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Hartl J, Friesen S, Johannsmann D, Buchner R, Hinderberger D, Blech M, Garidel P. Dipolar Interactions and Protein Hydration in Highly Concentrated Antibody Formulations. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:494-507. [PMID: 35073097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular interaction mechanisms in high-concentrated protein systems are of fundamental importance for the rational development of biopharmaceuticals such as monoclonal antibody (mAb) formulations. In such high-concentrated protein systems, the intermolecular distances between mAb molecules are reduced to the size of the protein diameter (approx. 10 nm). Thus, protein-protein interactions are more pronounced at high concentrations; so a direct extrapolation of physicochemical properties obtained from measurements at a low protein concentration of the corresponding properties at a high protein concentration is highly questionable. Besides the charge-charge interaction, the effects of molecular crowding, dipolar interaction, changes in protein hydration, and self-assembling tendency become more relevant. Here, protein hydration, protein dipole moment, and protein-protein interactions were studied in protein concentrations up to 200 mg/mL (= 1.3 mM) in different formulations for selected mAbs using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). These data are correlated with the second virial coefficient, A2, the diffusion interaction parameter, kD, the elastic shear modulus, G', and the dynamic viscosity, η. When large contributions of dipolar protein-protein interactions were observed, the tendency of self-assembling and an increase in solution viscosity were detected. These effects were examined using specific buffer conditions. Furthermore, different types of protein-water interactions were identified via DRS, whereby the effect of high protein concentration on protein hydration was investigated for different high-concentrated liquid formulations (HCLFs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Hartl
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sergej Friesen
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diethelm Johannsmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Richard Buchner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michaela Blech
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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Latypova L, Puzenko A, Poluektov Y, Anashkina A, Petrushanko I, Bogdanova A, Feldman Y. Hydration of methemoglobin studied by in silico modeling and dielectric spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:015101. [PMID: 34241395 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The hemoglobin concentration of 35 g/dl of human red blood cells is close to the solubility threshold. Using microwave dielectric spectroscopy, we have assessed the amount of water associated with hydration shells of methemoglobin as a function of its concentration in the presence or absence of ions. We estimated water-hemoglobin interactions to interpret the obtained data. Within the concentration range of 5-10 g/dl of methemoglobin, ions play an important role in defining the free-to-bound water ratio competing with hemoglobin to recruit water molecules for the hydration shell. At higher concentrations, hemoglobin is a major contributor to the recruitment of water to its hydration shell. Furthermore, the amount of bound water does not change as the hemoglobin concentration is increased from 15 to 30 g/dl, remaining at the level of ∼20% of the total intracellular water pool. The theoretical evaluation of the ratio of free and bound water for the hemoglobin concentration in the absence of ions corresponds with the experimental results and shows that the methemoglobin molecule binds about 1400 water molecules. These observations suggest that within the concentration range close to the physiological one, hemoglobin molecules are so close to each other that their hydration shells interact. In this case, the orientation of the hemoglobin molecules is most likely not stochastic, but rather supports partial neutralization of positive and negative charges at the protein surface. Furthermore, deformation of the red blood cell shape results in the rearrangement of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Latypova
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram 91904, Israel
| | - Alexander Puzenko
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram 91904, Israel
| | - Yuri Poluektov
- Engelhart Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Vavilov St. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Anashkina
- Engelhart Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Vavilov St. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Petrushanko
- Engelhart Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Vavilov St. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Bogdanova
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yuri Feldman
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram 91904, Israel
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Maruyama Y, Kamata H, Watanabe S, Kita R, Shinyashiki N, Yagihara S. Electric-field penetration depth and dielectric spectroscopy observations of human skin. Skin Res Technol 2019; 26:255-262. [PMID: 31556189 PMCID: PMC7079190 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background The dynamic behavior of water molecules remains an important subject for understanding human skin. The change in the dynamics of water molecules from those in bulk water can be effectively observed by dielectric spectroscopy. To study water in the human skin in vivo, non‐invasive and non‐destructive measurements are essential. Since many unknowns remain from previous research, in this report we employ a two‐layer dielectric model to evaluate the penetration depth of the electric field and use the results in measurements on human skin. Materials and Methods We used open‐ended coaxial probes with different diameters to perform time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements for an acetone‐Teflon double‐layer model and for human skin from various parts of the body. Results The electric‐field penetration depth obtained from model measurements increases with the increasing outer diameter of open‐ended coaxial electrodes. For skin measurements, the relaxation strength corresponding to the water content shows a clear dependence on the epidermal thickness of the measured body parts. Conclusion We determined the depth distribution of the water content of skin from results of dielectric measurements obtained using electrodes with various electric‐field penetration depths. We found exponential decays with the thickness of the epidermis of each body part for several examinees. This study suggests an effective method for detailed evaluations of human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Maruyama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hayato Kamata
- Graduate School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiei Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rio Kita
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Shinyashiki
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shin Yagihara
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
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Kundu SK, Yagihara S, Yoshida M, Shibayama M. Microwave Dielectric Study of an Oligomeric Electrolyte Gelator by Time Domain Reflectometry. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:10112-6. [PMID: 19572678 DOI: 10.1021/jp901043h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyamal Kumar Kundu
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tokai University, 1117 Kitakanane, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan, and Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Shin Yagihara
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tokai University, 1117 Kitakanane, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan, and Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshida
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tokai University, 1117 Kitakanane, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan, and Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibayama
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tokai University, 1117 Kitakanane, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan, and Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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Khodadadi S, Pawlus S, Sokolov AP. Influence of Hydration on Protein Dynamics: Combining Dielectric and Neutron Scattering Spectroscopy Data. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:14273-80. [PMID: 18942780 DOI: 10.1021/jp8059807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Khodadadi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, and Institute of Physics, Silesian University, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - S. Pawlus
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, and Institute of Physics, Silesian University, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - A. P. Sokolov
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, and Institute of Physics, Silesian University, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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Sun M, Pejanović S, Mijović J. Dynamics of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Solutions As Studied by Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy and Dynamic Mechanical Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma051596j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyun Sun
- Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six MetroTech Center, Brooklyn New York 11201, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia & Montenegro
| | - Srdjan Pejanović
- Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six MetroTech Center, Brooklyn New York 11201, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia & Montenegro
| | - Jovan Mijović
- Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six MetroTech Center, Brooklyn New York 11201, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia & Montenegro
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Miyazaki Y, Matsuo T, Suga H. Low-Temperature Heat Capacity and Glassy Behavior of Lysozyme Crystal†. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0007686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kumar S, Ma B, Tsai CJ, Wolfson H, Nussinov R. Folding funnels and conformational transitions via hinge-bending motions. Cell Biochem Biophys 1999; 31:141-64. [PMID: 10593256 DOI: 10.1007/bf02738169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this article we focus on presenting a broad range of examples illustrating low-energy transitions via hinge-bending motions. The examples are divided according to the type of hinge-bending involved; namely, motions involving fragments of the protein chains, hinge-bending motions involving protein domains, and hinge-bending motions between the covalently unconnected subunits. We further make a distinction between allosterically and nonallosterically regulated proteins. These transitions are discussed within the general framework of folding and binding funnels. We propose that the conformers manifesting such swiveling motions are not the outcome of "induced fit" binding mechanism; instead, molecules exist in an ensemble of conformations that are in equilibrium in solution. These ensembles, which populate the bottoms of the funnels, a priori contain both the "open" and the "closed" conformational isomers. Furthermore, we argue that there are no fundamental differences among the physical principles behind the folding and binding funnels. Hence, there is no basic difference between funnels depicting ensembles of conformers of single molecules with fragment, or domain motions, as compared to subunits in multimeric quaternary structures, also showing such conformational transitions. The difference relates only to the size and complexity of the system. The larger the system, the more complex its corresponding fused funnel(s). In particular, funnels associated with allosterically regulated proteins are expected to be more complicated, because allostery is frequently involved with movements between subunits, and consequently is often observed in multichain and multimolecular complexes. This review centers on the critical role played by flexibility and conformational fluctuations in enzyme activity. Internal motions that extend over different time scales and with different amplitudes are known to be essential for the catalytic cycle. The conformational change observed in enzyme-substrate complexes as compared to the unbound enzyme state, and in particular the hinge-bending motions observed in enzymes with two domains, have a substantial effect on the enzymatic catalytic activity. The examples we review span the lipolytic enzymes that are particularly interesting, owing to their activation at the water-oil interface; an allosterically controlled dehydrogenase (lactate dehydrogenase); a DNA methyltransferase, with a covalently-bound intermediate; large-scale flexible loop motions in a glycolytic enzyme (TIM); domain motion in PGK, an enzyme which is essential in most cells, both for ATP generation in aerobes and for fermentation in anaerobes; adenylate kinase, showing large conformational changes, owing to their need to shield their catalytic centers from water; a calcium-binding protein (calmodulin), involved in a wide range of cellular calcium-dependent signaling; diphtheria toxin, whose large domain motion has been shown to yield "domain swapping;" the hexameric glutamate dehydrogenase, which has been studied both in a thermophile and in a mesophile; an allosteric enzyme, showing subunit motion between the R and the T states (aspartate transcarbamoylase), and the historically well-studied lac repressor. Nonallosteric subunit transitions are also addressed, with some examples (aspartate receptor and BamHI endonuclease). Hence, using this enzyme-catalysis-centered discussion, we address energy funnel landscapes of large-scale conformational transitions, rather than the faster, quasi-harmonic, thermal fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Intramural Research Support Program-SAIC, Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Biology, NCI-FCRDC, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
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