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Mass Spectrometry of Esterified Cyclodextrins. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052001. [PMID: 36903247 PMCID: PMC10003902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides that have received special attention due to their cavity-based structural architecture that imbues them with outstanding properties, primarily related to their capacity to host various guest molecules, from low-molecular-mass compounds to polymers. Cyclodextrin derivatization has been always accompanied by the development of characterization methods, able to unfold complicated structures with increasing precision. One of the important leaps forward is represented by mass spectrometry techniques with soft ionization, mainly matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI). In this context, esterified cyclodextrins (ECDs) benefited also from the formidable input of structural knowledge, thus allowing the understanding of the structural impact of reaction parameters on the obtained products, especially for the ring-opening oligomerization of cyclic esters. The current review envisages the common mass spectrometry approaches such as direct MALDI MS or ESI MS analysis, hyphenated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and tandem mass spectrometry, employed for unraveling the structural features and particular processes associated with ECDs. Thus, the accurate description of complex architectures, advances in the gas phase fragmentation processes, assessment of secondary reactions, and reaction kinetics are discussed in addition to typical molecular mass measurements.
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Cyclodextrin-Oligocaprolactone Derivatives—Synthesis and Advanced Structural Characterization by MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071436. [PMID: 35406308 PMCID: PMC9003485 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins have previously been proven to be active in the catalysis of cyclic ester ring-opening reactions, hypothetically in a similar way to lipase-catalyzed reactions. However, the way they act remains unclear. Here, we focus on β-cyclodextrin’s involvement in the synthesis and characterization of β-cyclodextrin-oligocaprolactone (CDCL) products obtained via the organo-catalyzed ring-opening of ε-caprolactone. Previously, bulk or supercritical carbon dioxide polymerizations has led to inhomogeneous products. Our approach consists of solution polymerization (dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide) to obtain homogeneous CDCL derivatives with four monomer units on average. Oligomerization kinetics, performed by a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) optimized method in tandem with 1H NMR, revealed that monomer conversion occurs in two stages: first, the monomer is rapidly attached to the secondary OH groups of β-cyclodextrin and, secondly, the monomer conversion is slower with attachment to the primary OH groups. MALDI MS was further employed for the measurement of the ring-opening kinetics to establish the influence of the solvents as well as the effect of organocatalysts (4-dimethylaminopyridine and (–)-sparteine). Additionally, the mass spectrometry structural evaluation was further enhanced by fragmentation studies which confirmed the attachment of oligoesters to the cyclodextrin and the cleavage of dimethylformamide amide bonds during the ring-opening process.
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Kimura M, Honda C, Hamaguchi R, Kuroda Y, Tanimoto T, Terao K. The present state of studies on attractive and amphiphilic multi-functional methylated β-cyclodextrins and their purity measurements. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-019-00943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Szente L, Szemán J, Sohajda T. Analytical characterization of cyclodextrins: History, official methods and recommended new techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 130:347-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Przybylski C, Bonnet V, Cézard C. Probing the common alkali metal affinity of native and variously methylated β-cyclodextrins by combining electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry and molecular modeling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:19288-305. [PMID: 26138713 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02895g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the study herein, we investigated the solution and gas phase affinity of native and variously methylated β-cyclodextrins (CDs) as hosts towards three common alkali metals as guests namely lithium, sodium and potassium. For this purpose, two complementary approaches have been employed: electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) with two energetic regimes: Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) and Higher Collision Dissociation (HCD), respectively, and DFT molecular modeling. These approaches have been achieved by taking into account the interaction of either one or two alkali metals with the host molecules. The results showed a good agreement between experimental and theoretical data. It was demonstrated that increasing the methylation degree strengthened the gas phase affinity towards all studied alkali metals. Furthermore, it was established that the cation selectivity was Na(+) > Li(+) > K(+) and Li(+) > Na(+) > K(+) for the solution and gas phase, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Przybylski
- Université d'Evry-Val-d'Essonne, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, CNRS UMR 8587, Bâtiment Maupertuis, Bld F. Mitterrand, F-91025 Evry, France.
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Choisnard L, Gèze A, Vanhaverbeke C, Yaméogo JBG, Putaux JL, Brasme B, Jullien L, Boullanger S, Elfakir C, Wouessidjewe D. Physicochemical Characterization of α-, β-, and γ-Cyclodextrins Bioesterified with Decanoate Chains Used As Building Blocks of Colloidal Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3031-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm2006664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Choisnard
- DPM, UMR CNRS 5063, ICMG FR 2607, UFR of Pharmacy, University of Grenoble, France
| | - Annabelle Gèze
- DPM, UMR CNRS 5063, ICMG FR 2607, UFR of Pharmacy, University of Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile Vanhaverbeke
- DPM, UMR CNRS 5063, ICMG FR 2607, UFR of Pharmacy, University of Grenoble, France
| | - Josias B. G. Yaméogo
- DPM, UMR CNRS 5063, ICMG FR 2607, UFR of Pharmacy, University of Grenoble, France
- UFR/SDS, University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Bernard Brasme
- ICMG FR2607, UFR Chemistry, University of Grenoble, France
| | - Laure Jullien
- DCM, UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, UFR Chemistry, University of Grenoble, France
| | | | - Claire Elfakir
- ICOA, UMR CNRS 6005, FR 2708, UFR Sciences, University of Orléans, France
| | - Denis Wouessidjewe
- DPM, UMR CNRS 5063, ICMG FR 2607, UFR of Pharmacy, University of Grenoble, France
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Peptu C, Nicolescu A, Peptu CA, Harabagiu V, Simionescu BC, Kowalczuk M. Mass spectrometry characterization of 3-OH butyrated β-cyclodextrin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Bai F, Iacono LC, Johnston B, Stewart CF. Determination of Gefitinib in Plasma by Liquid Chromatography with a C12 Column and Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detection. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200029312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Bai
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis , Tennessee , 38105 , USA
| | - Lisa C. Iacono
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis , Tennessee , 38105 , USA
| | - Brad Johnston
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis , Tennessee , 38105 , USA
| | - Clinton F. Stewart
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis , Tennessee , 38105 , USA
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Hubert-Roux M, Ba OM, Skiba M, Lange CM. What structural information can ion trap mass spectrometry bring for the characterization of permethylated cyclodextrins? RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:1607-1610. [PMID: 18433089 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Characterisation of complex amphiphilic cyclodextrin mixtures by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1189:385-91. [PMID: 17981290 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It is established that amphiphilic beta-cyclodextrins chemically modified with alkyl chains on the secondary face exhibit self-organisation properties yielding stable nanospheres or nanoparticles. The ability of these promising colloidal drug carriers to encapsulate drugs being partly related to the internal structure of nanosystems, precise characterisation methods are required to control their synthesis procedure. The present work describes the development of complementary analytical methods based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RPLC) coupled to evaporative light-scattering detection (ELSD) and electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to characterize various beta-cyclodextrins enzymatically transesterified by vinyl-acyl fatty esters (the number of carbon atom in the acyl chain varying from 4 to 12). LC-ELSD has been used in a preliminary step to optimize the separation on a monolithic octadecylsiloxane-bonded silica stationary phase. A complex fingerprint was achieved for each mixture, revealing the presence of isomers unnoticed by the sole spectrometric (NMR and MS) techniques.
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update covering the period 1999-2000. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2006; 25:595-662. [PMID: 16642463 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and continues coverage of the field from the previous review published in 1999 (D. J. Harvey, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of carbohydrates, 1999, Mass Spectrom Rev, 18:349-451) for the period 1999-2000. As MALDI mass spectrometry is acquiring the status of a mature technique in this field, there has been a greater emphasis on applications rather than to method development as opposed to the previous review. The present review covers applications to plant-derived carbohydrates, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, mucins, glycosaminoglycans, bacterial glycolipids, glycosphingolipids, glycoglycerolipids and related compounds, and glycosides. Applications of MALDI mass spectrometry to the study of enzymes acting on carbohydrates (glycosyltransferases and glycosidases) and to the synthesis of carbohydrates, are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
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Szemán J, Csabai K, Kékesi K, Szente L, Varga G. Novel stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of cyclodextrin derivatives. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1116:76-82. [PMID: 16595137 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel stationary phases were prepared for separation of cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin derivatives by bonding substituted aromatic groups (phenyl and naphthyl) to the silica gel matrix. Both the electron-withdrawing (nitro) and the hydrogen-donor/acceptor (amide or carbamide) substituents of the phenyl group play essential role in the separation of cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin derivatives. On the basis of the comparison of experimental data obtained on different columns the N-(4-nitrophenyl)-carbamide group bonded silica gel stationary phase was selected as the most effective one for analysis of cyclodextrin derivatives. Improved separation potency was observed for hydroxypropylated, methylated and several other cyclodextrin derivatives compared with the previously and presently used stationary phases. Owing to the strong retention of cyclodextrins and its derivatives on the selected column, detection of their decomposition products was easily achieved. Determination of unsubstituted, natural cyclodextrin as an impurity in the cyclodextrin derivatives was implemented. Identification and characterization of cyclodextrin derivatives in industrial products could also be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Szemán
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research and Development Laboratory Ltd., P.O. Box 435, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary.
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Jacquet R, Favetta P, Elfakir C, Lafosse M. Characterization of a new methylated beta-cyclodextrin with a low degree of substitution by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography using evaporative light scattering detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1083:106-12. [PMID: 16078695 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new methylated beta-cyclodextrin with a low degree of substitution was characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with evaporative light scattering detection. Using alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid as the matrix and the thin layer method as the deposition procedure, MALDI-TOF-MS revealed that the mixture was composed of CDs bearing from 2 to 8 methyl groups with an average degree of substitution (DS) of 0.7 (i.e. 0.7 methyl groups per glucopyranose unit). Using a Purospher Star RP-18 endcapped column with acetonitrile-water mobile phase in gradient elution mode, HPLC was employed at analytical scale to obtain a chromatographic fingerprint of the crude mixture and at semi-preparative scale to fractionate it. MALDI-TOF-MS of these fractions revealed that the overall retention of the different derivatives, which depicts their polarity, was mainly driven by the DS and increased with the number of methyl groups on the CD moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Jacquet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UMR CNRS 6005, FR 2708, Université d'Orléans, UFR Sciences, BP 6759, rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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Jacquet R, Elfakir C, Lafosse M. Characterization of a new methylated Beta-cyclodextrin with a low degree of substitution by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:3097-102. [PMID: 16200651 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A new methylated beta-cyclodextrin (Me-beta-CD) with a low degree of substitution (DS) was characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and liquid chromatography coupled with ESI-MS (LC/ESI-MS). For ESI-MS analyses, the composition of the infused sample solution was optimized in order to obtain only singly charged ammoniated CDs without fragmentation. The DS value (i.e. the number of methyl groups per glucopyranose unit) was found to be 0.7, which was in accordance with the values previously obtained by other methods. The LC/ESI-MS analysis, derived from a method using evaporative light scattering detection, allowed the study of the substitution isomers of each derivative and appears to be an easy and rapid tool for the accurate characterization of Me-beta-CD mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Jacquet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UMR CNRS 6005, FR 2708, Université d'Orléans, UFR Sciences, BP 6759, rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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Weisse S, Perly B, Creminon C, Ouvrard-Baraton F, Djedai'Ni-Pilard F. Enhancement of vitamin A skin absorption by cyclodextrins. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(04)50009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Djedaïni-Pilard F, Nevers MC, Weisse S, Grassi J, Perly B, Créminon C. A sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassay for the detection of methyl ether derivatives of cyclomaltoheptaose. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:2091-9. [PMID: 14505876 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We have raised antibodies against two methylated derivatives of beta-CD, heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)cyclomaltoheptaose (Dimeb) and heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)cyclomaltoheptaose (Trimeb). These antibodies were used to develop two specific and sensitive enzyme immunoassays, presenting a detection limit close to 500 and 30 pg/mL for Trimeb and Dimeb, respectively. Cross reactivities of different linear and cyclic maltooligosaccharides were investigated, demonstrating a high specificity against the structural features of the secondary hydroxyls rim. Several commercial Dimeb samples, containing different mixtures of partially methylated beta-cyclodextrin derivatives including RAMEB, which contains only a few amount of pure Dimeb, could be easily evaluated by the Dimeb immunoassay. Both of these assays have been shown to allow accurate measurement in plasma and urine, thus appearing as useful tools for further applications in biological material.
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Momcilovic D, Wittgren B, Wahlund KG, Karlsson J, Brinkmalm G. Sample preparation effects in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry of partially depolymerised methyl cellulose. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2003; 17:1116-1124. [PMID: 12772266 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Methyl cellulose (MC) was partially depolymerised and the oligomers thus obtained were studied by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). The depolymerisation was either enzymatic or acidic. Fractions of enzymatically depolymerised MC were collected from size-exclusion chromatography and subjected to a sample preparation investigation. Several MALDI matrices and solvents were evaluated. The results showed that the solvent choice had a significant effect on the measured degree of substitution (DS). Aprotic solvents produced higher DS values, which was most likely due to poor solubility of species with low DS. The obtained signal intensity, however, did not correlate with the solubility but seemed to be more dependent on certain matrix/solvent combinations. All the matrices attempted produced mass spectra with sufficient signal intensity for accurate peak area calculation. The choice of matrix did not have any significant effect on the measured DS. Sample spots obtained from organic solvents had a more homogeneous distribution of the analyte and smaller crystals than those obtained from water. This increased both the reproducibility and peak resolution and in addition the analysis time was shorter. DS measurements were performed on two acidically depolymerised MCs with different nominal DS values. It was easy to distinguish between the two MCs, and the measured DS values agreed well with the values supplied by the manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane Momcilovic
- Division of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, PO Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Antonopoulos A, Bonnet P, Botek E, Debrun JL, Hakim B, Herbreteau B, Morin-Allory L. Study of the attachment of Na+ on glucose and on some of its methylated derivatives. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2003; 17:122-125. [PMID: 12512090 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of attachment of Na(+) on glucose, methyl-alpha-D-glucose, methyl-beta-D-glucose, 3-O-methylglucose, tetra-O-methylglucose, and also on galactose and methyl-beta-D-galactose, was studied. For this we measured the ion yields for the complex [sugar-Na(+)] formed by ionisation by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) and ionspray. These data were compared with the relative volatilities and hydrophobicities of the sugars, measured by evaporative light scattering and reversed-phase liquid chromatography, respectively. Some formation enthalpies for the complexes [sugar-Na(+)], starting from the sugar and the cation, were obtained by ab initio calculations. No simple correlations could be observed between the ion yields and the parameters studied, so that the cationisation mechanism of the sugars remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Antonopoulos
- ICOA, UMR-CNRS 6005, Université d'Orléans, BP 4759, France
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Salvador A, Herbreteau B, Dreux M, Karlsson A, Gyllenhaal O. Chiral supercritical fluid chromatography on porous graphitic carbon using commercial dimethyl beta-cyclodextrins as mobile phase additive. J Chromatogr A 2001; 929:101-12. [PMID: 11594391 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using dimethylated-beta-cyclodextrin mixtures (MeCD) as chiral selectors in CO2-polar modifier mobile phase and porous graphitic carbon as solid-phase, chiral supercritical (or subcritical) fluid chromatography was performed. The adsorbed quantity of MeCD onto the porous graphitic carbon (Hypercarb) was measured for various chiral selector concentrations using the breakthrough method with evaporative light scattering detector. The effects of MeCD concentration in the mobile phase, the nature of the polar modifier, the outlet pressure, the column temperature and the nature of the commercial MeCD mixture on the retention and the enantioselectivities were studied. For a given solute, the enantioselectivity is greatly dependent on the commercial MeCD mixture used. The retention mechanism was also studied. From the data, we find that the dominant mechanism for the chiral discrimination is the diastereoisomeric complexation in the mobile phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salvador
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UPRES A CNRS 6005, Université d'Orléans, France
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