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Savitskaya A, Masso-Silva J, Haddaoui I, Enany S. Exploring the arsenal of antimicrobial peptides: Mechanisms, diversity, and applications. Biochimie 2023; 214:216-227. [PMID: 37499896 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential for defence against pathogens in all living organisms and possessed activities against bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites and even cancer cells. AMPs are short peptides containing 12-100 amino acids conferring a net positive charge and an amphiphilic property in most cases. Although, anionic AMPs also exist. AMPs can be classified based on the types of secondary structures, charge, hydrophobicity, amino acid composition, length, etc. Their mechanism of action usually includes a membrane disruption process through pore formation (three different models have been described, barrel-stave, toroidal or carpet model) but AMPs can also penetrate and impair intracellular functions. Besides their activity against pathogens, they have also shown immunomodulatory properties in complex scenarios through many different interactions. The aim of this review to summarize knowledge about AMP's and discuss the potential application of AMPs as therapeutics, the challenges due to their limitations, including their susceptibility to degradation, the potential generation of AMP resistance, cost, etc. We also discuss the current FDA-approved drugs based on AMPs and strategies to circumvent natural AMPs' limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Savitskaya
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Jorge Masso-Silva
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine and Physiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Imen Haddaoui
- National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forestry, University of Carthage, LR Valorization of Unconventional Waters, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Shymaa Enany
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Biomedical Research Department, Armed Force College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.
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2
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Characterization and Differential Cytotoxicity of Gramicidin Nanoparticles Combined with Cationic Polymer or Lipid Bilayer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102053. [PMID: 36297488 PMCID: PMC9610547 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gramicidin (Gr) nanoparticles (NPs) and poly (diallyl dimethyl ammonium) chloride (PDDA) water dispersions were characterized and evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungus. Dynamic light scattering for sizing, zeta potential analysis, polydispersity, and colloidal stability over time characterized Gr NPs/PDDA dispersions, and plating and colony-forming units counting determined their microbicidal activity. Cell viabilities of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans in the presence of the combinations were reduced by 6, 7, and 7 logs, respectively, at 10 μM Gr/10 μg·mL−1 PDDA, 0.5 μM Gr/0. 5μg·mL−1 PDDA, and 0.5 μM Gr/0.5 μg·mL−1 PDDA, respectively. In comparison to individual Gr doses, the combinations reduced doses by half (S. aureus) and a quarter (C. albicans); in comparison to individual PDDA doses, the combinations reduced doses by 6 times (P. aeruginosa) and 10 times (C. albicans). Gr in supported or free cationic lipid bilayers reduced Gr activity against S. aureus due to reduced Gr access to the pathogen. Facile Gr NPs/PDDA disassembly favored access of each agent to the pathogen: PDDA suctioned the pathogen cell wall facilitating Gr insertion in the pathogen cell membrane. Gr NPs/PDDA differential cytotoxicity suggested the possibility of novel systemic uses for the combination.
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3
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Bellotto O, Semeraro S, Bandiera A, Tramer F, Pavan N, Marchesan S. Polymer Conjugates of Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) with d-Amino Acids (d-aa): State of the Art and Future Opportunities. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020446. [PMID: 35214178 PMCID: PMC8879212 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have enjoyed a renaissance, as the world is currently facing an emergency in terms of severe infections that evade antibiotics’ treatment. This is due to the increasing emergence and spread of resistance mechanisms. Covalent conjugation with polymers is an interesting strategy to modulate the pharmacokinetic profile of AMPs and enhance their biocompatibility profile. It can also be an effective approach to develop active coatings for medical implants and devices, and to avoid biofilm formation on their surface. In this concise review, we focus on the last 5 years’ progress in this area, pertaining in particular to AMPs that contain d-amino acids, as well as their role, and the advantages that may arise from their introduction into AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Bellotto
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (O.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Sabrina Semeraro
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (O.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Antonella Bandiera
- Life Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (F.T.)
| | - Federica Tramer
- Life Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (F.T.)
| | - Nicola Pavan
- Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (O.B.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Shanmugaraj B, Bulaon CJI, Malla A, Phoolcharoen W. Biotechnological Insights on the Expression and Production of Antimicrobial Peptides in Plants. Molecules 2021; 26:4032. [PMID: 34279372 PMCID: PMC8272150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant pathogens poses a serious critical threat to global public health and requires immediate action. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of short peptides ubiquitously found in all living forms, including plants, insects, mammals, microorganisms and play a significant role in host innate immune system. These peptides are considered as promising candidates to treat microbial infections due to its distinct advantages over conventional antibiotics. Given their potent broad spectrum of antimicrobial action, several AMPs are currently being evaluated in preclinical/clinical trials. However, large quantities of highly purified AMPs are vital for basic research and clinical settings which is still a major bottleneck hindering its application. This can be overcome by genetic engineering approaches to produce sufficient amount of diverse peptides in heterologous host systems. Recently plants are considered as potential alternatives to conventional protein production systems such as microbial and mammalian platforms due to their unique advantages such as rapidity, scalability and safety. In addition, AMPs can also be utilized for development of novel approaches for plant protection thereby increasing the crop yield. Hence, in order to provide a spotlight for the expression of AMP in plants for both clinical or agricultural use, the present review presents the importance of AMPs and efforts aimed at producing recombinant AMPs in plants for molecular farming and plant protection so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Joy I Bulaon
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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5
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Browne K, Chakraborty S, Chen R, Willcox MDP, Black DS, Walsh WR, Kumar N. A New Era of Antibiotics: The Clinical Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7047. [PMID: 32987946 PMCID: PMC7582481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a multifaceted crisis, imposing a serious threat to global health. The traditional antibiotic pipeline has been exhausted, prompting research into alternate antimicrobial strategies. Inspired by nature, antimicrobial peptides are rapidly gaining attention for their clinical potential as they present distinct advantages over traditional antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides are found in all forms of life and demonstrate a pivotal role in the innate immune system. Many antimicrobial peptides are evolutionarily conserved, with limited propensity for resistance. Additionally, chemical modifications to the peptide backbone can be used to improve biological activity and stability and reduce toxicity. This review details the therapeutic potential of peptide-based antimicrobials, as well as the challenges needed to overcome in order for clinical translation. We explore the proposed mechanisms of activity, design of synthetic biomimics, and how this novel class of antimicrobial compound may address the need for effective antibiotics. Finally, we discuss commercially available peptide-based antimicrobials and antimicrobial peptides in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Browne
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; (K.B.); (S.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Sudip Chakraborty
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; (K.B.); (S.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Renxun Chen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; (K.B.); (S.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Mark DP Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia;
| | - David StClair Black
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; (K.B.); (S.C.); (R.C.)
| | - William R Walsh
- Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (SORL), Prince of Wales Clinical School, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Randwick 2031, Australia;
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; (K.B.); (S.C.); (R.C.)
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Mercer DK, Torres MDT, Duay SS, Lovie E, Simpson L, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, de la Fuente-Nunez C, O'Neil DA, Angeles-Boza AM. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Antimicrobial Peptides to Better Predict Efficacy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:326. [PMID: 32733816 PMCID: PMC7358464 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the development of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) as potential therapeutics, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) stands as an essential part of the process in identification and optimisation of candidate AMP. Standard methods for AST, developed almost 60 years ago for testing conventional antibiotics, are not necessarily fit for purpose when it comes to determining the susceptibility of microorganisms to AMP. Without careful consideration of the parameters comprising AST there is a risk of failing to identify novel antimicrobials at a time when antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is leading the planet toward a post-antibiotic era. More physiologically/clinically relevant AST will allow better determination of the preclinical activity of drug candidates and allow the identification of lead compounds. An important consideration is the efficacy of AMP in biological matrices replicating sites of infection, e.g., blood/plasma/serum, lung bronchiolar lavage fluid/sputum, urine, biofilms, etc., as this will likely be more predictive of clinical efficacy. Additionally, specific AST for different target microorganisms may help to better predict efficacy of AMP in specific infections. In this manuscript, we describe what we believe are the key considerations for AST of AMP and hope that this information can better guide the preclinical development of AMP toward becoming a new generation of urgently needed antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo D. T. Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Institute for Computational Science, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Searle S. Duay
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Emma Lovie
- NovaBiotics Ltd, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Institute for Computational Science, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Alfredo M. Angeles-Boza
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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7
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Abstract
A polar head and an apolar tail chemically characterize surfactants, they show different properties and are categorized by different factors such as head charge and molecular weight. They work by reducing the surface tension between oil and water phases to facilitate the formation of one homogeneous mixture. In this respect, they represent unavoidable ingredients, their main application is in the production of detergents, one of if not the most important categories of cosmetics. Their role is very important, it should be remembered that it was precisely soaps and hygiene that defeated the main infectious diseases at the beginning of the last century. Due to their positive environmental impact, the potential uses of microbial sourced surfactants are actively investigated. These compounds are produced with different mechanisms by microorganisms in the aims to defend themselves from external threats, to improve the mobility in the environment, etc. In the cosmetic field, biosurfactants, restricted in the present work to those described above, can carry high advantages, in comparison to traditional surfactants, especially in the field of sustainable and safer approaches. Besiede this, costs still remain an obsatcle to their diffusion; in this regard, exploration of possible multifunctional actions could help to contain application costs. To highlight their features and possible multifunctional role, on the light of specific biological profiles yet underestimated, we have approached the present review work.
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Xin P, Zhao L, Mao L, Xu L, Hou S, Kong H, Fang H, Zhu H, Jiang T, Chen CP. Effect of charge status on the ion transport and antimicrobial activity of synthetic channels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13796-13799. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05730d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The charge status of channels formed by pillararene–gramicidin hybrid molecules has a significant impact on their trans-membrane transport properties, membrane-association abilities and antimicrobial activities.
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9
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Kuncha SK, Kruparani SP, Sankaranarayanan R. Chiral checkpoints during protein biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16535-16548. [PMID: 31591268 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.008166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein chains contain only l-amino acids, with the exception of the achiral glycine, making the chains homochiral. This homochirality is a prerequisite for proper protein folding and, hence, normal cellular function. The importance of d-amino acids as a component of the bacterial cell wall and their roles in neurotransmission in higher eukaryotes are well-established. However, the wider presence and the corresponding physiological roles of these specific amino acid stereoisomers have been appreciated only recently. Therefore, it is expected that enantiomeric fidelity has to be a key component of all of the steps in translation. Cells employ various molecular mechanisms for keeping d-amino acids away from the synthesis of nascent polypeptide chains. The major factors involved in this exclusion are aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), elongation factor thermo-unstable (EF-Tu), the ribosome, and d-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase (DTD). aaRS, EF-Tu, and the ribosome act as "chiral checkpoints" by preferentially binding to l-amino acids or l-aminoacyl-tRNAs, thereby excluding d-amino acids. Interestingly, DTD, which is conserved across all life forms, performs "chiral proofreading," as it removes d-amino acids erroneously added to tRNA. Here, we comprehensively review d-amino acids with respect to their occurrence and physiological roles, implications for chiral checkpoints required for translation fidelity, and potential use in synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Kuncha
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CCMB Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Shobha P Kruparani
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Rajan Sankaranarayanan
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
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10
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Zhao L, Bode HB. Production of a photohexapeptide library from entomopathogenic Photorhabdus asymbiotica PB68.1. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7858-7862. [PMID: 31403156 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01489f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new natural product compound library, photohexapeptide library, was identified from entomopathogenic Photorhabdus asymbiotica PB68.1 after the NRPS-encoding gene phpS was activated via promoter exchange. Peptide structures, including the absolute configurations of amino acids, were determined by using a combination of bioinformatics analysis and isotopic labelling experiments followed by detailed HPLC-MS analysis. Additionally, their structures were confirmed by chemical synthesis and NMR after preparative isolation. The chemical diversity of the photohexapeptides results from promiscuous adenylation domain specificity being an excellent example of how to create libraries in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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11
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Georgiou CD. Functional Properties of Amino Acid Side Chains as Biomarkers of Extraterrestrial Life. ASTROBIOLOGY 2018; 18:1479-1496. [PMID: 30129781 PMCID: PMC6211371 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study proposes to search our solar system (Mars, Enceladus, Europa) for patterns of organic molecules that are universally associated with biological functions and structures. The functions are primarily catalytic because life could only have originated within volume/space-constrained compartments containing chemical reactions catalyzed by certain polymers. The proposed molecular structures are specific groups in the side chains of amino acids with the highest catalytic propensities related to life on Earth, that is, those that most frequently participate as key catalytic groups in the active sites of enzymes such as imidazole, thiol, guanidinium, amide, and carboxyl. Alternatively, these or other catalytic groups can be searched for on non-amino-acid organic molecules, which can be tested for certain hydrolytic catalytic activities. The first scenario assumes that life may have originated in a similar manner as the terrestrial set of α-amino acids, while the second scenario does not set such a requirement. From the catalytic propensity perspective proposed in the first scenario, life must have invented amino acids with high catalytic propensity (His, Cys, Arg) in order to overcome, and be complemented by, the low catalytic propensity of the initially available abiogenic amino acids. The abiogenic and the metabolically invented amino acids with the lowest catalytic propensity can also serve as markers of extraterrestrial life when searching for patterns on the basis of the following functional propensities related to protein secondary/quaternary structure: (1) amino acids that are able to form α-helical intramembrane peptide domains, which can serve as primitive transporters in protocell membrane bilayers and catalysts of simple biochemical reactions; (2) amino acids that tend to accumulate in extremophile proteins of Earth and possibly extraterrestrial life. The catalytic/structural functional propensity approach offers a new perspective in the search for extraterrestrial life and could help unify previous amino acid-based approaches.
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12
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Bactericidal Potency and Extended Serum Life of Stereo-Chemically Engineered Peptides Against Mycobacterium. Int J Pept Res Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- I. W. Hamley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
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14
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Marshall GR, Ballante F. Limiting Assumptions in the Design of Peptidomimetics. Drug Dev Res 2017; 78:245-267. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garland R. Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri 63110
| | - Flavio Ballante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri 63110
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16
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Gramicidin A ion channel formation in model phospholipid bilayers tethered to gold (111) electrode surfaces. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Xin P, Sun Y, Kong H, Wang Y, Tan S, Guo J, Jiang T, Dong W, Chen CP. A unimolecular channel formed by dual helical peptide modified pillar[5]arene: correlating transmembrane transport properties with antimicrobial activity and haemolytic toxicity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11492-11495. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06697j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Five unimolecular channels with different lengths are presented. The varying length of these channels has significant impact on their transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyang Xin
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
| | - Yonghui Sun
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
| | - Huiyuan Kong
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
| | - Yaodong Wang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
| | - Si Tan
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
| | - Tao Jiang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
| | - Wenpei Dong
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
| | - Chang-Po Chen
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
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18
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Aminov R. History of antimicrobial drug discovery: Major classes and health impact. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 133:4-19. [PMID: 27720719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of antibiotics into clinical practice revolutionized the treatment and management of infectious diseases. Before the introduction of antibiotics, these diseases were the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in human populations. This review presents a brief history of discovery of the main antimicrobial classes (arsphenamines, β-lactams, sulphonamides, polypeptides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, amphenicols, lipopeptides, macrolides, oxazolidinones, glycopeptides, streptogramins, ansamycins, quinolones, and lincosamides) that have changed the landscape of contemporary medicine. Given within a historical timeline context, the review discusses how the introduction of certain antimicrobial classes affected the morbidity and mortality rates due to bacterial infectious diseases in human populations. Problems of resistance to antibiotics of different classes are also extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustam Aminov
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom.
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19
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Muhammad SA, Ali A, Naz A, Hassan A, Riaz N, Saeed-ul-Hassan S, Andleeb S, Barh D. A New Broad-Spectrum Peptide Antibiotic Produced by Bacillus brevis Strain MH9 Isolated from Margalla Hills of Islamabad, Pakistan. Int J Pept Res Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-015-9508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Sawant P, Eissenberger K, Karier L, Mascher T, Bramkamp M. A dynamin-like protein involved in bacterial cell membrane surveillance under environmental stress. Environ Microbiol 2015; 18:2705-20. [PMID: 26530236 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In ever-changing natural environments, bacteria are continuously challenged with numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. Accordingly, they have evolved both specific and more general mechanisms to counteract stress-induced damage and ensure survival. In the soil habitat of Bacillus subtilis, peptide antibiotics and bacteriophages are among the primary stressors that affect the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane. Dynamin-like proteins (DLPs) play a major role in eukaryotic membrane re-modelling processes, including antiviral activities, but the function of the corresponding bacterial homologues was so far poorly understood. Here, we report on the protective function of a bacterial DLP, DynA from B. subtilis. We provide evidence that DynA plays an important role in a membrane surveillance system that counteracts membrane pore formation provoked by antibiotics and phages. In unstressed cells, DynA is a highly dynamic membrane-associated protein. Upon membrane damage, DynA localizes into large and static assemblies, where DynA acts locally to counteract stress-induced pores, presumably by inducing lipid bilayer fusion and sealing membrane gaps. Thus, lack of DynA increases the sensitivity to antibiotic exposure and phage infection. Taken together, our work suggests that DynA, and potentially other bacterial DLPs, contribute to the innate immunity of bacteria against membrane stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Sawant
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kristina Eissenberger
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Laurence Karier
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thorsten Mascher
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Marc Bramkamp
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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21
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Barros-Barbosa AR, Lobo MG, Ferreirinha F, Correia-de-Sá P, Cordeiro JM. P2X7 receptor activation downmodulates Na(+)-dependent high-affinity GABA and glutamate transport into rat brain cortex synaptosomes. Neuroscience 2015; 306:74-90. [PMID: 26299340 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-dependent high-affinity amino-acid transporters play crucial roles in terminating synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS). However, there is lack of information about the mechanisms underlying the regulation of amino-acid transport by fast-acting neuromodulators, like ATP. Here, we investigated whether activation of the ATP-sensitive P2X7 receptor modulates Na(+)-dependent high-affinity γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate uptake into nerve terminals (synaptosomes) of the rat cerebral cortex. Radiolabeled neurotransmitter accumulation was evaluated by liquid scintillation spectrometry. The cell-permeant sodium-selective fluorescent indicator, SBFI-AM, was used to estimate Na(+) influx across plasma membrane. 2'(3')-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)ATP (BzATP, 3-300 μM), a prototypic P2X7 receptor agonist, concentration-dependently decreased [(3)H]GABA (14%) and [(14)C]glutamate (24%) uptake; BzATP decreased transport maximum velocity (Vmax) without affecting the Michaelis constant (Km) values. The selective P2X7 receptor antagonist, A-438079 (3 μM), prevented inhibition of [(3)H]GABA and [(14)C]glutamate uptake by BzATP (100 μM). The inhibitory effect of BzATP coincided with its ability to increase intracellular Na(+) and was mimicked by Na(+) ionophores, like gramicidin and monensin. Increases in intracellular Na(+) (with veratridine or ouabain) or substitution of extracellular Na(+) by N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG)(+) all decreased [(3)H]GABA and [(14)C]glutamate uptake and attenuated BzATP effects. Uptake inhibition by BzATP (100 μM) was also attenuated by calmidazolium, which selectively inhibits Na(+) currents through the P2X7 receptor pore. In conclusion, disruption of the Na(+) gradient by P2X7 receptor activation downmodulates high-affinity GABA and glutamate uptake into rat cortical synaptosomes. Interference with amino-acid transport efficacy may constitute a novel target for therapeutic management of cortical excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Barros-Barbosa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - M G Lobo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - F Ferreirinha
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - P Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
| | - J M Cordeiro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
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22
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Distribution, industrial applications, and enzymatic synthesis of d-amino acids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:3341-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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23
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Elaid S, Libersou S, Ouldali M, Morellet N, Desbat B, Alves ID, Lepault J, Bouaziz S. A peptide derived from the rotavirus outer capsid protein VP7 permeabilizes artificial membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:2026-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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24
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Zhou Q, Grundmann F, Kaiser M, Schiell M, Gaudriault S, Batzer A, Kurz M, Bode HB. Structure and biosynthesis of xenoamicins from entomopathogenic Xenorhabdus. Chemistry 2013; 19:16772-9. [PMID: 24203528 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
During the search for novel natural products from entomopathogenic Xenorhabdus doucetiae DSM17909 and X. mauleonii DSM17908 novel peptides named xenoamicins were identified in addition to the already known antibiotics xenocoumacin and xenorhabdin. Xenoamicins are acylated tridecadepsipeptides consisting of mainly hydrophobic amino acids. The main derivative xenoamicin A (1) was isolated from X. mauleonii DSM17908, and its structure elucidated by detailed 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Detailed MS experiments, also in combination with labeling experiments, confirmed the determined structure and allowed structure elucidation of additional derivatives. Moreover, the xenoamicin biosynthesis gene cluster was identified and analyzed in X. doucetiae DSM17909, and its participation in xenoamicin biosynthesis was confirmed by mutagenesis. Advanced Marfey's analysis of 1 showed that the absolute configuration of the amino acids is in agreement with the predicted stereochemistry deduced from the nonribosomal peptide synthetase XabABCD. Biological testing revealed activity of 1 against Plasmodium falciparum and other neglected tropical diseases but no antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqin Zhou
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
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25
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Maffioli SI. A Chemist's Survey of Different Antibiotic Classes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527659685.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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26
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Calcium homeostasis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires multiple transporters and modulates swarming motility. Cell Calcium 2013; 54:350-61. [PMID: 24074964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen causing severe acute and chronic infections. Earlier we have shown that calcium (Ca(2+)) induces P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and production of virulence factors. To enable further studies of the regulatory role of Ca(2+), we characterized Ca(2+) homeostasis in P. aeruginosa PAO1 cells. By using Ca(2+)-binding photoprotein aequorin, we determined that the concentration of free intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]in) is 0.14±0.05μM. In response to external Ca(2+), the [Ca(2+)]in quickly increased at least 13-fold followed by a multi-phase decline by up to 73%. Growth at elevated Ca(2+) modulated this response. Treatment with inhibitors known to affect Ca(2+) channels, monovalent cations gradient, or P-type and F-type ATPases impaired [Ca(2+)]in response, suggesting the importance of the corresponding mechanisms in Ca(2+) homeostasis. To identify Ca(2+) transporters maintaining this homeostasis, bioinformatic and LC-MS/MS-based membrane proteomic analyses were used. [Ca(2+)]in homeostasis was monitored for seven Ca(2+)-affected and eleven bioinformatically predicted transporters by using transposon insertion mutants. Disruption of P-type ATPases PA2435, PA3920, and ion exchanger PA2092 significantly impaired Ca(2+) homeostasis. The lack of PA3920 and vanadate treatment abolished Ca(2+)-induced swarming, suggesting the role of the P-type ATPase in regulating P. aeruginosa response to Ca(2+).
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Purkayastha N, Eyer K, Robinson T, Dittrich PS, Beck AK, Seebach D, Kolesinska B, Cadalbert R. Enantiomeric and Diastereoisomeric (Mixed)L/ D-Octaarginine Derivatives - A Simple Way of Modulating the Properties of Cell-Penetrating Peptides. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:1165-84. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Sayed N, Nonin-Lecomte S, Réty S, Felden B. Functional and structural insights of a Staphylococcus aureus apoptotic-like membrane peptide from a toxin-antitoxin module. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:43454-63. [PMID: 23129767 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.402693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a functional type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) module expressed by a human pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus. TA systems consist of stable toxins and labile antitoxins encoded within small genetic modules widespread in eubacteria and archaea. TA genes provide stress adaptation and protection against DNA loss or invasion. The genes encoding the SprA1 toxic peptide (PepA1) and the SprA1(AS) RNA antitoxin are within a pathogenicity island on opposite strands and possess a 3' overlap. To prevent peptide toxicity during S. aureus growth, PepA1 expression from stable (half-life > 3 h) SprA1 is repressed by elevated amounts of unstable (half-life = ∼10 mn) SprA1(AS). In vivo, PepA1 localizes at the bacterial membrane and triggers S. aureus death. Based on NMR and CD data, its solution structure was solved and is a long bent, interrupted helix. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that PepA1 compaction and helical content fluctuate in accordance with its cytoplasm or membrane location. When inserted into the S. aureus membrane, the PepA1 conformation switches to a ∼7-nm-long continuous helix, presumably forming pores to alter membrane integrity. PepA1 expression is induced upon acidic and oxidative stresses by reducing SprA1(AS) levels. As an altruistic behavior during infection, some cells may induce the expression of that toxin that would facilitate departure from the host immune cells for spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Sayed
- INSERM U835-Upres EA2311, Biochimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Rennes 1, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
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29
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Carvalho CA, Olivares-Ortega C, Soto-Arriaza MA, Carmona-Ribeiro AM. Interaction of gramicidin with DPPC/DODAB bilayer fragments. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:3064-71. [PMID: 22960286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the antimicrobial peptide gramicidin (Gr) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)/dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) 1:1 large unilamellar vesicles (LVs) or bilayer fragments (BFs) was evaluated by means of several techniques. The major methods were: 1) Gr intrinsic fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy; 2) dynamic light scattering for sizing and zeta-potential analysis; 3) determination of the bilayer phase transition from extrinsic fluorescence of bilayer probes; 4) pictures of the dispersions for evaluation of coloidal stability over a range of time and NaCl concentration. For Gr in LVs, the Gr dimeric channel conformation is suggested from: 1) CD and intrinsic fluorescence spectra similar to those in trifluoroethanol (TFE); 2) KCl or glucose permeation through the LVs/Gr bilayer. For Gr in BFs, the intertwined dimeric, non-channel Gr conformation is evidenced by CD and intrinsic fluorescence spectra similar to those in ethanol. Both LVs and BFs shield Gr tryptophans against quenching by acrylamide but the Stern-Volmer quenching constant was slightly higher for Gr in BFs confirming that the peptide is more exposed to the water phase in BFs than in LVs. The DPPC/DODAB/Gr supramolecular assemblies may predict the behavior of other antimicrobial peptides in assemblies with lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla A Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05513-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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30
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Liang C, Knoester J, Jansen TLC. Proton Transport in a Membrane Protein Channel: Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectrum Modeling. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:6336-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3019827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chungwen Liang
- Center for Theoretical
Physics and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Center for Theoretical
Physics and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L. C. Jansen
- Center for Theoretical
Physics and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Eade CR, Wood MP, Cole AM. Mechanisms and modifications of naturally occurring host defense peptides for anti-HIV microbicide development. Curr HIV Res 2012; 10:61-72. [PMID: 22264047 DOI: 10.2174/157016212799304580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of HIV infection, heterosexual transmission of HIV remains high, and vaccines to prevent HIV acquisition have been unfruitful. Vaginal microbicides, on the other hand, have demonstrated considerable potential for HIV prevention, and a variety of compounds have been screened for their activity and safety as anti-HIV microbicides. Among these are the naturally occurring host defense peptides, small peptides from diverse lineages with intrinsic antiviral activity. Naturally occurring host defense peptides with anti-HIV activity are promising candidates for vaginal microbicide development. Their structural variance and accompanying mechanistic diversity provide a wide range of inhibitors whose antiviral activity can be exerted at nearly every stage of the HIV lifecycle. Additionally, peptide modification has been explored as a method for improving the anti-HIV activity of host defense peptides. Structure- and sequence-based alterations have achieved varying success in improving the potency and specificity of anti-HIV peptides. Overall, peptides have been discovered or engineered to inhibit HIV with therapeutic indices of > 1000, encouraging their advancement toward clinical trials. Here we review the naturally occurring anti-HIV host defense peptides, demonstrating their breadth of mechanistic diversity, and exploring approaches to enhance and optimize their activity in order to expedite their development as safe and effective anti-HIV vaginal microbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen R Eade
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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32
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Cava F, Lam H, de Pedro MA, Waldor MK. Emerging knowledge of regulatory roles of D-amino acids in bacteria. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 68:817-31. [PMID: 21161322 PMCID: PMC3037491 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The d-enantiomers of amino acids have been thought to have relatively minor functions in biological processes. While l-amino acids clearly predominate in nature, d-amino acids are sometimes found in proteins that are not synthesized by ribosomes, and d-Ala and d-Glu are routinely found in the peptidoglycan cell wall of bacteria. Here, we review recent findings showing that d-amino acids have previously unappreciated regulatory roles in the bacterial kingdom. Many diverse bacterial phyla synthesize and release d-amino acids, including d-Met and d-Leu, which were not previously known to be made. These noncanonical d-amino acids regulate cell wall remodeling in stationary phase and cause biofilm dispersal in aging bacterial communities. Elucidating the mechanisms by which d-amino acids govern cell wall remodeling and biofilm disassembly will undoubtedly reveal new paradigms for understanding how extracytoplasmic processes are regulated as well as lead to development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Cava
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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33
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Galloux M, Libersou S, Alves ID, Marquant R, Salgado GF, Rezaei H, Lepault J, Delmas B, Bouaziz S, Morellet N. NMR structure of a viral peptide inserted in artificial membranes: a view on the early steps of the birnavirus entry process. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:19409-21. [PMID: 20385550 PMCID: PMC2885221 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.076083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonenveloped virus must penetrate the cellular membrane to access the cytoplasm without the benefit of membrane fusion. For birnavirus, one of the peptides present in the virus capsid, pep46 for infectious bursal disease virus, is able to induce pores into membranes as an intermediate step of the birnavirus-penetration pathway. Using osmotic protection experiments, we demonstrate here that pep46 and its pore-forming N-terminal moiety (pep22) form pores of different diameters, 5-8 and 2-4 nm, respectively, showing that both pep46 moieties participate to pore formation. The solution structures of pep46, pep22, and pep24 (the pep46 C-terminal moiety) in different hydrophobic environments and micelles determined by (1)H NMR studies provide structural insights of the pep46 domain interaction. In CDCl(3)/CD(3)OH mixture and in dodecylphosphocholine micelles, the N-terminal domain of pep46 is structured in a long kinked helix, although the C terminus is structured in one or two helices depending upon the solvents used. We also show that the folding and the proline isomerization status of pep46 depend on the type of hydrophobic environment. NMR spectroscopy with labeled phospholipid micelles, differential scanning calorimetry, and plasmon waveguide resonance studies show the peptides lie parallel to the lipid-water interface, perturbing the fatty acid chain packing. All these data lead to a model in which the two domains of pep46 interact with the membrane to form pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Galloux
- From the Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, CNRS, UMR 8151, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, F-75270 Cedex 06
- the Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR892, Bâtiment de Biotechnologies, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas
| | - Sonia Libersou
- the CNRS UMR 2472, INRA 1157, Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Isabel D. Alves
- the UPMC Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules, FR 2769, Case Courier 182, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, and
| | - Rodrigue Marquant
- From the Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, CNRS, UMR 8151, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, F-75270 Cedex 06
| | - Gilmar F. Salgado
- the UPMC Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules, FR 2769, Case Courier 182, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, and
| | - Human Rezaei
- the Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR892, Bâtiment de Biotechnologies, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas
| | - Jean Lepault
- the CNRS UMR 2472, INRA 1157, Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bernard Delmas
- the Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR892, Bâtiment de Biotechnologies, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas
| | - Serge Bouaziz
- From the Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, CNRS, UMR 8151, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, F-75270 Cedex 06
| | - Nelly Morellet
- From the Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, CNRS, UMR 8151, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, F-75270 Cedex 06
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Martínez-Rodríguez S, Martínez-Gómez A, Rodríguez-Vico F, Clemente-Jiménez J, Las Heras-Vázquez F. Natural Occurrence and Industrial Applications of d-Amino Acids: An Overview. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:1531-48. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Folmer-Andersen JF, Buhler E, Candau SJ, Joulie S, Schmutz M, Lehn JM. Cooperative, bottom-up generation of rigid-rod nanostructures through dynamic polymer chemistry. POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Baptiste B, Zhu J, Haldar D, Kauffmann B, Léger JM, Huc I. Hybridization of Long Pyridine-Dicarboxamide Oligomers into Multi-Turn Double Helices: Slow Strand Association and Dissociation, Solvent Dependence, and Solid State Structures. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:1364-75. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Yan Y, Qin B, Ren C, Chen X, Yip YK, Ye R, Zhang D, Su H, Zeng H. Synthesis, Structural Investigations, Hydrogen−Deuterium Exchange Studies, and Molecular Modeling of Conformationally Stablilized Aromatic Oligoamides. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5869-79. [DOI: 10.1021/ja100579z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Chemistry and MedChem Programme, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Department of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, and Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Bo Qin
- Department of Chemistry and MedChem Programme, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Department of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, and Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Changliang Ren
- Department of Chemistry and MedChem Programme, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Department of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, and Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Xiuying Chen
- Department of Chemistry and MedChem Programme, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Department of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, and Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Yeow Kwan Yip
- Department of Chemistry and MedChem Programme, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Department of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, and Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Ruijuan Ye
- Department of Chemistry and MedChem Programme, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Department of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, and Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and MedChem Programme, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Department of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, and Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Haibin Su
- Department of Chemistry and MedChem Programme, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Department of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, and Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Huaqiang Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and MedChem Programme, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Department of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, and Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
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Schneggenburger PE, Beerlink A, Worbs B, Salditt T, Diederichsen U. A Novel Heavy-Atom Label for Side-Specific Peptide Iodination: Synthesis, Membrane Incorporation and X-ray Reflectivity. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:1567-76. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Dong H, Hua S, Li S. Understanding the Role of Intra- and Intermolecular Interactions in the Formation of Single- and Double-Helical Structures of Aromatic Oligoamides: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:1335-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8071525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Shugui Hua
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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40
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Gokel GW, Barkey N. Transport of chloride ion through phospholipid bilayers mediated by synthetic ionophores. NEW J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b817245p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
There is a general interest in designing biomimetic materials, such as the double helical structures of biopolymers, by the self-assembly of synthetic organic moieties. This interest stems from their structural versatility, biocompatibility, robustness and a relative experimental simplicity. The self-assembly process requires a combination of several non-covalent interactions between two intertwined strands. Besides the combination of metal-ligand binding, base pair interactions and peptide stacking interactions, in the last few years, hybridized synthetic foldamers have proven to be useful in this context. The molecular rigidity and the extent of intra- vs. intermolecular interactions within the strand play an important role in the intertwining processes. A dynamic equilibrium exists between the monomer and the dimer. In general, the combination of the enthalpic gain (from the interaction of the two strands) and entropic loss (upon hybridization) controls the duplex formation. There are now a variety of metal-free double helices from abiotic backbones, with potential applications in antigene therapy, studies on evolution and conducting materials. A tutorial review of some general guidelines and illustrative examples is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Haldar
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Abstract
Three aromatic oligoamides have been prepared that have alternating 1,6-diaminopyridine and 1,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid units at the center of the sequence and two 8-amino-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid units at each extremity. The three oligomers differ in the number--3, 5, or 7-of pyridine units in the sequence. They were designed to adopt helically folded conformations in solution and in the solid state. The sequence of monomers was chosen so that the diameter of the helix is larger in the center than at each extremity, and hence they resemble helically wrapped apple peels. According to modeling studies, the pyridine units were expected to define a polar hollow within the helix that is large enough to accommodate small polar guests, whereas the quinoline units at each end of the oligomeric sequences were expected to completely cap the hollow and transform the helix cavities into a closed shell that may act as a capsule. Crystallographic studies demonstrate that the oligomers do fold into helices that define a cavity isolated from the surrounding medium in the solid state. Depending on the number of pyridine rings, one or two water molecules are bound within the capsules. The crystal structure of a capsule fragment shows that MeOH can also be hosted by the largest oligomer. Solution NMR studies confirm that binding of water also occurs in solution with the same stoichiometry as observed in the solid state. The capsules have distinct signals depending on whether they are empty, half-full, or full, and these species are in slow exchange on the NMR timescale at low temperature. Indeed, the binding and release of water molecules requires a significant conformational distortion of the helix that slows down these processes. The addition of small polar molecules such as methanol, hydrazine, hydrogen peroxide, or formic acid to the largest capsule leads to the observation of new sets of NMR signals of the capsules that were assigned to complexes with these guests. However, water appears to be the preferred guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Garric
- Université Bordeaux 1 - ENITAB - CNRS UMR5248, Institut Européen, de Chimie et Biologie, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, France
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43
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Failures in clinical treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Infection with daptomycin are associated with alterations in surface charge, membrane phospholipid asymmetry, and drug binding. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 52:269-78. [PMID: 17954690 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00719-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly frequent reports have described the in vivo loss of daptomycin susceptibility in association with clinical treatment failures. The mechanism(s) of daptomycin resistance is not well understood. We studied an isogenic set of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the bloodstream of a daptomycin-treated patient with recalcitrant endocarditis in which serial strains exhibited decreasing susceptibility to daptomycin. Since daptomycin is a membrane-targeting lipopeptide, we compared a number of membrane parameters in the initial blood isolate (parental) with those in subsequent daptomycin-resistant strains obtained during treatment. In comparison to the parental strain, resistant isolates demonstrated (i) enhanced membrane fluidity, (ii) increased translocation of the positively charged phospholipid lysyl-phosphotidylglycerol to the outer membrane leaflet, (iii) increased net positive surface charge (P < 0.05 versus the parental strain), (iv) reduced susceptibility to daptomycin-induced depolarization, permeabilization, and autolysis (P < 0.05 versus the parental strain), (v) significantly lower surface binding of daptomycin (P < 0.05 versus the parental strain), and (vi) increased cross-resistance to the cationic antimicrobial host defense peptides human neutrophil peptide 1 (hNP-1) and thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein 1 (tPMP-1). These data link distinct changes in membrane structure and function with in vivo development of daptomycin resistance in S. aureus. Moreover, the cross-resistance to hNP-1 and tPMP-1 may also impact the capacity of these daptomycin-resistant organisms to be cleared from sites of infection, particularly endovascular foci.
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Berni E, Kauffmann B, Bao C, Lefeuvre J, Bassani DM, Huc I. Assessing the Mechanical Properties of a Molecular Spring. Chemistry 2007; 13:8463-9. [PMID: 17661324 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report on the dramatic effect of increasing helix diameter on the hybridization of oligopyridine-dicarboxamide strands into double helices. Upon replacing a single pyridine by a 1,8-diazaanthracene unit within an oligomeric strand, a 4.7 A enlargement of the helix diameter occurs parallel to the long anthracene axis. This structure change results in a spectacular stabilization of the double helical hybrids derived from these strands (factors of over 10(7)). Detailed investigations of the hybridization process using X-ray crystallography, NMR, fluorescence measurements and molecular mechanics calculations allowed us to assign the duplex stabilization to two enthalpic effects. First, the increase in diameter results in an augmented surface, involved in intermolecular pi-pi stacking. Second, the enlarged diameter leads to a lower tilt angle of the helical strand, with respect to the helix axis, which in turn results in smaller dihedral angles at the aryl-amide linkages and thus a considerably lowered enthalpic cost of the spring-like extension of the strands during the hybridization process. These results provide novel insights into how subtle tuning of molecular components may result in considerable and rationalizable changes in double helical supramolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Berni
- Université Bordeaux 1 - ENITAB - CNRS UMR5248, Institut Européen, de Chimie et Biologie, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, France
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45
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Abstract
Amphiphilic peptides typically consist of a peptide portion that may be 5-25 (or more) amino acids in length. The hydrophobic portion may be a single fatty acid residue, but can also be more elaborate. The main focus of this article lies on the family of synthetic anion binders (SATs) of the general structure (R(1))(2)N-COCH(2)OCH(2)CO-(Aaa)(n)-OR(3). The most-common R(1) group is the octadecyl (C(18)H(37)) group. The most studied peptide sequence in this family is (Gly)(3)-Pro-(Gly)(3), although different sequences (and longer and shorter peptides) have been prepared as well. The C-terminal ester residue providing the most effective anion release from liposomes is heptyl (C(7)H(15)), although many others have been examined. The compound (C(18)H(37))(2)N-COCH(2)OCH(2)CO-(Gly)(3)-Pro-(Gly)(3)-OBn (Bn=benzyl) was found to mediate Cl(-) transport in mouse epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl R Yamnitz
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
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46
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Haldar D, Jiang H, Léger JM, Huc I. Double versus single helical structures of oligopyridine-dicarboxamide strands. Part 2: The role of side chains. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Silva LP, Leite JRSA, Brand GD, Regis WB, Tedesco AC, Azevedo RB, Freitas SM, Bloch C. Dermaseptins from Phyllomedusa oreades and Phyllomedusa distincta: liposomes fusion and/or lysis investigated by fluorescence and atomic force microscopy. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007; 151:329-335. [PMID: 17409003 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three dermaseptins, DS 01, DD K, and DD L, were compared with respect to their structural features and interactions with liposomes. Circular dichroic spectra at alcohols of different chain lengths revealed that DS 01 has the higher helicogenic potential in hydrophobic media. Binding of DS 01, DD K, and DD L to liposomes induced significant blue shifts of the emission spectra of the single tryptophan located at position 3 of all sequences indicating association of the peptides with bilayers. Kinetics evaluation of atomic force microscopy images evidenced the strong fusogenic activity of DS 01 whereas DD K and DD L showed increased lytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano P Silva
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massa, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)-Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Estação Parque Biológico, Final W5, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil.
| | - José Roberto S A Leite
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massa, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)-Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Estação Parque Biológico, Final W5, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil; Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Universidade Federal do Piauí-UFPI, Parnaíba, Piauí, 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | - Guilherme D Brand
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massa, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)-Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Estação Parque Biológico, Final W5, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil
| | - Willian B Regis
- Grupo de Biofísica Molecular-Centro de Biologia Molecular Estrutural, Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Tedesco
- FFCLRP-USP, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B Azevedo
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Sonia M Freitas
- Laboratório de Biofísica, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Carlos Bloch
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massa, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)-Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Estação Parque Biológico, Final W5, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil.
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48
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Chakraborty TK, Koley D, Ravi R, Kunwar AC. Synthesis and structural studies of peptides containing a mannose-derived furanoid sugar amino acid. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:3713-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b712365p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Shabany H, Ferdani R, Gokel GW. Hydraphile Synthetic Channel Compounds: Models for Transmembrane, Cation-conducting Transporters. Supramol Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270108029456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Shabany
- a Bioorganic Chemistry Program and Dept. of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology , Washington University School of Medicine , 660 South Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8103, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Riccardo Ferdani
- a Bioorganic Chemistry Program and Dept. of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology , Washington University School of Medicine , 660 South Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8103, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - George W. Gokel
- a Bioorganic Chemistry Program and Dept. of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology , Washington University School of Medicine , 660 South Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8103, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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50
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Schwab C, Gänzle MG. Effect of membrane lateral pressure on the expression of fructosyltransferases in Lactobacillus reuteri. Syst Appl Microbiol 2006; 29:89-99. [PMID: 16464690 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2005.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of environmental conditions on the production of homo-polysaccharides and oligosaccharides from sucrose and the regulation of glycosyltransferase genes responsible for biosynthesis of homo-polysaccharides was determined in Lactobacillus reuteri TMW1.106 (reutericyclin-producer) and LTH5448 (reutericyclin-negative). Strain L. reuteri TMW 1.106 harbours the glycosyltransferase genes gtfA and inu, strain LTH5448 harbours a fructosyltransferase, ftfA. Fructan and fructose-oligosaccharide (FOS) production in both strains was inducible by reutericyclin, trans-isohumulone, and nigericin at the levels of their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as well as phenylethanol (6mM) and elevated growth temperatures (45 degrees C), but not by nisin, CCCP or gramicidin. Elevated temperature (45 degrees C), reutericyclin or trans-isohumulone but not CCCP furthermore increased enhanced inu and ftfA transcription in L. reuteri TMW1.106 and LTH5448, respectively. Generally, effects of the various agents on fructosyltransferase transcription corresponded to their effect on formation of poly and oligosaccharides from sucrose. The effect of membrane-active agents on fructosyltransferase expression was compared to their effect on membrane biophysical parameters. The ability of chemical and physical agents to induce expression of fructosyltransferases correlated to their effect on the membrane lateral pressure as measured by pyrene-labelled phospholipids in membrane vesicles. Dextran, levan and fructose-oligosaccharides added at 50gL(-1) protected L. reuteri towards the membrane-active inhibitors nisin, reutericyclin, and CCCP. The induction of glycosyltransferases by membrane stress indicates a protective role of fructans and FOS to lactobacilli exposed to physical and chemical environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Schwab
- TU München, Lehrstuhl Technische Mikrobiologie, D-85350 Freising, Germany
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