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David LS, Nalle CL, Abdollahi MR, Ravindran V. Feeding Value of Lupins, Field Peas, Faba Beans and Chickpeas for Poultry: An Overview. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:619. [PMID: 38396587 PMCID: PMC10886283 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Grain legumes are fair sources of protein, amino acids and energy, and can be used as a replacement for soybean meal in poultry feed formulations as the soybean meal becomes short in supply and costly. However, a concern associated with the use of grain legumes in poultry feeding is the presence of antinutritional factors. The effective processing and utilisation of these grain legumes in poultry feeding are well documented. The current review focuses on four selected grain legumes (lupins [Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius], field peas [Phaseolus vulgaris], faba beans [Vicia faba] and chickpeas [Cicer arietinum]) and their nutrient content, the presence of antinutritional factors, processing methods and feeding value, including updated data based on recent research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S. David
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.S.D.); (C.L.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Catootjie L. Nalle
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.S.D.); (C.L.N.); (M.R.A.)
- Animal Husbandry Department, Polytechnic of Agriculture Kupang, Prof. Herman Yohannes St., Lasiana, Kupang 85228, NTT, Indonesia
| | - M. Reza Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.S.D.); (C.L.N.); (M.R.A.)
- A2Z Poultry Feed DynamikZ, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Velmurugu Ravindran
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.S.D.); (C.L.N.); (M.R.A.)
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2
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Pang KT, Yang YS, Zhang W, Ho YS, Sormanni P, Michaels TCT, Walsh I, Chia S. Understanding and controlling the molecular mechanisms of protein aggregation in mAb therapeutics. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108192. [PMID: 37290583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In antibody development and manufacturing, protein aggregation is a common challenge that can lead to serious efficacy and safety issues. To mitigate this problem, it is important to investigate its molecular origins. This review discusses (1) our current molecular understanding and theoretical models of antibody aggregation, (2) how various stress conditions related to antibody upstream and downstream bioprocesses can trigger aggregation, and (3) current mitigation strategies employed towards inhibiting aggregation. We discuss the relevance of the aggregation phenomenon in the context of novel antibody modalities and highlight how in silico approaches can be exploited to mitigate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuin Tian Pang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technology University, Singapore
| | - Yuan Sheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Wei Zhang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Ying Swan Ho
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Pietro Sormanni
- Chemistry of Health, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas C T Michaels
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Bringing Materials to Life Initiative, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ian Walsh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Sean Chia
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
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3
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Filatova L, Emelianov G, Balabushevich N, Klyachko N. Supramolecular assemblies of mucin and lysozyme: Formation and physicochemical characterization. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Living with the enemy: from protein-misfolding pathologies we know, to those we want to know. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101391. [PMID: 34119687 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conformational diseases are caused by the aggregation of misfolded proteins. The risk for such pathologies develops years before clinical symptoms appear, and is higher in people with alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) polymorphisms. Thousands of people with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) are underdiagnosed. Enemy-aggregating proteins may reside in these underdiagnosed AATD patients for many years before a pathology for AATD fully develops. In this perspective review, we hypothesize that the AAT protein could exert a new and previously unconsidered biological effect as an endogenous metal ion chelator that plays a significant role in essential metal ion homeostasis. In this respect, AAT polymorphism may cause an imbalance of metal ions, which could be correlated with the aggregation of amylin, tau, amyloid beta, and alpha synuclein proteins in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, respectively.
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Afeyan NB, Cooney CL. Professor Daniel I.C. Wang: A Legacy of Education, Innovation, Publication, and Leadership. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3615-3627. [PMID: 33616929 PMCID: PMC7839494 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noubar B. Afeyan
- Flagship Ventures, One Memorial Drive7th FloorCambridgeMassachusetts
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology50 Memorial DriveCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - Charles L. Cooney
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMassachusetts
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6
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Abdelrahman S, Alghrably M, Lachowicz JI, Emwas AH, Hauser CAE, Jaremko M. "What Doesn't Kill You Makes You Stronger": Future Applications of Amyloid Aggregates in Biomedicine. Molecules 2020; 25:E5245. [PMID: 33187056 PMCID: PMC7696280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid proteins are linked to the pathogenesis of several diseases including Alzheimer's disease, but at the same time a range of functional amyloids are physiologically important in humans. Although the disease pathogenies have been associated with protein aggregation, the mechanisms and factors that lead to protein aggregation are not completely understood. Paradoxically, unique characteristics of amyloids provide new opportunities for engineering innovative materials with biomedical applications. In this review, we discuss not only outstanding advances in biomedical applications of amyloid peptides, but also the mechanism of amyloid aggregation, factors affecting the process, and core sequences driving the aggregation. We aim with this review to provide a useful manual for those who engineer amyloids for innovative medicine solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Abdelrahman
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mawadda Alghrably
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Charlotte A. E. Hauser
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
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7
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Ghosh P, De P. Modulation of Amyloid Protein Fibrillation by Synthetic Polymers: Recent Advances in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6598-6625. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Ghosh
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India
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Pharmaceutical modulation of the proteolytic profile of Transforming Growth Factor Beta induced protein (TGFBIp) offers a new avenue for treatment of TGFBI-corneal dystrophy. J Adv Res 2020; 24:529-543. [PMID: 32637173 PMCID: PMC7327833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal stromal dystrophies are a group of hereditary disorders caused by mutations in the TGFBI gene and affect the corneal stroma and epithelium. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of insoluble deposits of the mutant TGFBIp leading to poor visual acuity in patients. Mutations are hypothesized to disrupt the protein folding and stability, leading oligomerization of the mutant protein. Current treatment relies on surgical intervention, either tissue removal or substitution, both of which are associated with disease recurrence. The lead compounds reported here prevent/delay the atypical proteolysis of the mutant protein and the generation of amyloidogenic fragments.
Corneal dystrophies are a group of genetically inherited disorders with mutations in the TGFBI gene affecting the Bowman’s membrane and the corneal stroma. The mutant TGFBIp is highly aggregation-prone and is deposited in the cornea. Depending on the type of mutation the protein deposits may vary (amyloid, amorphous powdery aggregate or a mixed form of both), making the cornea opaque and thereby decreases visual acuity. The aggregation of the mutant protein is found to be specific with a unique aggregation mechanism distinct to the cornea. The proteolytic processing of the mutant protein is reported to be different compared to the WT protein. The proteolytic processing of mutant protein gives rise to highly amyloidogenic peptide fragments. The current treatment option, available for patients, is tissue replacement surgery that is associated with high recurrence rates. The clinical need for a simple treatment option for corneal dystrophy patients has become highly essential either to prevent the protein aggregation or to dissolve the preformed aggregates. Here, we report the screening of 2500 compounds from the Maybridge RO3 fragment library using weak affinity chromatography (WAC). The primary hits from WAC were validated by 15N-HSQC NMR assays and specific regions of binding were identified. The recombinant mutant proteins (4th FAS-1 domain of R555W and H572R) were subjected to limited proteolysis by trypsin together with the lead compounds identified by NMR assays. The lead compounds (MO07617, RJF00203 and, BTB05094) were effective to delay/prevent the generation of amyloidogenic peptides in the R555W mutant and compounds (RJF00203 and BTB05094) were effective to delay/prevent the generation of amyloidogenic peptides in the H572R mutant. Thus the lead compounds reported here upon further validation and/or modification might be proposed as a potential treatment option to prevent/delay aggregation by inhibiting the formation of amyloidogenic peptides in TGFBI-corneal dystrophy.
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Key Words
- 1D, 1-Dimensional
- 2D, 2-Dimensional
- 3D, 3-Dimensional
- AA, Amino Acid
- BMRB, Biological Magnetic Resonance Data Bank
- Corneal dystrophy
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- DSS, 4, 4-dimethyl-4-silapentane-1-sulfonic acid
- EIC, Extracted Ion Chromatogram
- EMI, Emilin-like domain
- FAS1, Fasciclin like Domain
- FPLC, Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography
- Fragment screening
- GCD, Granular Corneal Dystrophy
- HPLC, High-performance liquid chromatography
- HSQC, Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence Spectroscopy
- IPTG, Isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside
- ITC, Isothermal Titration Calorimetry
- LB, Luria Bertani
- LCD, Lattice Corneal Dystrophy
- LE, Ligand Efficiency
- MALDI, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization
- MS, Mass spectrometry/spectrometer
- PBS, Phosphate Buffered Saline
- Proteolysis
- SD, Standard Deviation
- SDS-PAGE, Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SPR, Surface Plasmon Resonance
- TFA, Trifluoroacetic acid
- TGFBI, Transforming Growth Factor Beta Induced
- TGFBIp
- TGFBIp, Transforming Growth Factor Beta Induced protein
- TOF, Time-of-Flight
- WAC, Weak affinity chromatography
- WT, Wild Type
- Weak affinity chromatography
- ms, Millisecond
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Influence of low-molecular-weight aggregates on aggregate growth kinetics and physical properties of solid-state proteins during storage. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 146:10-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Ji Y, Lu Y, Yan Y, Liu X, Su N, Zhang C, Bi S, Xing XH. Design of Fusion Proteins for Efficient and Soluble Production of Immunogenic Ebola Virus Glycoprotein in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700627. [PMID: 29500882 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Ebola hemorrhagic fever caused by Ebola virus is an extremely dangerous disease, and effective therapeutic agents are still lacking. Platforms for the efficient production of vaccines are crucial to ensure quick response against an Ebola virus outbreak. Ebola virus glycoprotein (EbolaGP) on the virion surface is responsible for membrane binding and virus entry, thus becoming the key target for vaccine development. However, heterologous expression of this protein still faces engineering challenges such as low production levels and insoluble aggregation. Here, the authors design and compare various fusion strategies, attaching great importance to the solubility-enhancing effect, and tag removal process. It is found that a C-terminal intein-based tag greatly enhances the solubility of EbolaGP and allows one-step chromatographic purification of the untagged EbolaGP through thiol-catalyzed self-cleavage. The purified untagged EbolaGP alone or with Freund's adjuvant are highly immunogenic, as confirmed in a mouse model. Consequently, the present study puts forward a new strategy for the efficient and soluble expression of untagged immunogenic EbolaGP. The intein-based protein fusion approach may be of importance for the large-scale production of Ebola virus subunit vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yishu Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Bio-Cell Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
| | - Nan Su
- Bio-Cell Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shengli Bi
- Institute of Virology Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xin-Hui Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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11
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Sengupta I, Bhate SH, Das R, Udgaonkar JB. Salt-Mediated Oligomerization of the Mouse Prion Protein Monitored by Real-Time NMR. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:1852-1872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Singla A, Bansal R, Joshi V, Rathore AS. Aggregation Kinetics for IgG1-Based Monoclonal Antibody Therapeutics. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:689-702. [PMID: 26902302 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as a class of therapeutic molecules are finding an increasing demand in the biotechnology industry for the treatment of diseases like cancer and multiple sclerosis. A key challenge associated to successful commercialization of mAbs is that from the various physical and chemical instabilities that are inherent to these molecules. Out of all probable instabilities, aggregation of mAbs has been a major problem that has been associated with a change in the protein structure and is a hurdle in various upstream and downstream processes. It can stimulate immune response causing protein misfolding having deleterious and harmful effects inside a cell. Also, the extra cost incurred to remove aggregated mAbs from the rest of the batch is huge. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a major technique for characterizing aggregation in mAbs where change in the aggregates' size over time is estimated. The current project is an attempt to understand the rate and mechanism of formation of higher order oligomers when subjected to different environmental conditions such as buffer type, temperature, pH, and salt concentration. The results will be useful in avoiding the product exposure to conditions that can induce aggregation during upstream, downstream, and storage process. Extended Lumry-Eyring model (ELE), Lumry-Eyring Native Polymerization model (LENP), and Finke-Watzky model (F-W) have been employed in this work to fit the aggregation experimental data and results are compared to find the best fit model for mAb aggregation to connect the theoretical dots with the reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Singla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - R Bansal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Varsha Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Anurag S Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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13
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The challenging SO2-mediated chemical build-up of protein aggregates in wines. Food Chem 2016; 192:460-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Bria CR, Jones J, Charlesworth A, Williams SKR. Probing Submicron Aggregation Kinetics of an IgG Protein by Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:31-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Ryś S, Muca R, Kołodziej M, Piątkowski W, Dürauer A, Jungbauer A, Antos D. Design and optimization of protein refolding with crossflow ultrafiltration. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Engineering batch and pulse refolding with transition of aggregation kinetics: An investigation using green fluorescent protein (GFP). Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Ryś S, Piątkowski W, Antos D. Predictions of matrix-assisted refolding of α-lactalbumin: Process efficiency versus batch dilution method. Eng Life Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Ryś
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Rzeszów University of Technology; Rzeszów Poland
| | - Wojciech Piątkowski
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Rzeszów University of Technology; Rzeszów Poland
| | - Dorota Antos
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Rzeszów University of Technology; Rzeszów Poland
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18
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Long-term stability of diluted solutions of the monoclonal antibody rituximab. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:282-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Xu Y, Seeman D, Yan Y, Sun L, Post J, Dubin PL. Effect of Heparin on Protein Aggregation: Inhibition versus Promotion. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1642-51. [DOI: 10.1021/bm3003539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North
Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Daniel Seeman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North
Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Yunfeng Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North
Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Lianhong Sun
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jared Post
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North
Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Paul L. Dubin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North
Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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20
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Filipe V, Kükrer B, Hawe A, Jiskoot W. Transient molten globules and metastable aggregates induced by brief exposure of a monoclonal IgG to low pH. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:2327-39. [PMID: 22517069 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of aggregates in therapeutic protein formulations is of great concern due to quality, safety, and efficacy issues. Nonetheless, the mechanisms and kinetics of protein aggregation are only partly understood. In this study, metastable immunoglobulin G (IgG) aggregates induced by a brief exposure to pH 1 were kept at 4°C and analyzed over time by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), nanoparticle tracking analysis, light obscuration, dynamic light scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. The results show the formation of polydisperse aggregates (from dimers to 10-μm particles) shortly after the pH-shift stress. These aggregates increased in size and number over time until a pseudo-equilibrium was reached after 5-7 days. The presence of transient, partially unfolded monomers (molten globules) was detected by SEC with online fluorescent dye detection. The molten globules seemed to either refold into the native state or become involved in aggregation pathways. Seeding pH-shift-induced aggregates into unstressed IgG did not accelerate aggregation during incubation for 3 weeks at 55°C. These results reinforce the role of partially unfolded species in the aggregation of therapeutic proteins. We conclude that the formation of pH-shift-induced IgG aggregates is likely driven by downhill polymerization, as a consequence of successive additions of molten globular monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Filipe
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
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21
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Xu Y, Yan Y, Seeman D, Sun L, Dubin PL. Multimerization and aggregation of native-state insulin: effect of zinc. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:579-586. [PMID: 22059434 DOI: 10.1021/la202902a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of insulin is complicated by the coexistence of various multimers, especially in the presence of Zn(2+). Most investigations of insulin multimerization tend to overlook aggregation kinetics, while studies of insulin aggregation generally pay little attention to multimerization. A clear understanding of the starting multimer state of insulin is necessary for the elucidation of its aggregation mechanism. In this work, the native-state aggregation of insulin as either the Zn-insulin hexamer or the Zn-free dimer was studied by turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering, at low ionic strength and pH near pI. The two states were achieved by varying the Zn(2+) content of insulin at low concentrations, in accordance with size-exclusion chromatography results and literature findings (Tantipolphan, R.; Romeijn, S.; Engelsman, J. d.; Torosantucci, R.; Rasmussen, T.; Jiskoot, W. J. Pharm. Biomed. 2010, 52, 195). The much greater aggregation rate and limiting turbidity (τ(∞)) for the Zn-insulin hexamer relative to the Zn-free dimer was explained by their different aggregation mechanisms. Sequential first-order kinetic regimes and the concentration dependence of τ(∞) for the Zn-insulin hexamer indicate a nucleation and growth mechanism, as proposed by Wang and Kurganov (Wang, K.; Kurganov, B. I. Biophys. Chem. 2003, 106, 97). The pure second-order process for the Zn-free dimer suggests isodesmic aggregation, consistent with the literature. The aggregation behavior at an intermediate Zn(2+) concentration appears to be the sum of the two processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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22
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Sabbaghian M, Ebrahim-Habibi A, Hosseinkhani S, Ghasemi A, Nemat-Gorgani M. Prevention of thermal aggregation of an allosteric protein by small molecules: Some mechanistic insights. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:806-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Sandefur CI, Schnell S. A model of threshold behavior reveals rescue mechanisms of bystander proteins in conformational diseases. Biophys J 2011; 100:1864-73. [PMID: 21504722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Conformational diseases result from the failure of a specific protein to fold into its correct functional state. The misfolded proteins can lead to the toxic aggregation of proteins. Protein misfolding in conformational diseases often displays a threshold behavior characterized by a sudden shift between nontoxic to toxic levels of misfolded proteins. In some conformational diseases, evidence suggests that misfolded proteins interact with bystander proteins (unfolded and native folded proteins), eliciting a misfolded phenotype. These bystander isomers would follow their normal physiological pathways in absence of misfolded proteins. In this article, we present a general mechanism of bystander and misfolded protein interaction which we have used to investigate how the threshold behavior in protein misfolding is triggered in conformational diseases. Using a continuous flow reactor model of the endoplasmic reticulum, we found that slight changes in the bystander protein residence time in the endoplasmic reticulum or the ratio of basal misfolded to bystander protein inflow rates can trigger the threshold behavior in protein misfolding. Our analysis reveals three mechanisms to rescue bystander proteins in conformational diseases. The results of our model can now help direct experiments to understand the threshold behavior and develop therapeutic strategies targeting the modulation of conformational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner I Sandefur
- Center for Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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A protein aggregation based test for screening of the agents affecting thermostability of proteins. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22154. [PMID: 21760963 PMCID: PMC3132324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To search for agents affecting thermal stability of proteins, a test based on the registration of protein aggregation in the regime of heating with a constant rate was used. The initial parts of the dependences of the light scattering intensity (I) on temperature (T) were analyzed using the following empiric equation: I = Kagg(T−T0)2, where Kagg is the parameter characterizing the initial rate of aggregation and T0 is a temperature at which the initial increase in the light scattering intensity is registered. The aggregation data are interpreted in the frame of the model assuming the formation of the start aggregates at the initial stages of the aggregation process. Parameter T0 corresponds to the moment of the origination of the start aggregates. The applicability of the proposed approach was demonstrated on the examples of thermal aggregation of glycogen phosphorylase b from rabbit skeletal muscles and bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase studied in the presence of agents of different chemical nature. The elaborated approach to the study of protein aggregation may be used for rapid identification of small molecules that interact with protein targets.
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Brummitt RK, Nesta DP, Chang L, Kroetsch AM, Roberts CJ. Nonnative Aggregation of an IgG1 Antibody in Acidic Conditions, Part 2: Nucleation and Growth Kinetics with Competing Growth Mechanisms. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:2104-19. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2010] [Revised: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Freydell EJ, van der Wielen LA, Eppink MH, Ottens M. Size-exclusion chromatographic protein refolding: Fundamentals, modeling and operation. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7723-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bumagina Z, Gurvits B, Artemova N, Muranov K, Kurganov B. Paradoxical acceleration of dithiothreitol-induced aggregation of insulin in the presence of a chaperone. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:4556-79. [PMID: 21151456 PMCID: PMC3000100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11114556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of dithiothreitol (DTT)-induced aggregation of human recombinant insulin and the effect of α-crystallin, a representative of the family of small heat shock proteins, on the aggregation process have been studied using dynamic light scattering technique. Analysis of the distribution of the particles by size measured in the course of aggregation showed that the initial stage of the aggregation process was the stage of formation of the start aggregates with a hydrodynamic radius (R(h)) of about 90 nm. When studying the effect of α-crystallin on the rate of DTT-induced aggregation of insulin, it was demonstrated that low concentrations of α-crystallin dramatically accelerated the aggregation process, whereas high concentrations of α-crystallin suppressed insulin aggregation. In the present study, at the molar stoichiometric ratio (insulin:α-crystallin) less than 1:0.5, a pronounced accelerating effect of α-crystallin was observed; whereas a ratio exceeding the value of 1:0.6 caused suppression of insulin aggregation. The mechanisms underlying the dual effect of α-crystallin have been proposed. It is assumed that heterogeneous nucleation occurring on the surface of the α-crystallin particle plays the key role in the paradoxical acceleration of insulin aggregation by α-crystallin that may provide an alternative biologically significant pathway of the aggregation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Bumagina
- A. N. Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia; E-Mails: (Z.B.); (N.A.); (B.K.)
| | - Bella Gurvits
- A. N. Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia; E-Mails: (Z.B.); (N.A.); (B.K.)
| | - Natalya Artemova
- A. N. Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia; E-Mails: (Z.B.); (N.A.); (B.K.)
| | - Konstantin Muranov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina 4, Moscow 119991, Russia; E-Mail:
| | - Boris Kurganov
- A. N. Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia; E-Mails: (Z.B.); (N.A.); (B.K.)
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28
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Li Y, Weiss WF, Roberts CJ. Characterization of high-molecular-weight nonnative aggregates and aggregation kinetics by size exclusion chromatography with inline multi-angle laser light scattering. J Pharm Sci 2010; 98:3997-4016. [PMID: 19283773 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Size exclusion chromatography with an inline multi-angle light scattering detector (SEC-MALS) was assessed as a means to characterize and monitor the formation of soluble, high-molecular-weight (HMW) protein aggregates so as to better quantify and model nonnative aggregation kinetics. Assay configuration and robustness were tested with respect to sample preparation, column type, and assay variability. Independent comparison of SEC-MALS with batch light scattering analysis indicates good agreement between the two methods. Weight-average molecular weight (M(w)), radius of gyration (R(g)), apparent polydispersity, and mass fraction monomer (m) together are shown to provide qualitative and quantitative experimental signatures to distinguish high-MW aggregate growth via chain polymerization versus that via aggregate-aggregate condensation. Mechanistic treatment of aggregation kinetics monitored by SEC-MALS is illustrated by data regression using a recently developed Lumry-Eyring Nucleated Polymerization model that explicitly accounts for aggregate nucleation and competing growth via chain- and condensation-polymerization. The combination of time-dependent M(w) and m data are shown to provide a convenient and robust means to separate and quantify characteristic time scales or rate coefficients for concurrent stages of irreversible aggregation. In addition, the scaling of R(g) with M(w) for HMW aggregates provides useful insights into aggregate morphology and mechanisms of aggregate growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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30
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Diress A, Lorbetskie B, Larocque L, Li X, Alteen M, Isbrucker R, Girard M. Study of aggregation, denaturation and reduction of interferon alpha-2 products by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and biological assays. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1217:3297-306. [PMID: 19931086 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Interferon alpha-2 (IFN alpha-2) products have been widely used as antivirals for the treatment of serious diseases such as hepatitis B and C. However, reports of adverse reactions following treatment have prompted investigations into the cause of these undesirable events. In this study size-exclusion HPLC (SE-HPLC) methods coupled with intrinsic fluorescence detection were developed for evaluating the stability and degradation profiles of IFN alpha-2 drug substances and drug products. The method allowed baseline resolution of the active ingredient from the excipients present in the finished products that included large amounts of albumin. Limits of detection (S/N>or=3) for IFN alpha-2a and IFN alpha-2b were 32 ng/mL and 28 ng/mL, respectively and good repeatability of chromatographic profiles (%RSD<2.1) was obtained. High molecular weight (HMW) aggregates with apparent molecular weight of approximately 650 kDa as well as dimers, denatured and reduced variants were successfully identified and separated from native IFN alpha-2 proteins. This chromatographic method, which quantitatively measures physical and chemical changes taking place in solution formulations, was found to be capable of monitoring IFN alpha-2a and IFN alpha-2b stability. Potency assay results revealed up to 87% decrease in biological activity of the physically and chemically altered variants compared to the original IFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abebaw Diress
- Centre for Biologics Research, Health Canada, Banting Bldg, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada
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31
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Lin JJ, Meyer JD, Carpenter JF, Manning MC. Aggregation of human serum albumin during a thermal viral inactivation step. Int J Biol Macromol 2009; 45:91-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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New Model for Polymerization of Oligomeric Alcohol Dehydrogenases into Nanoaggregates. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:1188-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Li Y, Roberts CJ. Lumry-Eyring nucleated-polymerization model of protein aggregation kinetics. 2. Competing growth via condensation and chain polymerization. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:7020-32. [PMID: 19368365 PMCID: PMC2683240 DOI: 10.1021/jp8083088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Lumry-Eyring with nucleated polymerization (LENP) model from part 1 (Andrews, J. M.; Roberts, C. J. J. Phys. Chem. B 2007, 111, 7897-7913) is expanded to explicitly account for kinetic contributions from aggregate-aggregate condensation polymerization. Experimentally accessible quantities described by the resulting model include monomer mass fraction (m), weight-average molecular weight (Mw), and ratio of Mw to number-average molecular weight (Mn) as a function of time (t). Analysis of global model behavior illustrates ways to identify which steps in the overall aggregation process are kinetically important on the basis of the qualitative behavior of m, Mw, and Mw/Mn vs t, and on whether bulk phase separation or precipitation occurs. For cases in which all aggregates remain soluble, moment equations are provided that permit straightforward numerical regression of experimental data to give separate time scales or inverse rate coefficients for nucleation and for growth by chain and condensation polymerization. Analysis of simulated data indicates that it may be possible to neglect condensation reactions if only early time data are considered and also highlights difficulties in conclusively distinguishing between alternative mechanisms of condensation, even when kinetics are monitored with both m and Mw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 150 Academy St., Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Christopher J. Roberts
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 150 Academy St., Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
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34
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Weiss WF, Young TM, Roberts CJ. Principles, approaches, and challenges for predicting protein aggregation rates and shelf life. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:1246-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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35
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Markossian KA, Yudin IK, Kurganov BI. Mechanism of suppression of protein aggregation by α-crystallin. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:1314-1345. [PMID: 19399251 PMCID: PMC2672032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10031314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes experimental data illuminating the mechanism of suppression of heat-induced protein aggregation by alpha-crystallin, one of the small heat shock proteins. The dynamic light scattering data show that the initial stage of thermal aggregation of proteins is the formation of the initial aggregates involving hundreds of molecules of the denatured protein. Further sticking of the starting aggregates proceeds in a regime of diffusion-limited cluster-cluster aggregation. The protective effect of alpha-crystallin is due to transition of the aggregation process to the regime of reaction-limited cluster-cluster aggregation, wherein the sticking probability for the colliding particles becomes lower than unity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira A. Markossian
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Fax: +7 495 954 2732
| | - Igor K. Yudin
- Oil and Gas Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina st. 3, 117971, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris I. Kurganov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
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36
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Sabbaghian M, Ebrahim-Habibi A, Nemat-Gorgani M. Thermal aggregation of a model allosteric protein in different conformational states. Int J Biol Macromol 2008; 44:156-62. [PMID: 19121335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is of crucial importance in a wide variety of situations. High temperatures, combined with other denaturing conditions, have been used very extensively to decipher some of the fundamentals related to formation of amorphous and fibrillar protein aggregates. The present study reports on the dependency of thermal aggregation of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), a well-characterized allosteric enzyme, on its conformational state. The initial phases of thermal aggregation of this protein was followed in the presence of a number of well-known allosteric ligands. Positive effectors were found to decrease the rate and extent of aggregation in a concentration dependent manner, while negative effectors did the reverse. ADP, one of the most characterized GDH activators was found to stabilize a specific protein conformation resulting in loss of propensity to aggregate. The importance of this observation related to control of protein-protein interactions leading to protein aggregation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Sabbaghian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 13145-1384, Iran
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37
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Abstract
Experimental kinetics of non-native protein aggregation are of practical importance in that they help dictate viable processing, formulation, and storage conditions for biotechnology products, and appear to play a role in determining the onset of a number of diseases. Fundamentally, aggregation kinetics provide insights into the identity of key intermediates in the process, and quantitative tests of available models of aggregation. Although aggregation kinetics often display seemingly disparate behaviors across different proteins and sample conditions, this review illustrates how many of these can be understood within a general framework that treats aggregation as a multi-stage process, and how most available kinetic models of aggregation can be grouped hierarchically in terms of which stage(s) they include. This provides an aid for workers seeking a mechanistic interpretation of in vitro aggregation kinetics, for discriminating among competing models, and in designing experiments to assess in vitro protein stability. Limitations and the utility of purely kinetic approaches to studying aggregation, clarifications of common misperceptions regarding experimental aggregation kinetics, and some outstanding challenges in the field are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
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38
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Rezaei-Ghaleh N, Ramshini H, Ebrahim-Habibi A, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Nemat-Gorgani M. Thermal aggregation of α-chymotrypsin: Role of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Biophys Chem 2008; 132:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2007] [Revised: 09/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Paul S, Punam S, Chaudhuri TK. Chaperone-assisted refolding of Escherichia coli maltodextrin glucosidase. FEBS J 2007; 274:6000-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Weiss WF, Hodgdon TK, Kaler EW, Lenhoff AM, Roberts CJ. Nonnative protein polymers: structure, morphology, and relation to nucleation and growth. Biophys J 2007; 93:4392-403. [PMID: 17704182 PMCID: PMC2098717 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.112102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermally induced aggregates of alpha-chymotrypsinogen A and bovine granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in acidic solutions were characterized by a combination of static and dynamic light scattering, spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and monomer loss kinetics. The resulting soluble, high-molecular weight aggregates (approximately 10(3)-10(5) kDa) are linear, semiflexible polymer chains that do not appreciably associate with one another under the conditions at which they were formed, with classic power-law scaling of the radius of gyration and hydrodynamic radius with weight-average molecular weight (M(w)). Aggregates in both systems are composed of nonnative monomers with elevated levels of beta-sheet secondary structure, and bind thioflavine T. In general, the aggregate size distributions showed low polydispersity by light scattering. Together with the inverse scaling of M(w) with protein concentration, the results clearly indicate that aggregation proceeds via nucleated (chain) polymerization. For alpha-chymotrypsinogen A, the scaling behavior is combined with the kinetics of aggregation to deduce separate values for the characteristic timescales for nucleation (tau(n)) and growth (tau(g)), as well as the stoichiometry of the nucleus (x). The analysis illustrates a general procedure to noninvasively and quantitatively determine tau(n), tau(g), and x for soluble (chain polymer) aggregates, as well as the relationship between tau(n)/tau(g) and aggregate M(w).
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Weiss
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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41
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Golub N, Meremyanin A, Markossian K, Eronina T, Chebotareva N, Asryants R, Muronets V, Kurganov B. Evidence for the formation of start aggregates as an initial stage of protein aggregation. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:4223-7. [PMID: 17706198 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of thermal aggregation of glycogen phosphorylase b and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from rabbit skeletal muscles were studied using dynamic light scattering. Use of high concentrations of the enzymes (1-3 mg/ml) provided a simultaneous registration of the native enzyme forms and protein aggregates. It was shown that initially registered aggregates (start aggregates) were large-sized particles. The hydrodynamic radius of the start aggregates was about 100 nm. The intermediate states between the native enzyme forms and start aggregates were not detected. The initial increase in the light scattering intensity is connected with accumulation of the start aggregates, the size of the latter remaining unchanged. From a certain moment in time aggregates of higher order, formed as a result of sticking of the start aggregates, make a major contribution to the enhancement of the light scattering intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Golub
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
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42
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Andrews JM, Roberts CJ. A Lumry-Eyring nucleated polymerization model of protein aggregation kinetics: 1. Aggregation with pre-equilibrated unfolding. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:7897-913. [PMID: 17571872 DOI: 10.1021/jp070212j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A mathematical model is presented of the kinetics of non-native protein aggregation that combines Lumry-Eyring and nucleated polymerization (LENP) descriptions. The LENP model is solved for cases in which aggregation rates are slow compared to folding-unfolding equilibration and is shown to be a generalization of a number of previously proposed nucleation-and-growth models for non-native and native protein aggregation. The model solutions exhibit a number of qualitative kinetic regimes. Each regime has a characteristic set of experimental signatures that are related to the relative rates of growth and nucleation as well as to the threshold size at which aggregates condense to form higher-order structures or other phases. Approximate model solutions provide practical rate equations that can be regressed against typical experimental kinetic data to obtain mechanistic parameters characterizing the aggregation pathway. In all kinetic regimes, it is found that observed rate coefficients (kobs) or half-lives (t50) obtained from extent-of-reaction measurements are convolutions of more than one stage in the pathway unless purely seeded growth occurs. Despite this convolution, the combination of apparent reaction order (time domain) and the scaling of kobs or t50 with initial protein concentration provides a means to determine a value for the dominant nucleus size in each case. Additional information, such as equilibrium unfolding thermodynamics and the limiting aggregate size distribution, are required to further deconvolute kobs into intrinsic contributions from nucleation, growth, and conformational changes. The model and analysis are expected to be generally applicable to a wide range of proteins and polypeptides that form non-native aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Andrews
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 150 Academy Street, Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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43
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Rezaei-Ghaleh N, Ebrahim-Habibi A, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Nemat-Gorgani M. Role of electrostatic interactions in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol-induced structural changes and aggregation of alpha-chymotrypsin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2006; 457:160-9. [PMID: 17141725 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2006.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Revised: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been recently demonstrated that alpha-chymotrypsin (CT) can be driven toward amyloid aggregation by addition of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), at intermediate concentrations. In the present article, the process of TFE-induced CT aggregation was investigated in more detailed kinetic terms where the effects of medium conditions, such as temperature, presence of kosmotropic and chaotropic salts, pH and chemical modification of lysine residues were examined. Various techniques, including light scattering, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy, were used to follow and characterize this process. The kinetics of aggregation was found to obey a second-order reaction with respect to protein concentration. The aggregation-prone A-state and aggregation-deficient TFE- or T-state of CT were found to be induced at lower TFE concentrations in the presence of salts. Use of acidic and alkaline conditions and lysine modification also promoted the formation of the T-state. Results presented suggest a role for electrostatic interactions in the aggregation process.
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Afeyan NB, Cooney CL. Professor Daniel I.C. Wang: A legacy of education, innovation, publication, and leadership. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 95:206-217. [PMID: 16933287 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noubar B Afeyan
- Flagship Ventures, One Memorial Drive, 7th Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Charles L Cooney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
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Sah H, Bahl Y. Effects of aqueous phase composition upon protein destabilization at water/organic solvent interface. J Control Release 2005; 106:51-61. [PMID: 16005095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Revised: 03/14/2005] [Accepted: 04/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an aqueous phase composition upon the destabilization of lactoglobulin toward emulsification. Eight different buffers were used to make aqueous lactoglobulin solutions at pH 5.6-9. Each buffer concentration varied from 20 to 60, 100, and 150 mM. After emulsification of the aqueous solutions in methylene chloride, the aqueous contents of lactoglobulin were determined by a native SEC-HPLC assay. The properties of lactoglobulin precipitates detected at the water/methylene chloride interface were assessed by SDS-PAGE experiments. Dynamic interfacial tension was also monitored to examine the interfacial adsorption of lactoglobulin. When dissolved in plain water, only 41.1+/-1.4% of lactoglobulin was recovered after emulsification. The remaining lactoglobulin became aggregated at the interface. A series of SDS-PAGE experiments demonstrated that its aggregation was driven by intermolecular covalent linkages and hydrophobic interactions. Interestingly, both the buffer type and its concentration considerably influenced the degree of lactoglobulin recovery. For instance, at 150 mM buffer concentrations, percent recovery of lactoglobulin was as low as 27.3+/-1.7%. In contrast, the degree of its recovery increased up to 89.4+/-3.9% at a 20 mM buffer concentration. The dynamic interfacial tension study substantiated that at an optimal concentration buffer species helped lactoglobulin molecules to better withstand interfacial destabilization. Therefore, choosing a suitable buffer and its concentration should deserve special attention, since they could affect the interfacial stability of a protein of interest during emulsification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkee Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan City, Gyeongbuk 712-702, South Korea.
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Wang W. Protein aggregation and its inhibition in biopharmaceutics. Int J Pharm 2005; 289:1-30. [PMID: 15652195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 687] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2004] [Revised: 08/20/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is arguably the most common and troubling manifestation of protein instability, encountered in almost all stages of protein drug development. Protein aggregation, along with other physical and/or chemical instabilities of proteins, remains to be one of the major road barriers hindering rapid commercialization of potential protein drug candidates. Although a variety of methods have been used/designed to prevent/inhibit protein aggregation, the end results are often unsatisfactory for many proteins. The limited success is partly due to our lack of a clear understanding of the protein aggregation process. This article intends to discuss protein aggregation and its related mechanisms, methods characterizing protein aggregation, factors affecting protein aggregation, and possible venues in aggregation prevention/inhibition in various stages of protein drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Biotechnology Division, Bayer HealthCare, 800 Dwight Way, Berkeley, CA 94701, USA.
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Panda AK. Bioprocessing of therapeutic proteins from the inclusion bodies of Escherichia coli. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2003; 85:43-93. [PMID: 12930093 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-36466-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli has been most extensively used for the large-scale production of therapeutic proteins, which do not require complex glycosylation for bioactivity. In recent years tremendous progress has been made on the molecular biology, fermentation process development and protein refolding from inclusion bodies for efficient production of therapeutic proteins using E. coli. High cell density fermentation and high throughput purification of the recombinant protein from inclusion bodies of E. coli are the two major bottle necks for the cost effective production of therapeutic proteins. The aim of this review is to summarize the developments both in high cell density, high productive fermentation and inclusion body protein refolding processes using E. coli as an expression system. The first section deals with the problems of high cell density fermentation with an aim to high volumetric productivity of recombinant protein. Process engineering parameters during the expression of ovine growth hormone as inclusion body in E. coli were analyzed. Ovine growth hormone yield was improved from 60 mg L(-1) to 3.2 g L(-1) using fed-batch culture. Similar high volumetric yields were also achieved for human growth hormone and for recombinant bonnet monkey zona pellucida glycoprotein expressed as inclusion bodies in E. coli. The second section deals with purification and refolding of recombinant proteins from the inclusion bodies of E. coli. The nature of inclusion body protein, its characterization and isolation from E. coli has been discussed in detail. Different solubilization and refolding methods, which have been used to recover bioactive protein from inclusion bodies of E. coli have also been discussed. A novel inclusion body protein solubilization method, while retaining the existing native-like secondary structure of the protein and its subsequent refolding in to bioactive form, has been discussed. This inclusion body solubilization and refolding method has been applied to recover bioactive recombinant ovine growth hormone, recombinant human growth hormone and bonnet monkey zona pellucida glycoprotein from the inclusion bodies of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya K Panda
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
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Buswell AM, Middelberg APJ. A new kinetic scheme for lysozyme refolding and aggregation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2003; 83:567-77. [PMID: 12827698 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The competing first- and third-order reaction scheme for lysozyme is shown to not predict fed-batch lysozyme refolding when the model is parameterized using independent batch experiments, even when variations in chemical composition during the fed-batch experiment are accounted for. A new kinetic scheme is proposed that involves rapid partitioning between the alternative fates of refolding and aggregation, and which allows for aggregation via a sequential mechanism. The model assumes that monomeric lysozyme in different states, including native, is able to aggregate with intermediates, accounting for recent experimental evidence that native protein can be incorporated into aggregates and explaining why native protein in the refolding buffer reduces yield. Stopped-flow light-scattering measurements were used to measure the association rate for the sequential aggregation mechanism, and refolding rate constants were determined in a series of batch experiments designed to be "snapshots" of the composition during a fed-batch experiment. The new kinetic scheme gave a good a priori prediction of fed-batch refolding performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mark Buswell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA United Kingdom.
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Lefebvre BG, Robinson AS. Pressure treatment of tailspike aggregates rapidly produces on-pathway folding intermediates. Biotechnol Bioeng 2003; 82:595-604. [PMID: 12652483 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Protein folding and aggregation are in direct competition in living systems, yet measuring the two pathways simultaneously has rarely been accomplished. In order to identify the mechanism of high-pressure dissociation of aggregates, we compared the simultaneous on- and off-pathway behavior following dilution of freshly denatured P22 tailspike protein. Tailspike assembly at 100 microg/mL was monitored at four temperatures using a combination of size-exclusion chromatography and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and folding and aggregation rates and yields were determined. As temperature increased, the yield of native trimeric tailspike decreased from 26.1 +/- 1.3 microg/mL at 20 degrees C to 0 microg/mL at 37 degrees C. Pressure treatment dissociated 60% of the trapped aggregates created at 37 degrees C and yielded 19.8 +/- 1.1 microg/mL of native trimer following depressurization and incubation at 20 degrees C. The rate of refolding of "freshly denatured" tailspike was compared to that following pressure treatment. The trimer formation rate increased by a factor of roughly five, and the aggregate rate decreased by a factor of three, following pressure treatment. Circular dichroism and high-pressure intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence measurements support the model that a structured intermediate is formed in a rapid manner under high pressure from a pressure-sensitive aggregate population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Lefebvre
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 259 Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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Lee MH, Kwak JW. Expression and functional reconstitution of a recombinant antibody (Fab') specific for human apolipoprotein B-100. J Biotechnol 2003; 101:189-98. [PMID: 12568748 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(02)00317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have cloned and constructed plasmid vectors, pETB23H and pETB23L, for bacterial expression of heavy (H) and light (L) chain cDNAs of Fab' of mAbB23 a monoclonal antibody specific to human plasma apolipoprotein (apo) B-100. The H- and L-chains were expressed as insoluble inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli. The inclusion bodies of both chains were isolated from the cell lysate, solubilized in 6 M guanidium-HCl, and mixed in equal molar amounts. Refolding was performed in three stages of dialysis: first, dialysis against 3 M guanidium buffer, next, continuous decrement of guanidium in the dialysis buffer through slow addition of 1 M guanidium buffer, and finally, dialysis against a buffer without guanidium. After the refolding, active Fab' (rFab') was purified through an apo B-100-coupled affinity column. When compared by ELISA, the rFab' had a slightly decreased antigen-binding activity (about 0.7-fold) compared with native Fab. The refolding yield was maximum (75%) when performed at the protein concentrations not more than 0.4 mg ml(-1), whereas the yield decreased exponentially at higher concentrations. The maximum recovery was obtained at the refolding concentration of 1.8 mg ml(-1), where the yield was about 45%. Overall, 2.4-3.0 mg of active rFab' specific to apo B-100 was successfully obtained from 1 l cultivation of E. coli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Hoon Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, PO Box 115, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, South Korea
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