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Sun M, Zhang H, Li G, Guy CJ, Wang X, Lu X, Gong F, Lee J, Hassed S, Li S. Molecular characterization of 20 small supernumerary marker chromosome cases using array comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10395. [PMID: 28871159 PMCID: PMC5583289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The variability of a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC)-related phenotype is determined by the molecular component, the size, and shape of the marker chromosome. As fluorescence in situ hybridization has limitations regarding the resolution, efficiency, and accuracy. Recently, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was used for sSMC characterization. In this study, twenty cases with sSMCs were characterized by aCGH and FISH. Chromosomal origin of the marker chromosomes were successfully identified in seventeen of them. For the three cases with negative aCGH results, two of them were more likely due to that the sSMCs only contained centromere heterochromatin, whereas the reason for the remaining case with negative aCGH finding was uncertain. In order to establish a stronger genotype-phenotype correlation for clinical service in the future and avoid miss characterization, more sSMC cases were needed to be detailed characterized. This will help to clarify the variable clinical characteristics of sSMCs and provide additional information to aid clinical service and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingran Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Anshan Hospital, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Anshan City, Liaoning, 114000, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Carrie J Guy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Xianfu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Xianglan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Fangchao Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin, 130000, China
| | - Jiyun Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Susan Hassed
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Abstract
Miscarriage is a very common occurrence in humans. This paper sets out to present published data on research that has provided increased understanding of pregnancy failure. Clarification of definitions, exploring the range of failures from preclinical to later pregnancy losses, and the scientific tools employed to find information on the losses have been documented. What is now understood, which tools work best, and the associated limitations are all discussed. Early studies used cytogenetic methods and tissue culture to obtain results. Improvements in laboratory tools such as better tissue culture incubators, inverted microscopes, laminar flow hoods, improvements in culture media, all contributed to obtaining more results for patients. These studies demonstrated the significant contribution of unbalanced chromosomal karyotypes to pregnancy failure. Maternal age as a contributing factor in trisomy was clearly demonstrated. First trimester miscarriage exhibits very high cytogenetic abnormality; in contrast to very low rates in later losses. Combining data across all time periods of pregnancy will affect the significance of chromosomal error in the early pregnancy failures. Cytogenetic methods investigate whole genomes, and are considered to represent the standard against which new methods must be validated. New molecular genetic methods provide the opportunity to examine samples without the necessity of tissue culture. Techniques may be site-specific or whole genome. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH), comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH), array-based CGH, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and quantitative fluorescent PCR (QF-PCR), have all been utilised. In comparison studies with classical/conventional cytogenetics, each newer method offers advantages and limitations. At the present time, a combined approach using conventional and molecular methods will elucidate the cause of miscarriage for almost all samples. In a clinical setting this would be optimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Hardy
- Cyto Labs Pty Ltd, Bentley, Western Australia
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Hengstschläger M, Bettelheim D, Drahonsky R, Deutinger J, Bernaschek G. Prenatal diagnosis of a de novo supernumerary marker derived from chromosome 16. Prenat Diagn 2001; 21:477-80. [PMID: 11438953 DOI: 10.1002/pd.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Marker chromosomes are supernumerary chromosomes of unknown origin and are seldom found in prenatal diagnosis. Application of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) allows the identification of the chromosomal origin of markers. Estimation of the risk of an abnormal phenotype outcome can be enabled by collecting data on phenotypes associated with markers of the same chromosomal origin. So far only very few cases of prenatal diagnosis of de novo supernumerary markers derived from chromosome 16 have been reported. Here the prenatal diagnosis of a de novo supernumerary marker chromosome 16 is described and the relevant literature discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hengstschläger
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Sanz R, Anabitarte MA, Querejeta ME, Lorda-Sanchez I, Ibañez MA, Rodríguez de Alba MR, Ayuso C, Ramos C. Rapid identification of a small dicentric supernumerary marker derived from chromosome 16 with a modified FISH technique on amniotic fluid. Prenat Diagn 2000; 20:63-5. [PMID: 10701855 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(200001)20:1<63::aid-pd741>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes are seldom found in prenatal diagnosis and the majority of them are difficult to identify. The only possibility to give a more precise prognosis is by establishing its origin. FISH is the best technique to identify the chromosomal origin, but in the majority of cases large amounts of chromosomal material are needed and this is time consuming. We have used a modification of the FISH technique that allows the hybridization of several probes on one slide. Using this method, we have identified the first de novo mosaic dicentric supernumerary marker derived from chromosome 16 (smaller than chromosome 21) in amniotic fluid. The gestation and the follow-up of the baby were normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sanz
- Department of Genetics, Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain.
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