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Huang X, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Qin C, Zhu Y, Fang Y, Wang Y, Tang C, Cao F. Osteopontin-Targeted and PPARδ-Agonist-Loaded Nanoparticles Efficiently Reduce Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E -/- Mice. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:28767-28778. [PMID: 36033674 PMCID: PMC9404512 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of vascular pathologies and acute cardiovascular events worldwide. Early theranostics of atherosclerotic plaque formation is critical for the prevention of associated cardiovascular complications. Osteopontin (OPN) expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has been reported as a promising molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerotic plaques. The PPARδ agonist GW1516 has been shown to inhibit VSMC migration and apoptosis. However, GW1516 has low aqueous solubility and poor oral bioavailability, which are major obstacles to its broad development and application. In this study, GW1516@NP-OPN, which is anti-OPN-targeted and loaded with the PPARδ agonist GW1516, was synthesized using a nanoprecipitation method. The uptake of GW1516@NP-OPN was examined using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry assay in VSMC in vitro models. Using the Transwell assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining methods, we observed that the inhibition of VSMCS migration and apoptosis was significantly higher in cells treated with GW1516@NP-OPN than those treated with free GW1516. The western blot assay further confirmed that GW1516@NP-OPN can increase FAK phosphorylation and TGF-βprotein expression. The effect of NPs was further tested in vivo. The atherosclerotic lesion areas were greatly decreased by GW1516@NP-OPN compared with the free drug treatment in apolipoprotein E-/- mice models. Consequently, our results showed that GW1516@NP-OPN stabilizes the PPARδ agonist aqueous formulation, improves its anti-plaque formation activities in vivo and in vitro, and can therefore be recommended for further development as a potential anti-atherosclerotic nanotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Huang
- Department
of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric
Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA
General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Department
of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department
of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric
Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA
General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Nankai
University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300073, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department
of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric
Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA
General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Nankai
University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300073, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department
of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric
Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA
General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Department
of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric
Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA
General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chengchun Tang
- Department
of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department
of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric
Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA
General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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What are the structural features that drive partitioning of proteins in aqueous two-phase systems? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1865:113-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Iqbal M, Tao Y, Xie S, Zhu Y, Chen D, Wang X, Huang L, Peng D, Sattar A, Shabbir MAB, Hussain HI, Ahmed S, Yuan Z. Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS): an overview and advances in its applications. Biol Proced Online 2016; 18:18. [PMID: 27807400 PMCID: PMC5084470 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-016-0048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is a liquid-liquid fractionation technique and has gained an interest because of great potential for the extraction, separation, purification and enrichment of proteins, membranes, viruses, enzymes, nucleic acids and other biomolecules both in industry and academia. Although, the partition behavior involved in the method is complex and difficult to predict. Current research shows that it has also been successfully used in the detection of veterinary drug residues in food, separation of precious metals, sewage treatment and a variety of other purposes. The ATPS is able to give high recovery yield and is easily to scale up. It is also very economic and environment friendly method. The aim of this review is to overview the basics of ATPS, optimization and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujahid Iqbal
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU)/MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Yanfei Tao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU)/MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU)/MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Yufei Zhu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU)/MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU)/MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU)/MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU)/MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Dapeng Peng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU)/MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Adeel Sattar
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU)/MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Hafiz Iftikhar Hussain
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU)/MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
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Kröner F, Hubbuch J. Systematic generation of buffer systems for pH gradient ion exchange chromatography and their application. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1285:78-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Asenjo JA, Andrews BA. Aqueous two-phase systems for protein separation: a perspective. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8826-35. [PMID: 21752387 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) that are formed by mixing a polymer (usually polyethylene glycol, PEG) and a salt (e.g. phosphate, sulphate or citrate) or two polymers and water can be effectively used for the separation and purification of proteins. The partitioning between both phases is dependent on the surface properties of the proteins and on the properties of the two phase system. The mechanism of partitioning is complex and not very easy to predict but, as this review paper shows, some very clear trends can be established. Hydrophobicity is the main determinant in the partitioning of proteins and can be measured in many different ways. The two methods that are more attractive, depending on the ATPS used (PEG/salt, PEG/polymer), are those that consider the 3-D structure and the hydrophobicity of AA on the surface and the one based on precipitation with ammonium sulphate (parameter 1/m*). The effect of charge has a relatively small effect on the partitioning of proteins in PEG/salt systems but is more important in PEG/dextran systems. Protein concentration has an important effect on the partitioning of proteins in ATPS. This depends on the higher levels of solubility of the protein in each of the phases and hence the partitioning observed at low protein concentrations can be very different to that observed at high concentrations. In virtually all cases the partition coefficient is constant at low protein concentration (true partitioning) and changes to a different constant value at a high overall protein concentration. Furthermore, true partitioning behavior, which is independent of the protein concentration, only occurs at relatively low protein concentration. As the concentration of a protein exceeds relatively low values, precipitation at the interface and in suspension can be observed. This protein precipitate is in equilibrium with the protein solubilized in each of the phases. Regarding the effect of protein molecular weight, no clear trend of the effect on partitioning has been found, apart from PEG/dextran systems where proteins with higher molecular weights partitioned more readily to the bottom phase. Bioaffinity has been shown in many cases to have an important effect on the partitioning of proteins. The practical application of ATPS has been demonstrated in many cases including a number of industrial applications with excellent levels of purity and yield. This separation and purification has also been successfully used for the separation of virus and virus-like particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Asenjo
- Centre for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Institute for Cell Dynamics and Biotechnology: A Centre for Systems Biology, University of Chile, Beauchef 850, Santiago, Chile.
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Wu X, Tang L, Du Y, Xu Z. Improving glutathione extraction from crude yeast extracts by optimizing aqueous two-phase system composition and operation conditions. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-010-0308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Long MS, Keating CD. Nanoparticle Conjugation Increases Protein Partitioning in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems. Anal Chem 2005; 78:379-86. [PMID: 16408917 DOI: 10.1021/ac051882t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe the effect of bioconjugation to colloidal Au nanoparticles on protein partitioning in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/dextran aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was conjugated to colloidal Au nanoparticles by direct adsorption. Although HRP alone had very little phase preference, HRP/Au nanoparticle conjugates typically partitioned to the PEG-rich phase, up to a factor of 150:1 for conjugates of 15-nm colloidal Au. Other protein/Au nanoparticle conjugates exhibited partitioning of greater than 2000:1 to the dextran-rich phase, as compared with approximately 5:1 for the free protein. The degree of partitioning was dependent on polymer concentration and molecular weight, nanoparticle diameter, and in some instances, nanoparticle concentration in the ATPS. The substantial improvements in protein partitioning achievable by conjugation to Au nanoparticles appear to result largely from increased surface area of the conjugates and require neither chemical modification of the proteins or polymers with affinity ligands, increased polymer concentrations, nor addition of high concentrations of salts. Adsorption to colloidal particles thus provides an attractive route for increased partitioning of enzymes and other proteins in ATPS. Furthermore, these results point to ATPS partitioning as a powerful means of purification for biomolecule/nanoparticle conjugates, which are increasingly used in diagnostics and materials applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scott Long
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Andrews BA, Schmidt AS, Asenjo JA. Correlation for the partition behavior of proteins in aqueous two-phase systems: Effect of surface hydrophobicity and charge. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 90:380-90. [PMID: 15778987 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Correlations to describe the effect of surface hydrophobicity and charge of proteins with their partition coefficient in aqueous two-phase systems were investigated. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000/phosphate, sulfate, citrate, and dextran systems in the presence of low (0.6% w/w) and high (8.8% w/w) levels of NaCl were selected for a systematic study of 12 proteins. The surface hydrophobicity of the proteins was measured by ammonium sulfate precipitation as the inverse of their solubility. The hydrophobicity values measured correlated well with the partition coefficients, K, obtained in the PEG/salt systems at high concentration of NaCl (r = 0.92-0.93). In PEG/citrate systems the partition coefficient correlated well with protein hydrophobicity at low and high concentrations of NaCl (r = 0.81 and 0.93, respectively). The PEG/citrate system also had a higher hydrophobic resolution than other systems to exploit differences in the protein's hydrophobicity. The surface charge and charge density of the proteins was determined over a range of pH (3-9) by electrophoretic titration curves; PEG/salt systems did not discriminate well between proteins of different charge or charge density. In the absence of NaCl, K decreased slightly with increased positive charge. At high NaCl concentration, K increased as a function of positive charge. This suggested that the PEG-rich top phase became more negative as the concentration of NaCl in the systems increased and, therefore, attracted the positively charged proteins. The effect of charge was more important in PEG/dextran systems at low concentrations of NaCl. In the PEG/dextran systems at lower concentration of NaCl, molecular weight appeared to be the prime determinant of partition, whereas no clear effect of molecular weight could be found in PEG/salt systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Andrews
- Centre for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Millennium Institute for Advanced Studies in Cell Biology and Biotechnology, University of Chile, Beauchef 861, Santiago, Chile
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Willauer HD, Huddleston JG, Rogers RD. Solute Partitioning in Aqueous Biphasic Systems Composed of Polyethylene Glycol and Salt: The Partitioning of Small Neutral Organic Species. Ind Eng Chem Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ie010598z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather D. Willauer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Green Manufacturing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487
| | - Jonathan G. Huddleston
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Green Manufacturing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487
| | - Robin D. Rogers
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Green Manufacturing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487
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Franco TT, Andrews AT, Asenjo JA. Use of chemically modified proteins to study the effect of a single protein property on partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems: Effect of surface hydrophobicity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 49:300-8. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19960205)49:3<300::aid-bit8>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Franco TT, Andrews AT, Asenjo JA. Use of chemically modified proteins to study the effect of a single protein property on partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems: Effect of surface hydrophobicity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19960205)49:3%3c300::aid-bit8%3e3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Franco TT, Andrews AT, Asenjo JA. Conservative chemical modification of proteins to study the effects of a single protein property on partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 49:290-9. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19960205)49:3<290::aid-bit7>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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