, Clifford GM, Chan PKS, Burk RD. Niche adaptation and viral transmission of human papillomaviruses from archaic hominins to modern humans. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007352. [PMID: 30383862 PMCID: PMC6211759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries on the origins of modern humans from multiple archaic hominin populations and the diversity of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) suggest a complex scenario of virus-host evolution. To evaluate the origin of HPV pathogenesis, we estimated the phylogeny, timing, and dispersal of HPV16 variants using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo framework. To increase precision, we identified and characterized non-human primate papillomaviruses from New and Old World monkeys to set molecular clock models. We demonstrate specific host niche adaptation of primate papillomaviruses with subsequent coevolution with their primate hosts for at least 40 million years. Analyses of 212 HPV16 complete genomes and 3582 partial sequences estimated ancient divergence of HPV16 variants (between A and BCD lineages) from their most recent common ancestors around half a million years ago, roughly coinciding with the timing of the split between archaic Neanderthals and modern Homo sapiens, and nearly three times longer than divergence times of modern Homo sapiens. HPV16 A lineage variants were significantly underrepresented in present African populations, whereas the A sublineages were highly prevalent in European (A1-3) and Asian (A4) populations, indicative of viral sexual transmission from Neanderthals to modern non-African humans through multiple interbreeding events in the past 80 thousand years. Remarkably, the human leukocyte antigen B*07:02 and C*07:02 alleles associated with increased risk in cervix cancer represent introgressed regions from Neanderthals in present-day Eurasians. The archaic hominin-host-switch model was also supported by other HPV variants. Niche adaptation and virus-host codivergence appear to influence the pathogenesis of papillomaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigui Chen
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rob DeSalle
- Sackler Institute of Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Mark Schiffman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Rolando Herrero
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- Proyecto Epidemiológico Guanacaste, Fundación INCIENSA, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Charles E. Wood
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Julio C. Ruiz
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gary M. Clifford
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Paul K. S. Chan
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Robert D. Burk
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology; Epidemiology and Population Health; Obstetrics, Gynecology and Woman’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
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Combes JD, Franceschi S. Human papillomavirus genome variants and head and neck cancers: a perspective. Infect Agent Cancer 2018; 13:13. [PMID: 29643933 PMCID: PMC5891965 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-018-0185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause infections that are responsible for diverse clinical manifestations from benign conditions to invasive cancer. As different HPV types are associated with variable pathogenic potential, minor genetic variations within a given high-risk HPV type might also be associated with distinct oncogenic capacities, through variable ability of persistence or risk of progression to precancer/cancer. Most recent HPV variant studies in the cervix using latest sequencing technology confirmed that minor changes in the HPV genome can have a major influence on carcinogenesis and have revealed key data that help better understand the carcinogenicity of HPV at a molecular level. Here we review the limited number of studies on HPV genome variants in head and neck cancers (HNC) and discuss their implications for cancer research in the light of accumulated knowledge for the cervix. Challenges in transposing HPV variant studies from the lower anogenital to the upper aerodigestive tract are also discussed, highlighting the main gaps of knowledge in the field of HPV-induced HNC. Specifically in the head and neck region, the lack of characterisation of precancerous lesions and the difficulty in sampling normal tissue will challenge the development of accurate studies. Although there is so far no indication that HPV variant research in HNC could directly translate into clinical application, such research is expected to be useful to disentangle unanswered questions in the pathogenesis of HNC. Yet, history of HPV variant research suggests that, to be successful, studies will require large international collaborative efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Damien Combes
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Cedex 08 Lyon, France
| | - Silvia Franceschi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, PN Italy
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Hu JM, Liang WH, Qi CH, Wang XL, Pan XL, Qi LW, Shen XH, Li JF, Xie YF, Pang LJ, Liu CX, Zhang HJ, Tao L, Li F. HLA-DQB1*03 and DRB1*07 alleles increase the risk of cervical cancer among Uighur and Han women in Xinjiang, China. Future Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29513033 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the association between the determinant factors including HLA-DQB1*03, DRB1-*07, -*13 and high-risk HPV infection, the cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) pathogenesis among Chinese Uighur and Han population. MATERIALS & METHODS HLA alleles were genotyped by PCR sequence-specific primers. RESULTS HPV16 infection rate was significantly higher among the Uighurs and Hans with CSCC as compared with healthy controls, respectively. HLA-DQB1*03 significantly increased among Uighurs with CSCC, while HLA-DRB1*07 significantly increased among Hans with CSCC. Similar tendencies were observed for DQB1*03 with HPV16-positive Uighurs CSCC and DRB1*07 with HPV16-positive Hans CSCC. CONCLUSION This study suggests that HLA-DQB1*03 and DRB1*07 alleles may influence the immune response to HPV16 infection and increase the risk of CSCC among the Uighurs and Hans in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832003, PR China.,Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, PR China
| | - Wei Hua Liang
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Cui Hua Qi
- Department of Digestion, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, PR China
| | - Xue Li Wang
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832003, PR China.,Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, PR China
| | - Xiao Lin Pan
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Li Wen Qi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637100, PR China
| | - Xi Hua Shen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, PR China
| | - Jiang Fen Li
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832003, PR China.,Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, PR China
| | - Yu Fang Xie
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832003, PR China.,Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, PR China
| | - Li Juan Pang
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Chun Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Hai Jun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, PR China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832003, PR China.,Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, PR China
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9
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Meys R, Purdie KJ, de Koning MNC, Quint KD, Little AM, Baker F, Francis N, Asboe D, Hawkins D, Marsh SGE, Harwood CA, Gotch FM, Bunker CB. HLA Immunogenotype Determines Persistent Human Papillomavirus Virus Infection in HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment. J Infect Dis 2016; 213:1717-24. [PMID: 26908737 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A proportion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients develop persistent, stigmatizing human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cutaneous and genital warts and anogenital (pre)cancer. This is the first study to investigate immunogenetic variations that might account for HPV susceptibility and the largest to date to categorize the HPV types associated with cutaneous warts in HIV-positive patients. The HLA class I and II allele distribution was analyzed in 49 antiretroviral (ART)-treated HIV-positive patients with persistent warts, 42 noninfected controls, and 46 HIV-positive controls. The allele HLA-B*44 was more frequently identified in HIV-positive patients with warts (P = .004); a susceptible haplotype (HLA-B*44, HLA-C*05; P = .001) and protective genes (HLA-DQB1*06; P = .03) may also contribute. Cutaneous wart biopsy specimens from HIV-positive patients harbored common wart types HPV27/57, the unusual wart type HPV7, and an excess of Betapapillomavirus types (P = .002), compared with wart specimens from noninfected controls. These findings suggest that HLA testing might assist in stratifying those patients in whom vaccination should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin J Purdie
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London
| | | | - Koen D Quint
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Ann-Margaret Little
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital Cancer Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nick Francis
- Department of Histopathology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College London
| | - David Asboe
- Department of HIV Medicine and Sexual Health, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital
| | - David Hawkins
- Department of HIV Medicine and Sexual Health, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital
| | - Steven G E Marsh
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital Cancer Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A Harwood
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London
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10
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Mosmann JP, Monetti MS, Frutos MC, Kiguen AX, Venezuela RF, Cuffini CG. Mutation Detection of E6 and LCR Genes from HPV 16 Associated with Carcinogenesis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:1151-7. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.3.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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11
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Xi LF, Schiffman M, Koutsky LA, Hughes JP, Winer RL, Mao C, Hulbert A, Lee SK, Shen Z, Kiviat NB. Lineages of oncogenic human papillomavirus types other than type 16 and 18 and risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju270. [PMID: 25217779 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on clinical outcomes of infection with variants of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types other than HPV16 and HPV18 are rare. We investigated intratypic variations in non-HPV16/18 oncogenic types and their corresponding relationships with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2-3 (CIN2/3). METHODS Study subjects were women who were positive for one or more of 11 non-HPV16/18 oncogenic types. Subjects were followed every six months for two years for detection of HPV and cervical lesions. Variant lineages were defined by sequencing the 3' part of the long control region and the entire E6/E7 region of HPV genome. Lineage-associated risk of CIN2/3 was assessed using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. RESULTS A total of 4591 type-specific HPV infections among 2667 women were included in the analysis. The increase in risk of CIN2/3 was statistically significant for women with HPV31 A or B compared with C variants, HPV33 A1 compared with B variants, HPV45 A3 or B2 compared with B1 variants, HPV56 B compared with A2 variants, and HPV58 A1 or A3 compared with C variants. For these five types, the adjusted odds ratio associated with CIN2/3 was 2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5 to 2.6) for infections with single-type high-risk (HR) variants, 1.7 (95% CI = 1.0 to 2.7) for infections with two or more types but only one HR variant, and 5.3 (95% CI = 3.1 to 8.4) for infections with HR variants of two or more types as compared with those with single-type non-HR variants. The likelihood of CIN2/3 was similar for women with HPV16 infection and for those with HPV58 A1 variant infection. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that for a given HPV type, intratypic nucleotide changes may alter phenotypic traits that affect the probability of neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Fu Xi
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Mark Schiffman
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laura A Koutsky
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - James P Hughes
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rachel L Winer
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Constance Mao
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ayaka Hulbert
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shu-Kuang Lee
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Zhenping Shen
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nancy B Kiviat
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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12
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HPV16 E6 variants: Frequency, association with HPV types and in silico analysis of the identified novel variants. J Med Virol 2014; 86:968-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Chang YJ, Chen HC, Pan MH, Lee BH, You SL, Lin CY, Chou YC, Hsieh CY, Cheng YJ, Liaw KL, Hsing AW, Schiffman M, Chen CJ. Intratypic variants of human papillomavirus type 16 and risk of cervical neoplasia in Taiwan. J Med Virol 2014; 85:1567-76. [PMID: 23852681 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The associations between variants of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and risk of cervical neoplasia have been reported, but nucleotide variations of HPV 16 in Asian populations and their association with cervical neoplasia have not been evaluated extensively. During 1991-1992, 11,923 women from seven townships in Taiwan were enrolled. The HPV DNA in cervical cells was detected and genotyped using EasyChip HPV blot. Nucleotide variations in the long control region (LCR), E6, and E7 genes were determined using DNA sequencing for 170 HPV 16-positive cervical samples. The Asian variant was the most prevalent variant (81.8%) of HPV 16 in Taiwan, and was also associated with increased prevalence of histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse, showing an age-adjusted odds ratio (exact confidence limits) of 10.70 (1.62-451.05; P = 0.0049) compared to the HPV 16 European variant. Similar significant associations with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse were also observed for distinct nucleotide substitutions, including T178A/G, A647G, A7730C/G, T7781C, G7842A, and C24T/G. These results demonstrate that non-European variants (non-E) of HPV 16, predominantly Asian variants, are associated with increased risk for severe cervical neoplasia, compared with European variants. Molecular mechanisms accounting for varied cervical neoplasia risk among different HPV 16 variants warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ju Chang
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Bellone S, Pecorelli S, Cannon MJ, Santin AD. Advances in dendritic cell-based therapeutic vaccines for cervical cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 7:1473-86. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.7.10.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Xiao X, Liu L, Li WJ, Liu J, Chen DJ. HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1 Polymorphisms and Risk of Cervical Squamous Epithelial Cell Carcinoma: A Population Study in China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:4427-33. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.7.4427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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16
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Schabath MB, Villa LL, Lin HY, Fulp WJ, Akogbe GO, Abrahamsen ME, Papenfuss MR, Lazcano-Ponce E, Salmerón J, Quiterio M, Giuliano AR. Racial differences in the incidence and clearance of human papilloma virus (HPV): the HPV in men (HIM) study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:1762-70. [PMID: 23872745 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This analysis assessed the acquisition (incidence) and persistence (clearance) of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection by self-reported race among men in The HPV in Men (HIM) Study, a multinational prospective study of the natural history of genital HPV infections. METHODS Self-reported race was categorized as White, Black, Asian/Pacific Islander (PI), or multiple and mixed race. Genital samples were combined for HPV DNA testing and categorized by any, oncogenic, and non-oncogenic HPV infections. RESULTS Asian/PI race had significantly the lowest incidence of any, oncogenic, and non-oncogenic HPV infection (P < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, Asian/PI race was associated with a lower probability of acquiring any [HR = 0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.42-0.95] and non-oncogenic HPV infection (HR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40-0.93) when compared to Whites. No significant associations were evident for Asian/PI race for clearance. Multiple and mixed race was significantly associated with lower probability of acquiring non-oncogenic HPV infection (HR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69-0.99) and borderline significant associations were observed for any HPV (HR = 0.91) and oncogenic infections (HR = 0.92). Multiple and mixed race was associated with a lower probability of clearing any (HR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.84-1.00) and oncogenic HPV infections (HR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75-0.95). CONCLUSION Asian/PI race had the lowest incidence of HPV and exhibited a lower probability of acquiring new HPV infections. Multiple and mixed race had the second lowest incidence of infection and was associated with a lower probability of acquiring and clearing an HPV infection. IMPACT Race-specific differences in HPV infection could be due to behavior, innate genetic differences, or circulating intratypic HPV variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Schabath
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Center for Infection Research in Cancer (CIRC); Department of Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; and Instituto Mexicano del Segurio Social, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Cornet I, Gheit T, Iannacone MR, Vignat J, Sylla BS, Del Mistro A, Franceschi S, Tommasino M, Clifford GM. HPV16 genetic variation and the development of cervical cancer worldwide. Br J Cancer 2012; 108:240-4. [PMID: 23169278 PMCID: PMC3553516 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors that favour a small proportion of HPV16 infections to progress to cancer are still poorly understood, but several studies have implicated a role of HPV16 genetic variation. METHODS To evaluate the association between HPV16 genetic variants and cervical cancer risk, we designed a multicentre case-control study based on HPV16-positive cervical samples (1121 cervical cancer cases and 400 controls) from the International Agency for Research on Cancer biobank. By sequencing the E6 gene, HPV16 isolates were classified into variant lineages and the European (EUR)-lineage isolates were subclassified by the common polymorphism T350G. RESULTS Incidence of variant lineages differed between cases and controls in Europe/Central Asia (P=0.006, driven by an underrepresentation of African lineages in cases), and South/Central America (P=0.056, driven by an overrepresentation of Asian American/North American lineages in cases). EUR-350G isolates were significantly underrepresented in cervical cancer in East Asia (odds ratio (OR)=0.02 vs EUR-350T; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.00-0.37) and Europe/Central Asia (OR=0.42; 95% CI=0.27-0.64), whereas the opposite was true in South/Central America (OR=4.69; 95% CI=2.07-10.66). CONCLUSION We observed that the distribution of HPV16 variants worldwide, and their relative risks for cervical cancer appear to be population-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Cornet
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
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18
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Sichero L, Simão Sobrinho J, Lina Villa L. Oncogenic potential diverge among human papillomavirus type 16 natural variants. Virology 2012; 432:127-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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19
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Sabol I, Matovina M, Si-Mohamed A, Grce M. Characterization and whole genome analysis of human papillomavirus type 16 e1-1374^63nt variants. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41045. [PMID: 22911739 PMCID: PMC3404080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variation of the most common Human papillomavirus (HPV) type found in cervical cancer, the HPV16, has been extensively investigated in almost all viral genes. The E1 gene variation, however, has been rarely studied. The main objective of the present investigation was to analyze the variability of the E6 and E1 genes, focusing on the recently identified E1-1374^63nt variant. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Variation within the E6 of 786 HPV16 positive cervical samples was analyzed using high-resolution melting, while the E1-1374^63nt duplication was assayed by PCR. Both techniques were supplemented with sequencing. The E1-1374^63nt duplication was linked with the E-G350 and the E-C109/G350 variants. In comparison to the referent HPV16, the E1-1374^63nt E-G350 variant was significantly associated with lower grade cervical lesions (p = 0.029), while the E1-1374^63nt E-C109/G350 variant was equally distributed between high and low grade lesions. The E1-1374^63nt variants were phylogenetically closest to E-G350 variant lineage (A2 sub-lineage based on full genome classification). The major differences between E1-1374^63nt variants were within the LCR and the E6 region. On the other hand, changes within the E1 region were the major differences from the A2 sub-lineage, which has been historically but inconclusively associated with high grade cervical disease. Thus, the shared variations cannot explain the particular association of the E1-1374^63nt variant with lower grade cervical lesions. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The E1 region has been thus far considered to be well conserved among all HPVs and therefore uninteresting for variability studies. However, this study shows that the variations within the E1 region could possibly affect cervical disease, since the E1-1374^63nt E-G350 variant is significantly associated with lower grade cervical lesions, in comparison to the A1 and A2 sub-lineage variants. Furthermore, it appears that the silent variation 109T>C of the E-C109/G350 variant might have a significant role in the viral life cycle and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sabol
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihaela Matovina
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ali Si-Mohamed
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Magdalena Grce
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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20
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Xi LF, Schiffman M, Koutsky LA, He Z, Winer RL, Hulbert A, Lee SK, Ke Y, Kiviat NB. Persistence of newly detected human papillomavirus type 31 infection, stratified by variant lineage. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:549-55. [PMID: 22729840 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Variants of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 31 have been shown to be related both to risk of cervical lesions and racial composition of a population. It is largely undetermined whether variants differ in their likelihood of persistence. Study subjects were women who participated in the ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study and who had a newly detected HPV31 infection during a two-year follow-up with six-month intervals. HPV31 isolates were characterized by sequencing and assigned to one of three variant lineages. Loss of the newly detected HPV31 infection was detected in 76 (47.5%) of the 160 women (32/67 with A variants, 16/27 with B variants and 28/66 with C variants). The adjusted hazard ratio associating loss of the infection was 1.2 (95% CI, 0.7-2.1) for women with A variants and 2.1 (95% CI, 1.2-3.5) for women with B variants when compared with those with C variants. Infections with A and C variants were detected in 50 and 41 Caucasian women and in 15 and 23 African-American women, respectively. The likelihood of clearance of the infection was significantly lower in African-American women with C variants than in African-American women with A variants (p = 0.05). There was no difference in the likelihood of clearance between A and C variants among Caucasian women. Our data indicated that infections with B variants were more likely to resolve than those with C variants. The difference in clearance of A vs. C variants in African-Americans, but not in Caucasians, suggests a possibility of the race-related influence in retaining the variant-specific infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Fu Xi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
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21
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Akogbe GO, Ajidahun A, Sirak B, Anic GM, Papenfuss MR, Fulp WJ, Lin HY, Abrahamsen M, Villa LL, Lazcano-Ponce E, Quiterio M, Smith D, Schabath MB, Salmeron J, Giuliano AR. Race and prevalence of human papillomavirus infection among men residing in Brazil, Mexico and the United States. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:E282-91. [PMID: 22161806 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes anal, penile and oropharyngeal cancers in men. Genital HPV prevalence in men appears to vary by world region with men residing in Asia having among the lowest prevalence. Unfortunately, there is little information on prevalence of HPV infection in men by race. The purpose of this study was to examine HPV prevalence by race across three countries. 3,909 men ages 18-70 years enrolled in an ongoing prospective cohort study of the natural history of HPV in men (The HIM Study) were included in the analysis. Participants completed risk factor questionnaires and samples were taken from the penile epithelium and scrotum for HPV detection. HPV testing of the combined DNA extract was conducted using PCR and genotyping. Asian/Pacific Islanders had the lowest HPV prevalence of 42.2% compared to Blacks (66.2%), and Whites (71.5%). The Asian/Pacific Islander race was strongly protective in univariate analysis (prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48-0.74) and multivariate analysis for any HPV infection (PR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.52-0.8). Stratified analysis by lifetime number of female partners also showed strong inverse associations with the Asian/Pacific Islander race. We consistently observed the lowest prevalence of HPV infection among Asian/Pacific Islanders with moderate inverse associations even after various adjustments for potential confounding factors. Unmeasured behavioral factors, sexual mixing with low risk women, and/or race-specific differences in the frequency of germline variations among immune regulating genes may underlie these associations. Further studies among Asian populations that incorporate measures of immuno-genetics are needed to understand this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel O Akogbe
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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22
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New variants of E6 and E7 oncogenes of human papillomavirus type 31 identified in Northeastern Brazil. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 123:284-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Cento V, Rahmatalla N, Ciccozzi M, Perno CF, Ciotti M. Intratype variations of HPV 31 and 58 in Italian women with abnormal cervical cytology. J Med Virol 2011; 83:1752-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Shang Q, Wang Y, Fang Y, Wei L, Chen S, Sun Y, Li B, Zhang F, Gu H. Human papillomavirus type 16 variant analysis of E6, E7, and L1 [corrected] genes and long control region in [corrected] cervical carcinomas in patients in northeast China. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:2656-63. [PMID: 21593270 PMCID: PMC3147813 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02203-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) plays a cardinal role in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. HPV 16 has intratypic variants which show different geographical distributions and different oncogenic potentials. To analyze the presence of sequence variations of HPV 16 variants in northeast China, 71 cervical carcinomas were identified by HPV typing. HPV 16-positive specimens were analyzed by PCR-directed sequencing in the E6, E7, and L1 genes and the LCR (long control region). The variation data were compared with those of neighboring districts. In this hospital-based study, HPV 16 was the most common type (73.24%). In HPV 16-positive specimens, 67.31% belonged to the European (E) lineage, while 32.69% were Asian (As) variants. The Asian-American (AA), African-1 (Af-1), African-2 (Af-2), and northern American (NA) lineages were not detected. The most frequently observed variation sites were T178G (32.69%) in E6; A647G (34.62%), G666A (38.46%), and T846C (32.69%) in E7; C6826T (36.17%) and G7060A (61.70%) in L1; and G7521A (98.08%) in the LCR. The most prevalent amino acid variations were D25E in E6 and N29S in E7. In addition, 28 novel variations of HPV 16 were reported. Some covariations between different genes were obtained. In this study, HPV 16 variants belonged to the European lineage and the Asian lineage. Compared with neighboring districts, the distribution of HPV 16 variants in northeast China had a typical pattern. As the first report on HPV 16 variants in northeast China, it should be helpful for designing a HPV vaccine and HPV vaccination program in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Shang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Heilongjiang Province, Pathogenic-Biological Key Laboratory, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Heilongjiang Province, Pathogenic-Biological Key Laboratory, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Heilongjiang Province, Pathogenic-Biological Key Laboratory, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Heilongjiang Province, Pathogenic-Biological Key Laboratory, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Heilongjiang Province, Pathogenic-Biological Key Laboratory, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Sun
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, and Bio-pharmacological Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Heilongjiang Province, Pathogenic-Biological Key Laboratory, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxi Gu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Heilongjiang Province, Pathogenic-Biological Key Laboratory, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
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Zehbe I, Lichtig H, Westerback A, Lambert PF, Tommasino M, Sherman L. Rare human papillomavirus 16 E6 variants reveal significant oncogenic potential. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:77. [PMID: 21702904 PMCID: PMC3144020 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether low prevalence human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6 variants differ from high prevalence types in their functional abilities. We evaluated functions relevant to carcinogenesis for the rarely-detected European variants R8Q, R10G and R48W as compared to the commonly detected L83V. Human immortalized keratinocytes (NIKS) stably transduced with the E6 variants were used in most functional assays. Low and high prevalence E6 variants displayed similar abilities in abrogation of growth arrest and inhibition of p53 elevation induced by actinomycin D. Differences were detected in the abilities to dysregulate stratification and differentiation of NIKS in organotypic raft cultures, modulate detachment induced apoptosis (anoikis) and hyperactivate Wnt signaling. No distinctive phenotype could be assigned to include all rare variants. Like L83V, raft cultures derived from variants R10G and R48W similarly induced hyperplasia and aberrantly expressed keratin 5 in the suprabasal compartment with significantly lower expression of keratin 10. Unlike L83V, both variants, and particularly R48W, induced increased levels of anoikis upon suspension in semisolid medium. R8Q induced a unique phenotype characterized by thin organotypic raft cultures, low expression of keratin 10, and high expression of keratins 5 and 14 throughout all raft layers. Interestingly, in a reporter based assay R8Q exhibited a higher ability to augment TCF/β-catenin transcription. The data suggests that differences in E6 variant prevalence in cervical carcinoma may not be related to the carcinogenic potential of the E6 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Zehbe
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Probe Development & Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Gheit T, Cornet I, Clifford GM, Iftner T, Munk C, Tommasino M, Kjaer SK. Risks for persistence and progression by human papillomavirus type 16 variant lineages among a population-based sample of Danish women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:1315-21. [PMID: 21527576 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about factors determining HPV16 persistence and progression, but several studies have suggested that genetic variants may play a role. METHODS HPV16-positive women with normal cytology in a large Danish cohort were reassessed for HPV16 status at 2 years and followed-up for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 or worse (CIN3+) over 11 years through linkage with a national pathology database. Relative risks for clearance, persistence, and progression were compared with different HPV16 variant lineages based upon E6 gene sequencing. RESULTS Sixty-two (23.7%) of 261 HPV16 infections were persistent at 2 years, and 32 (51.6%) persistent infections progressed to CIN3+. The majority of baseline infections belonged to the European lineage (97.3%), with EUR-350T and EUR-350G accounting for 61.3% and 36.0% of infections, respectively. At two years, the proportion of HPV16 infections that persisted was significantly higher for EUR-350T (28.2%) than EUR-350G (15.9%) variants (odds ratio = 2.06, 95% CI, 1.04-4.25). This increased risk for persistence was consistent both in the absence (OR = 2.16, 95% CI, 0.84-6.26) or presence (OR = 1.89, 95% CI, 0.76-5.15) of progression to CIN3+. Among persistent HPV16 infections, there was no significant difference in risk of progression to CIN3+ between EUR-350T and EUR-350G sub-lineages, which were both associated with a substantial absolute risk (>50%) of CIN3+. CONCLUSIONS Significant differences in risk for persistence exist between the HPV16 variants that predominate in Europe. IMPACT Understanding the genetic basis of HPV16 persistence and carcinogenicity may help unravel important interactions between HPV16 and the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Genetic Diversity of HPV-16E6,E7, andL1Genes in Women With Cervical Lesions in Liaoning Province, China. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2011; 21:551-8. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0b013e3182112023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionHigh-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) play a cardinal role in the etiology of cervical cancer. The most prevalent type, HPV-16, shows intratypic sequence variants that are known to differ in oncogenic potential and geographic distribution. Intratype variations in oncogenic E6/E7 and capsid L1 proteins of HPV-16 are associated with risk of viral persistence and progression.MethodsThis study was designed to analyze sequence variations inE6,E7, andL1genes of HPV-16 in patients with cervical lesion to identify the most prevalent and novel HPV-16 variants in northern China.ResultsOur results showed that HPV-16 variants with respect to E6 and E7 were high prevalence of the Asian lineage: 48.3% and 51.4%, respectively. Sequences of theE6gene revealed 4 amino acid changes of variants D25E and L83V, with 48.3% (69/143) and 11.2% (16/143), respectively, and variants H78Y and E113D in this study. The results also showed the prevalence of 4 hot spots of E7 nucleotide variations leading to N29H, N29S, and 2 silent variations, nucleotide G666A and nucleotide T846C, with 4.2% (6/142), 43% (61/142), 32.4% (46/142), and 43% (61/142), respectively. The following L1 variations were found in this study: L103F, P104K, P104Y, P104S, D105G, P106S, N108P, F109V, C172S, H228D, and T292A. It was also found that 448S was inserted and 465D was deleted in the L1 amino acid sequences of all the samples. No significant relationship between HPV-16 variants and high-grade lesions was found.ConclusionsThe study provides some new data on the genetic diversity of HPV-16, which may help to understand the oncogenic potential of the virus and design the diagnosis reagents and vaccine of HPV in China. Furthermore, in-depth studies are needed to determine the clinical and biological effects of these variants.
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Heusinkveld M, Welters MJP, van Poelgeest MIE, van der Hulst JM, Melief CJM, Fleuren GJJ, Kenter GG, van der Burg SH. The detection of circulating human papillomavirus-specific T cells is associated with improved survival of patients with deeply infiltrating tumors. Int J Cancer 2010; 128:379-89. [PMID: 20473854 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A detailed analyses of HPV-specific immunity was performed in a large group of patients with HPV-induced cervical cancer (CxCa) in relation to HLA-types and prognostic factors. Patients were HLA-typed and HPV16/18-specific T-cell immunity was assessed by proliferation assay and cytometric bead array using freshly isolated PBMC and by phenotypic analysis of HPV-specific T cells. The results were analyzed in relation to known disease-related HLA-types (DR7, DR13, DR15/DQ06), invasion-depth and size of tumor, lymph node (LN) status and disease free survival. In total 119 HLA-typed patients with CxCa were analyzed. Patients expressing the HLA-DR13 haplotype were underrepresented as compared to the Dutch population (p = 0.014), whereas HLA-DR7 was overrepresented in patients with HPV16+ CxCa (p = 0.006). In 29 of 94 patients (31%) from whom blood could be tested, a proliferative response to HPV16/18 was detected, which was associated with increased numbers of HPV-specific CD4+CD25+ (activated) T cells (p = 0.03) and HPV-specific CD4+CD25+FoxP3-positive T cells (p = 0.04). The presence of both FoxP3-positive and negative HPV-specific CD4+CD25+ T cells was significantly correlated (p = 0.01). Interestingly, the detection of HPV-specific proliferation was associated with invasion depth (p = 0.020) but not with HLA type, tumor size nor LN status. Moreover, the detection of HPV-specific immunity was associated with an improved disease free survival (p = 0.04) in patients with deeply infiltrating tumors. In conclusion, HPV-specific proliferative T-cell response, comprising higher percentages of HPV-specific CD25+ and CD25+FoxP3-positive CD4+T cells, are more frequently detected in patients with deep infiltrating CxCa tumors and associated with an improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moniek Heusinkveld
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Sabol I, Cretnik M, Hadzisejdić I, Si-Mohamed A, Matovina M, Grahovac B, Levanat S, Grce M. A new approach for the evaluation of the human papillomavirus type 16 variability with high resolution melting analysis. J Virol Methods 2009; 162:142-7. [PMID: 19664661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the variability of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 are based mostly on DNA sequencing of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7. In order to simplify variant identification, high resolution melting (HRM) analysis, which has been shown to distinguish amplicons differing in a single nucleotide, was employed. Optimised HRM analysis was applied to 255 anogenital samples positive for HPV 16. The E6/E7 region of the HPV 16 genome was amplified using nested PCR with subsequent melting of the amplicons. Samples giving ambiguous melting profiles were melted again in the presence of reference HPV 16 DNA to define and confirm the novel melting profiles. Out of 219 samples of Croatian origin, 65 reference variants, 119 E6-360G variants and 35 novel melting profiles were found. Samples containing unusual profiles were sequenced for identification. In addition, a subset of samples with two common variants, 23 reference and 34 E6-350G variants, was also sequenced to confirm the findings of high resolution melting. Concordance between the melting analysis and sequencing was 93.9%, while HRM sensitivity and specificity were 92.9% and 94.7%, respectively. This study showed that HRM analysis can be useful for the identification of HPV 16 variants. The HRM method will be useful in low resource settings as it saves considerable time and resources compared to sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sabol
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Bacteriology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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30
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Pillai MR, Hariharan R, Babu JM, Lakshmi S, Chiplunkar SV, Patkar M, Tongaonkar H, Dinshaw K, Jayshree RS, Reddy BKM, Siddiqui M, Roychoudury S, Saha B, Abraham P, Gnanamony M, Peedicayil A, Subhashini J, Ram TS, Dey B, Sharma C, Jain SK, Singh N. Molecular variants of HPV-16 associated with cervical cancer in Indian population. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:91-103. [PMID: 19358280 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human papilloma virus is a causative factor in the etiology of cervical cancer with HPV16 being the most prevalent genotype associated with it. Intratype variations in oncogenic E6/E7 and capsid L1 proteins of HPV 16 besides being of phylogenetic importance, are associated with risk of viral persistence and progression. The objective of this multicentric study was to identify HPV-16 E6, E7 and L1 variants prevalent in India and their possible biological effects. Squamous cell cervical cancer biopsies were collected from 6 centres in India and examined for the presence of HPV 16. Variants of HPV-16 were characterized by full length sequence analysis of L1, E6 and E7 genes in 412 samples. Similar distribution of the variants was seen from the different centres/regions, with the European variant E350G being the most prevalent (58%), followed by American Asian variant (11.4%). Fifty six changes were seen in E6 region, 31 being nonsynonymous. The most frequent being L83V (72.3%), Q14H (13.1%) and H78Y (12.1%). Twenty-nine alterations were seen in E7 region, with 12 being nonsynonymous. The most frequent being F57V (9%). L1 region showed 204 changes, of which 67 were nonsynonymous. The most frequent being 448insS (100%), and 465delD (100%), H228D (94%), T292A (85%). The identified variants some new and some already reported can disrupt pentamer formation, transcriptional regulation of the virus, L1 protein interface interaction, B and T cell epitopes, p53 degradation, and thus their distribution is important for development of HPV diagnostics, vaccine, and for therapeutic purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Pillai
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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de Araujo Souza PS, Sichero L, Maciag PC. HPV variants and HLA polymorphisms: the role of variability on the risk of cervical cancer. Future Oncol 2009; 5:359-70. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is linked to the development of cervical cancer, and several cofactors contribute to the risk of disease. Research on the intratypic variability of HPVs has defined variants that are associated with persistent infections and are potentially more oncogenic, translating to a higher risk of malignant disease. The genetic variability of the host also plays a role in the risk of cervical cancer, especially genes controlling the immune response, such as HLA class I and II. These highly polymorphic genes are important risk determinants of HPV persistence and disease progression. The interaction between host and viral factors is complex and needs to be further investigated, paving the way to better define the patients at the highest risk of developing malignant diseases linked to HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Savio de Araujo Souza
- Division of Cellular Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, R Andre Cavalcanti, 37–5o andar, 22231–090 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laura Sichero
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, R. João Julião, 245, 01323–903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Maciag
- Advaxis Inc., 675 US Highway 1, Suite 120, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
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Kohaar I, Hussain S, Thakur N, Tiwari P, Nasare V, Batra S, Singh V, Bhambani S, Das BC, Sarkar DP, Bharadwaj M. Association between human leukocyte antigen class II alleles and human papillomavirus-mediated cervical cancer in Indian women. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:222-9. [PMID: 19272325 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) II (DRB1 and DQB1) alleles with susceptibility to human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical precancer and cancer cases in a hospital-based case-control study in a northern Indian population. A total of 202 subjects, including 100 patients comprising 31 cervical precancer (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] 2/3) and 69 invasive cervical cancer cases, and 102 healthy controls participated in the study. Both patients and controls were screened for HPV infection using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR-based approach. Low-resolution PCR-sequence specific priming (PCR-SSP) was used to genotype HLA II (DRB1 and DQB1). Our results demonstrate that the DRB1*15 allele/DRB1*15-DQB1*06 haplotype may have a predisposition for HPV infection (p(c) < 0.05) or cervical cancer/precancer (p(c) < 0.05) development, whereas the DRB1*04 allele/DRB1*04-DQB1*03 haplotype might exhibit susceptibility to cervical precancerous lesions (p(c) < 0.05). The DRB1*13 allele/DRB1*13-DQB1*06 haplotype was strongly protective against risk to HPV infection (p(c) < 0.002) as well as cervical cancer (p(c) 0.01). Therefore, we have demonstrated that HLA DR-DQ polymorphisms are involved in genetic susceptibility to cervical cancer or HPV infection in a northern Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Kohaar
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICMR), I-7, Sector 39, Noida 201 301, India
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33
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Sabol I, Matovina M, Gasperov NM, Grce M. Identification of a novel human papillomavirus type 16 E1 gene variant with potentially reduced oncogenicity. J Med Virol 2008; 80:2134-40. [PMID: 19040290 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 genome has been studied extensively, although no study has focused on the E1 gene that is implicated in viral DNA replication. After analyzing the E1 region of HPV 16 genomes in 429 cervical samples, 11.2% were found to contain a 63 nucleotides duplication in this region. Sequence analysis of the E6 and the E7 regions has shown that all samples containing this duplication were related to E6-G350 variant of the HPV 16 (Chi square test, P = 0.0012). A comparison of cervical lesion severity of the examinees having regular or variant E1 genes has shown that the variant group had a significantly (Fischer's exact test, P = 0.0401) lower percentage of high grade disease cases, suggesting that this particular duplication might reduce the oncogenic potential of HPV 16, and also might clarify the differences of E6-G350 variant oncogenicity observed in European populations. Albeit, a decreased incidence of high grade cervical lesions can be linked to the prevalence of multiple HPV infection, the additional decrease of those cases with the variant E1 gene versus those without (10.5% and 18.6%, respectively) can only be ascribed to the effect of this particular HPV variant. Further research is needed to clarify the biology of these HPV 16 E1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sabol
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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de Araujo Souza PS, Maciag PC, Ribeiro KB, Petzl-Erler ML, Franco EL, Villa LL. Interaction between polymorphisms of the human leukocyte antigen and HPV-16 variants on the risk of invasive cervical cancer. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:246. [PMID: 18721466 PMCID: PMC2546426 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent infection with oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major risk factor for invasive cervical cancer (ICC), and non-European variants of HPV-16 are associated with an increased risk of persistence and ICC. HLA class II polymorphisms are also associated with genetic susceptibility to ICC. Our aim is to verify if these associations are influenced by HPV-16 variability. Methods We characterized HPV-16 variants by PCR in 107 ICC cases, which were typed for HLA-DQA1, DRB1 and DQB1 genes and compared to 257 controls. We measured the magnitude of associations by logistic regression analysis. Results European (E), Asian-American (AA) and African (Af) variants were identified. Here we show that inverse association between DQB1*05 (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39–1.12]) and HPV-16 positive ICC in our previous report was mostly attributable to AA variant carriers (OR = 0.27; 95%CI: 0.10–0.75). We observed similar proportions of HLA DRB1*1302 carriers in E-P positive cases and controls, but interestingly, this allele was not found in AA cases (p = 0.03, Fisher exact test). A positive association with DRB1*15 was observed in both groups of women harboring either E (OR = 2.99; 95% CI: 1.13–7.86) or AA variants (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.00–5.46). There was an inverse association between DRB1*04 and ICC among women with HPV-16 carrying the 350T [83L] single nucleotide polymorphism in the E6 gene (OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.08–0.96). An inverse association between DQB1*05 and cases carrying 350G (83V) variants was also found (OR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.15–0.89). Conclusion Our results suggest that the association between HLA polymorphism and risk of ICC might be influenced by the distribution of HPV-16 variants.
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Human papillomavirus type 16 variant analysis of E6, E7, and L1 genes and long control region in biopsy samples from cervical cancer patients in north India. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:1060-6. [PMID: 18199779 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02202-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), particularly HPV types 16 and 18 (HPV-16 and HPV-18, respectively), play a cardinal role in the etiology of cervical cancer. The most prevalent type, HPV-16, shows intratypic sequence variants that are known to differ in oncogenic potential and geographic distribution. This study was designed to analyze sequence variations in E6, E7, and L1 genes and the LCR (for long control region) of HPV-16 in cervical cancer patients to identify the most prevalent and novel HPV-16 variants and to correlate them with the severity of the disease. Cervical biopsies from 60 HPV-16-positive cancer cases were analyzed by PCR and DNA sequencing. The most frequently observed variations were T350G (100%) in E6, T789C (87.5%) in E7, A6695C (54.5%) in L1, and G7521A (91.1%) in the LCR. In addition, only one novel variant (T527A) in E6 and four new variants each in L1 (A6667C, A6691G, C6906T, and A6924C) and in the LCR (C13T, A7636C, C7678T, and G7799A) were identified. While E7 was found to be highly conserved, the variant 350G of E6 was the most prevalent in all of the histopathological grades. The majority of LCR variants were found at the YY1 transcription factor binding sites. Interestingly, a complete absence of the Asian lineage and a high prevalence of European lineages in E6, E7, L1, and the LCR (85, 86.7, 67.7, and 63.3%, respectively) indicate a possible epidemiological linkage between Europe and India with regard to the dissemination of HPV-16 infections in India.
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Xi LF, Koutsky LA, Hildesheim A, Galloway DA, Wheeler CM, Winer RL, Ho J, Kiviat NB. Risk for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia associated with variants of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16:4-10. [PMID: 17220325 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the variant lineages of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are well established, their individual associations with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) have not been extensively evaluated. METHODS Study subjects were women participating in the Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance/Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Triage Study who were positive for HPV16 or HPV18 at enrollment. These women were followed every 6 months for 2 years. Viral isolates from enrollment samples were characterized by DNA sequencing and classified as variant lineages. RESULTS Over a 2-year study period, CIN3 was histologically diagnosed in 291 of the 779 HPV16-positive women and 47 of the 275 HPV18-positive women. Among women without CIN2-3 at enrollment, the risk of subsequent CIN3 was 2.7-fold greater for those with HPV16 African-2 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.0-7.0] and 3.1-fold greater for those with HPV16 Asian American (95% CI, 1.6-6.0), compared with European variants. Relative to infection with HPV18 African variants, the risk associating subsequent CIN3 was 3.8 (95% CI, 0.9-17.2) for infection with HPV18 European variants and 4.8 (95% CI, 1.0-23.6) for infection with HPV18 Asian American variants. Similar associations were observed when the 2-year prevalence of CIN3 was used as the end point. Further, for those with HPV16 European variants, the 2-year prevalence of CIN3 was higher in White women than in African American women (P = 0.01); this trend was reversed for those with HPV16 African-1 variants (P = 0.22). A similar pattern was present for infections with HPV18 European versus African variants. CONCLUSIONS The lineages of HPV16 and HPV18 variants are associated with differing risks for high-grade CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Fu Xi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98103, USA.
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Paavonen J, Lehtinen M. Interactions between human papillomavirus and other sexually transmitted agents in the etiology of cervical cancer. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2007; 12:67-71. [PMID: 17035763 DOI: 10.1097/00001432-199902000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between human papillomavirus, notably type 16, and HIV in cervical carcinogenesis leads to persistent infection and cervical neoplasia by destruction of the afferent arm (Langerhans cells) of the host immune system. The joint effect takes place at the early stages of squamous intraepithelial lesions and has severe consequences if left untreated. The recent increase of cervical cancer mortality in young women in developed countries may well be a result of the HIV epidemic. Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis is associated with cervical squamous cell carcinoma but not with cervical adenocarcinoma, and the association remains after adjusting for human papillomavirus 16. Joint effects of C. trachomatis and the human papillomaviruses have not been studied at the population level but indirect evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that the interaction might be different (synergistic versus antagonistic) at different stages (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia versus invasive cervical cancer) of cervical carcino-genesis. Concomitant exposure to human papillomaviruses 6 or 11 and human papillomavirus type 16 has not been shown to result in excess risk of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. This antagonistic joint effect was also discovered between human papillomavirus types 18 and 16, as well as 33 and 16. Herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies are associated with a modest risk of cervical cancer, which is not surprising since the presence of herpes simplex virus antibodies reflects risk-taking sexual behaviour. However, no excess risk remains after adjustment for human papillomavirus type 16, and no interaction between these two viruses has been found in epidemiological studies. Evidence of interaction between human papillomavirus type 16 and the other members of the herpesvirus family is still at an experimental level and difficult to judge. Little progress has been made in the most promising experimental association between the oncogenic human papillomaviruses and adeno-associated viruses. In addition to the well established interaction between human papillomaviruses and HIV, intriguing interactions are emerging between the human papillomaviruses and C. trachomatis, as well as between the different human papillomavirus types.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Paavonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Sheu BC, Chang WC, Lin HH, Chow SN, Huang SC. Immune concept of human papillomaviruses and related antigens in local cancer milieu of human cervical neoplasia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2007; 33:103-13. [PMID: 17441881 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2007.00492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is presently the right time for clarifying human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cellular immunity and clinical implications before global HPV vaccination programs begin. Infection with oncogenic HPV associates with the progression of cervical neoplasia. Both cellular and humoral immune responses are essential for the clearance of HPV-associated cervical lesions. There is increasing evidence that the immune system plays a pivotal role in determining the outcome of HPV infection. Viruses and associated neoplastic cells are proposed to have evolved mechanisms to avoid immune attack. T-cell-mediated immune responses against oncogenic HPV are believed to play a central role in cervical carcinogenesis. The presence of HPV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in a majority of human cervical cancer patients provides an approach for further study of their functional role in modulating this malignancy. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) develop as manifestations of the recognition and defense against malignant cells by the host immune system. Cancer cells may overcome immune surveillance, either by downregulating the proliferation of HPV-specific CTL, or altering the effector compositions of immune cells against HPV infections. TIL in the tumor microenvironment can be functionally inhibited and lose the ability of clonal proliferation as a result of depressed expression of IL-2Ralpha. The upregulation of inhibitory signaling relates to the modulation of the virus- and/or tumor-specific immune responses. Alteration of host genetic susceptibility may also lead to abnormal immune response as a general genomic instability resulting from virus persistence. Induction of HPV-specific immune responses is anticipated as an intimate point for the treatment of cervical neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Ching Sheu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Sichero L, Ferreira S, Trottier H, Duarte-Franco E, Ferenczy A, Franco EL, Villa LL. High grade cervical lesions are caused preferentially by non-European variants of HPVs 16 and 18. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:1763-8. [PMID: 17230525 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The intratypic variability of HPVs 16 and 18 has been extensively studied and has been used as an important tool in epidemiological studies of viral transmission, persistence and progression to clinically relevant cervical lesions. Infections by non-European variants of HPVs 16 and 18 are associated with an increased risk for the development of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Our aim was to correlate the intratypic molecular variability of both HPV types and risk of persistent infection and lesion outcome in a cohort study conducted in Brazil. We characterized molecular variants of HPV types 16 and 18 by sequencing a fragment of the LCR, and of the E6 and L1 genes, for HPV-16 variants only. For both types, European variants composed the most prevalent and diverse group. Persistent infections with HPV-18 were associated with continuous detection of European variants. However, risk for simultaneous detection of HSIL and HPV DNA was higher in women harboring non-European variants of HPV-16. The same trend was observed with HSIL detected during follow-up. Our study confirms the association between non-European variants and risk of cervical neoplasia, and highlights the importance of their geographic distribution for cervical cancer risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sichero
- Department of Virology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chan PKS, Cheung TH, Lin CK, Siu SSN, Yim SF, Lo KWK, Cheung JLK, Tam AOY, Tang JW. Association Between HLA-DRB1 polymorphism, high-risk HPV infection and cervical neoplasia in southern Chinese. J Med Virol 2007; 79:970-6. [PMID: 17516530 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Multiple determinants are involved in the progression of human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected cervical lesion to invasive cancer. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphism seems to play a role. This study examined the association between HLA-DRB1 polymorphism, high-risk HPV infection, and the development of cervical neoplasia in southern Chinese. Three hundred and seventy women with cervical neoplasia (43 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II, 154 grade III, and 173 invasive cancers) and 323 controls were recruited for HLA-DRB1 typing by a sequence-based approach. Cervical specimens were collected for HPV detection by a consensus primer-based polymerase chain reaction, and with the type of HPV identified by hybridization with type-specific oligonucleotide probes. A protective effect of HLA-DRB1*12 for cervical neoplasia was observed, and with stronger associations when subgroup analyses were carried out for patients infected with HPV16 and HPV58. The protective effect of HLA-DRB1*13 that had been reported from other populations was not observed. The data obtained in this study showed that HLA-DRB1*03 conferred a higher risk for HPV18-infected, but not for HPV16-, HPV52-, or HPV58-infected cervical lesions. Although, HPV52 was reported as uncommon worldwide, it was found to be the second most prevalent type in the southern Chinese population. However, no additional risk association was observed when subgroup analyses were performed for HPV52-infected patients. The current study shows that, among southern Chinese, the outcome of HPV-infected cervical lesions is associated with HLA-DRB1 polymorphism. These associations often vary with the type of HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul K S Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
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Wu Y, Liu B, Lin W, Xu Y, Li L, Zhang Y, Chen S, Xu A. HPV16 E6 variants and HLA class II polymorphism among Chinese women with cervical cancer. J Med Virol 2007; 79:439-46. [PMID: 17311339 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infection with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) confers a high risk for the development of cervical cancer. Variants of this virus may interact differentially with host genetic factors, possibly affecting the disease pathogenesis. This study was designed to investigate the association between HPV16 E6 variants and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphism within a Chinese population. Peripheral blood from HPV16 positive Chinese women with cervical carcinoma, who had previously been tested for HPV16 E6 variants, was used for HLA class II typing. It was found that there was a significant positive association between DQB1*060101 allele and HPV16 As variant-positive cervical cancers (OR, 4.47; Pc=0.0018). A negative relationship was found between DRB1*150101-DQB1*0602 haplotype and decreased risk for HPV16 As variant-positive cervical cancers (OR=0.31; P=0.037). Similar tendency was observed for the haplotype DRB1*070101-DQB1*0201 with HPV16 As variant-positive cervical cancers (OR=0.16, P=0.024). Additionally, as for the HPV16 E6 prototype-positive cervical cancers, a significant positive association was found in DQB1*060101 allele (OR=5.95; P=0.002; Pc=0.036), and similar trends were observed for DQB1*030201 (OR=10.87, P<0.0001; Pc=0.0018), and DPB1*1301(OR=7.40, P=0.002; Pc=0.04). It was found that there was no significant association between DRB1-DQB1 haplotype and HPV16 prototype-positive cervical cancers. These data indicate that host genetic factors, such as HLA polymorphism, may determine the potential oncogenicity of the HPV16 E6 variant. The results suggest that a specific match between E6 variant proteins and HLA class II alleles may contribute to HPV16-related cervical carcinogenesis in a certain Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Asadurian Y, Kurilin H, Lichtig H, Jackman A, Gonen P, Tommasino M, Zehbe I, Sherman L. Activities of human papillomavirus 16 E6 natural variants in human keratinocytes. J Med Virol 2007; 79:1751-60. [PMID: 17854024 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations in the E6 oncogene have been associated with different risk for cancer progression. In the present study, the functional significance of human papillomavirus (HPV) polymorphism in the E6 oncogene was investigated. Ten HPV16 E6 variants containing amino acid substitutions in the N-terminal region of E6 were evaluated for different biological and biochemical activities in human keratinocytes, the target cells for HPV infection. Western blot analyses of primary foreskin human keratinocytes or immortalized human keratinocytes, stably transduced with the E6 variants, revealed reduced p53 and Bax levels in all E6 expressing cultures. The reduction induced by most E6 proteins was at similar levels and comparable to the reduction induced by the E6 prototype. The ability of the proteins to induce serum/calcium-differentiation resistant colonies in primary keratinocytes was more variable. Overall activities of the variants ranged between 0.24- and 2.18-fold of the E6 prototype activity. The I27R/L83V variant showed the lowest activity whereas the R8Q variant showed the highest activity. The L83V polymorphism previously associated with risk for cancer progression in some populations, showed significant activity, comparable to that of the E6 prototype, in reducing p53 and Bax levels. Furthermore, this variant showed enhancement in the ability to induce colonies resistant to serum/calcium-triggered differentiation, however, the difference from the prototype was not statistically significant. This, and augmentation of other described functions might result in differences in L83V pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Asadurian
- Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Gheit T, Simoes RT, Tommasino M, Donadi EA, Gonçalves MAG. HPV16 variants in squamous intraepithelial lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-negative and -positive Brazilian women. Viral Immunol 2006; 19:340-5. [PMID: 16817777 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2006.19.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) intratype variations in the development of cervical lesions in immunocompetent women, but few studies investigated HPV16 variants in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women. This is the first study in Brazil evaluating HPV16 variants in women with (n = 19) and without (n = 22) HIV infection, as well as cervical lesions. Although non-European variants presented an almost 3-fold increase (13.6% vs. 36.8%) among HIV-positive women, associations between HPV16 variants and HIV infection did not reach statistical significance (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.15). No associations were found between non-European variants and HSIL (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.41), although a significant association was observed between European variants and HSIL among HIV-negative women (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.01). In conclusion, in HIV-negative women the HPV16 European variants seem to influence the occurrence of HSIL, whereas in HIV-positive women, similar roles are atributted to both variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Wu Y, Liu B, Lin W, Xu Y, Li L, Zhang Y, Chen S, Lin Z, Xu A. Human leukocyte antigen class II alleles and risk of cervical cancer in China. Hum Immunol 2006; 68:192-200. [PMID: 17349874 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Revised: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles have been associated with an increased or decreased risk of developing cervical cancer through infection with oncogenic forms of human papillomavirus (HPV). To verify whether HLA class II allelic polymorphism is related to cervical cancer in China, 133 cervical cancers and 98 healthy controls were analyzed for HLA typing. Our results showed that DPB1*1301 allele frequency was significantly higher in the cervical cancers compared with healthy controls (OR, 3.793; p = 0.002; Pc = 0.04). A significant relationship was found between DRB1*150101-DQB1*0602 haplotype (OR, 0.180; p < 0.0001; Pc < 0.003), DRB1*070101-DQB1*0201 haplotype (OR, 0.110; p = 0.001; Pc = 0.03), and decreased risk for cervical cancer. Similar tendencies were observed for DRB1*150101-DQB1*0602 haplotype with HPV16 positive cervical cancers (OR, 0.182; p = 0.001; Pc = 0.021), and for DRB1*070101-DQB1*0201 haplotype (OR, 0.144; p =0.003; Pc = 0.063). These results indicate that HLA-DPB1*1301 may confer susceptibility to cervical cancer, and the haplotypes DRB1*150101-DQB1*0602 and DRB1*070101-DQB1*0201 may contribute to the resistance to the development of cervical cancer among Chinese women. The study suggests that specific HLA class II alleles and haplotypes may influence the immune response to specific HPV-encoded epitopes and affect the risk of cervical cancer in a Chinese population from an area with a high incidence of this neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Xi LF, Kiviat NB, Hildesheim A, Galloway DA, Wheeler CM, Ho J, Koutsky LA. Human Papillomavirus Type 16 and 18 Variants: Race-Related Distribution and Persistence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 98:1045-52. [PMID: 16882941 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djj297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analogous to the geographic distribution of variants of human papillomavirus (HPV) types, the distribution and persistence of these variants among infected individuals may be related to the racial composition of a population living in one geographic region. METHODS We studied 1114 women in the United States participating in the Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance/Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Triage Study who were positive for HPV16 and/or HPV18 at enrollment. Race was self-reported. HPV samples were characterized by sequencing the E6 gene and part of the long control region and classified as variants according to established lineages. Subjects were examined for HPV every 6 months for 2 years. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS HPV18 African variants were predominant in the 97 HPV18-infected African American women (i.e., 62 women or 63.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 53.5% to 73.4%), and European variants were common in the 168 HPV18-infected white women (i.e., 91 women or 54.2%, 95% CI = 46.3% to 61.9%). HPV16 African variants accounted for 43 (26.5%, 95% CI = 19.9% to 34.0%) of the infections in the 162 HPV16-infected African American women but for only 25 (4.3%, 95% CI = 2.8% to 6.3%) in the 584 HPV16-infected white women. The likelihood of remaining HPV18 positive was statistically significantly higher in white women infected with European than in white women infected with African variants (P = .04); the reverse was observed in African American women (P = .03). A similar pattern was observed for persistence of HPV16 variants, with the likelihood of remaining positive being higher for white women, but lower for African American women, infected with an European variant than with an African variant (P = .03 and P = .16, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Variants of HPV16 and HPV18 appear to persist longer in a host whose race indicates an ancestral geographic distribution that was once shared with that of the variant-i.e., European variants persist longer in white women, and African variants persist longer in African American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Fu Xi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Sichero L, Villa LL. Epidemiological and functional implications of molecular variants of human papillomavirus. Braz J Med Biol Res 2006; 39:707-17. [PMID: 16751975 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006000600002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus genomes are classified into molecular variants when they present more than 98% of similarity to the prototype sequence within the L1 gene. Comparative nucleotide sequence analyses of these viruses have elucidated some features of their phylogenetic relationship. In addition, human papillomavirus intratype variability has also been used as an important tool in epidemiological studies of viral transmission, persistence and progression to clinically relevant cervical lesions. Until the present, little has been published concerning the functional significance of molecular variants. It has been shown that nucleotide variability within the long control region leads to differences in the binding affinity of some cellular transcriptional factors and to the enhancement of the expression of E6 and E7 oncogenes. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro studies revealed differences in E6 and E7 biochemical and biological properties among molecular variants. Nevertheless, further correlation with additional functional information is needed to evaluate the significance of genome intratypic variability. These results are also important for the development of vaccines and to determine the extent to which immunization with L1 virus-like particles of one variant could induce antibodies that cross-neutralize other variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sichero
- Instituto Ludwig de Pesquisa sobre o Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Lichtig H, Algrisi M, Botzer LE, Abadi T, Verbitzky Y, Jackman A, Tommasino M, Zehbe I, Sherman L. HPV16 E6 natural variants exhibit different activities in functional assays relevant to the carcinogenic potential of E6. Virology 2006; 350:216-27. [PMID: 16519914 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Revised: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies have revealed natural amino acid variations within the human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 E6 oncoprotein. To address the functional significance of E6 polymorphisms, 10 HPV16 E6 variants isolated from cervical lesions of Swedish women were evaluated for their activities in different in vitro and in vivo assays relevant to the carcinogenic potential of E6. Small differences between E6 prototype and variants, and among variants, were observed in transient expression assays that assessed p53 degradation, Bax degradation, and inhibition of p53 transactivation. More variable levels of activities were exhibited by the E6 proteins in assays that evaluated binding to the E6-binding protein (E6BP) or the human discs large protein (hDlg). The E6 prototype expressed moderate to high activity in the above assays. The L83V polymorphism, previously associated with risk for cancer progression in some populations, expressed similar levels of activity as that of the E6 prototype in most functional assays. On the other hand, L83V displayed more efficient degradation of Bax and binding to E6BP, but lower binding to hDlg. Results of this study indicate that naturally occurring amino acid variations in HPV16 E6 can alter activities of the protein important for its carcinogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hava Lichtig
- Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel, and Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Regional Cancer Care Program, Ontario, Canada
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Wu Y, Chen Y, Li L, Yu G, He Y, Zhang Y. Analysis of mutations in the E6/E7 oncogenes and L1 gene of human papillomavirus 16 cervical cancer isolates from China. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:1181-1188. [PMID: 16603519 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) has a number of intratypic variants; each has a different geographical distribution and some are associated with enhanced oncogenic potential. Cervical samples were collected from 223 cervical cancer patients and from 196 age-matched control subjects in China. DNA samples were amplified by using primers specific for the E6, E7 and partial L1 regions. Products were sequenced and analysed. It was found by using a PCR-sequence-based typing method that HPV infection rates in China were 92.8 % in cervical cancer patients and 15.8 % in healthy controls. HPV16 was detected in 70.4 % of cervical cancer patients and in 6.1 % of controls. In HPV16-positive cervical cancers, 23.6 % belonged to the prototype, 65.5 % were of the Asian variant, 5.5 % were of African type 1 and 3.6 % were European variants, whilst only one was a new variant that differed from any variant published so far. Prevalences of HPV16 E6 D25E and E113D variants were 67.3 and 9 %, respectively. In addition to D25E and E113D, the following E6 variations were found in this study: R129K, E89Q, S138C, H78Y, L83V and F69L. The results also showed that the prevalences of three hot spots of E7 nucleotide variation, N29S, S63F and a silent variation, nt T846C, were 70.2 % (33/47), 51.1 % (24/47) and 61.7 % (29/47), respectively. The following L1 variations were found in this study: S377A, K387E, E378D, K382E and T379P. It was also found that the average age of Asian variant-positive cervical cancer patients (42.98+/-10.43 years) was 7.56 years lower than that of prototype-positive patients (50.54+/-10.91). It is suggested that the high frequency of HPV16 Asian variants might contribute to the high incidence of cervical cancer in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering of MOE, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering of MOE, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Longyu Li
- Department of Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guifang Yu
- Department of Gynecology, People Hospital of Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering of MOE, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Bernard HU, Calleja-Macias IE, Dunn ST. Genome variation of human papillomavirus types: phylogenetic and medical implications. Int J Cancer 2006; 118:1071-6. [PMID: 16331617 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are described as "types" based on their genome sequences and identified by a number. For example, HPV-6 is associated with genital warts, and HPV-16 with anogenital cancers. The genomes of many HPV types have been reisolated, sequenced and compared to reference "prototypes" countless times by laboratories throughout the world. It was found that each HPV type occurs in the form of "variants", identified by about 2% nucleotide differences in most genes and 5% in less conserved regions. Less than 100 variants of any HPV type have been detected, a scenario that is very different from the quasi-species formed by many RNA viruses. The variants of each HPV type form phylogenetic trees, and variants from specific branches are often unique to specific ethnic groups. Immigrant populations contain, depending on their respective ethnic origins, mixtures of variants. The absence of HPV genomes intermediate to specific types show that all HPV types existed already when humans became a species. Consequently, humans had always suffered from lesions like anogenital cancer, genital warts and common warts. A growing number of epidemiological, etiological and molecular data suggest that variants of the same HPV type are biologically distinct and may confer differential pathogenic risks. Since the distribution of some variants of HPV-16 and 18 correlates with the distribution of human populations that have an increased risk to develop anogenital cancer, the study of HPV type variation may point to one of the reasons for the higher incidence rates of these lesions in specific cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Ulrich Bernard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Cardoso CS, Araújo HC, Cruz E, Afonso A, Mascarenhas C, Almeida S, Moutinho J, Lopes C, Medeiros R. Haemochromatosis gene (HFE) mutations in viral-associated neoplasia: Linkage to cervical cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 341:232-8. [PMID: 16414021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2005] [Accepted: 12/23/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the frequency of the two main HFE mutations (C282Y and H63D) in a randomly selected population of 346 individuals including 201 DNA samples from women with cervical neoplasia (including high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and invasive squamous cell carcinoma) and a control population of 146 women from the same geographical area. We found a significantly lower risk of development of cervical neoplasia in H63D carriers (OR = 0.56; 95% CI 0.35-0.92; p = 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirms this observation (OR = 0.55; 95% CI 0.35-0.88, p = 0.01). Regarding the C282Y mutation no association was found (OR = 1.32; 95% CI 0.53-3.33; p = 0.52). In addition, a significant difference between H63D carrier and non-carrier women on the time-to-onset of cervical lesions was observed (log-rank test: p = 0.0012). These results indicate that HFE could be considered a candidate modifier gene of viral-related neoplasia such as cervical carcinoma possibly by a dual role on iron metabolism and immunological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Cardoso
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Iron Genes and Immune System (IRIS), Porto, Portugal
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