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Monti N, Masiello MG, Proietti S, Catizone A, Ricci G, Harrath AH, Alwasel SH, Cucina A, Bizzarri M. Survival Pathways Are Differently Affected by Microgravity in Normal and Cancerous Breast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020862. [PMID: 33467082 PMCID: PMC7829699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metazoan living cells exposed to microgravity undergo dramatic changes in morphological and biological properties, which ultimately lead to apoptosis and phenotype reprogramming. However, apoptosis can occur at very different rates depending on the experimental model, and in some cases, cells seem to be paradoxically protected from programmed cell death during weightlessness. These controversial results can be explained by considering the notion that the behavior of adherent cells dramatically diverges in respect to that of detached cells, organized into organoids-like, floating structures. We investigated both normal (MCF10A) and cancerous (MCF-7) breast cells and found that appreciable apoptosis occurs only after 72 h in MCF-7 cells growing in organoid-like structures, in which major modifications of cytoskeleton components were observed. Indeed, preserving cell attachment to the substrate allows cells to upregulate distinct Akt- and ERK-dependent pathways in MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells, respectively. These findings show that survival strategies may differ between cell types but cannot provide sufficient protection against weightlessness-induced apoptosis alone if adhesion to the substrate is perturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Monti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Masiello
- Department of Surgery “Pietro Valdoni”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.G.M.); (S.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Sara Proietti
- Department of Surgery “Pietro Valdoni”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.G.M.); (S.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Angela Catizone
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic-Medicine and Orthopedics, Section of Histology and Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giulia Ricci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.H.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Saleh H. Alwasel
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.H.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Alessandra Cucina
- Department of Surgery “Pietro Valdoni”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.G.M.); (S.P.); (A.C.)
- Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-4976-6606
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Effect of Weightlessness on the 3D Structure Formation and Physiologic Function of Human Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4894083. [PMID: 31073526 PMCID: PMC6470427 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4894083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of modern medical technology and the deterioration of living environments, cancer, the most important disease that threatens human health, has attracted increasing concerns. Although remarkable achievements have been made in tumor research during the past several decades, a series of problems such as tumor metastasis and drug resistance still need to be solved. Recently, relevant physiological changes during space exploration have attracted much attention. Thus, space exploration might provide some inspiration for cancer research. Using on ground different methods in order to simulate microgravity, structure and function of cancer cells undergo many unique changes, such as cell aggregation to form 3D spheroids, cell-cycle inhibition, and changes in migration ability and apoptosis. Although numerous better experiments have been conducted on this subject, the results are not consistent. The reason might be that different methods for simulation have been used, including clinostats, random positioning machine (RPM) and rotating wall vessel (RWV) and so on. Therefore, we review the relevant research and try to explain novel mechanisms underlying tumor cell changes under weightlessness.
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CognitionMaster: an object-based image analysis framework. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:34. [PMID: 23445542 PMCID: PMC3626931 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Automated image analysis methods are becoming more and more important to extract and quantify image features in microscopy-based biomedical studies and several commercial or open-source tools are available. However, most of the approaches rely on pixel-wise operations, a concept that has limitations when high-level object features and relationships between objects are studied and if user-interactivity on the object-level is desired. Results In this paper we present an open-source software that facilitates the analysis of content features and object relationships by using objects as basic processing unit instead of individual pixels. Our approach enables also users without programming knowledge to compose “analysis pipelines“ that exploit the object-level approach. We demonstrate the design and use of example pipelines for the immunohistochemistry-based cell proliferation quantification in breast cancer and two-photon fluorescence microscopy data about bone-osteoclast interaction, which underline the advantages of the object-based concept. Conclusions We introduce an open source software system that offers object-based image analysis. The object-based concept allows for a straight-forward development of object-related interactive or fully automated image analysis solutions. The presented software may therefore serve as a basis for various applications in the field of digital image analysis.
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Terryn C, Sellami M, Fichel C, Diebold MD, Gangloff S, Le Naour R, Polette M, Zahm JM. Rapid method of quantification of tight-junction organization using image analysis. Cytometry A 2012; 83:235-41. [PMID: 23212973 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The spatial organization of proteins in a cell population or in tissues is an important parameter to study the functionality of biological specimens. In this article, we have focused on tight junctions which form network-like features in immunofluorescence microscopy images. Usually, the organization or disorganization of tight junctions is noticed qualitatively. The aim of this article is to present a simple method to quantify the organization level of tight junction network using image analysis with a dedicated macro developed with Image J software. The method has been validated with simulated images displaying regular decrease of network organization. Then, the macro has been applied to immunofluorescence microscopy images of cells in culture and of tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Terryn
- Plateforme Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France.
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Beil M, Eckel S, Fleischer F, Schmidt H, Schmidt V, Walther P. Fitting of random tessellation models to keratin filament networks. J Theor Biol 2005; 241:62-72. [PMID: 16380137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 11/07/2005] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The role of specific structural patterns in keratin filament networks for regulating biophysical properties of epithelial cells is poorly understood. This is at least partially due to a lack of methods for the analysis of filament network morphology. We have previously developed a statistical approach to the analysis of keratin filament networks imaged by scanning electron microscopy. The segmentation of images in this study resulted in graph structures, i.e. tessellations, whose structural characteristics are now further investigated by iteratively fitting geometrical statistical models. An optimal model as well as corresponding optimal parameters are detected from a given set of possible random tessellation models, i.e. Poisson-Line tessellations (PLT), Poisson-Voronoi tessellations (PVT) and Poisson-Delaunay tessellations (PDT). Using this method, we investigated the remodeling of keratin filament networks in pancreatic cancer cells in response to transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha), which is involved in pancreatic cancer progression. The results indicate that the fitting of random tessellation models represents a suitable method for the description of complex filament networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Beil
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, D-89070 Ulm, Germany
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Portet S, Arino O, Vassy J, Schoëvaërt D. Organization of the cytokeratin network in an epithelial cell. J Theor Biol 2003; 223:313-33. [PMID: 12850452 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5193(03)00101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is a dynamic three-dimensional structure mainly located in the cytoplasm. It is involved in many cell functions such as mechanical signal transduction and maintenance of cell integrity. Among the three cytoskeletal components, intermediate filaments (the cytokeratin in epithelial cells) are the best candidates for this mechanical role. A model of the establishment of the cytokeratin network of an epithelial cell is proposed to study the dependence of its structural organization on extracellular mechanical environment. To implicitly describe the latter and its effects on the intracellular domain, we use mechanically regulated protein synthesis. Our model is a hybrid of a partial differential equation of parabolic type, governing the evolution of the concentration of cytokeratin, and a set of stochastic differential equations describing the dynamics of filaments. Each filament is described by a stochastic differential equation that reflects both the local interactions with the environment and the non-local interactions via the past history of the filament. A three-dimensional simulation model is derived from this mathematical model. This simulation model is then used to obtain examples of cytokeratin network architectures under given mechanical conditions, and to study the influence of several parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Portet
- Laboratoire d'Analyse d'Images en Pathologie Cellulaire, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris, France.
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Vassy J, Portet S, Beil M, Millot G, Fauvel-Lafève F, Gasset G, Schoevaert D. Weightlessness acts on human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 2003; 32:1595-1603. [PMID: 15002416 DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(03)90400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Because cells are sensitive to mechanical forces, weightlessness might act on stress-dependent cell changes. Human breast cancer cells MCF-7, flown in space in a Photon capsule, were fixed after 1.5, 22 and 48 h in orbit. Cells subjected to weightlessness were compared to 1 g in-flight and ground controls. Post-flight, fluorescent labeling was performed to visualize cell proliferation (Ki-67), three cytoskeleton components and chromatin structure. Confocal microscopy and image analysis were used to quantify cycling cells and mitosis, modifications of the cytokeratin network and chromatin structure. Several main phenomena were observed in weightlessness: The perinuclear cytokeratin network and chromatin structure were looser; More cells were cycling and mitosis was prolonged. Finally, cell proliferation was reduced as a consequence of a cell-cycle blockade; Microtubules were altered in many cells. The results reported in the first point are in agreement with basic predictions of cellular tensegrity. The prolongation of mitosis can be explained by an alteration of microtubules. We discuss here the different mechanisms involved in weightlessness alteration of microtubules: i) alteration of their self-organization by reaction-diffusion processes, and a mathematical model is proposed, ii) activation or deactivation of microtubules stabilizing proteins, acting on both microtubule and microfilament networks in cell cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vassy
- IUH, IFR Saint Louis, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris cedex, France.
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Vassy J, Portet S, Beil M, Millot G, Fauvel-Lafève F, Karniguian A, Gasset G, Irinopoulou T, Calvo F, Rigaut J, Schoevaert D. Effect of weightlessness on cytoskeleton architecture and proliferation of human breast cancer cell line MCF‐7. FASEB J 2001. [DOI: 10.1096/fsb2fj000527fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Vassy
- AIPC Lab., Université Paris 7 IUH, Hôpital Saint Louis 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux 75475 Paris cedex 10 France
| | - S. Portet
- AIPC Lab., Université Paris 7 IUH, Hôpital Saint Louis 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux 75475 Paris cedex 10 France
| | - M. Beil
- Dept. of Internal Medicine I University Hospital Ulm Germany
- IMAGENIUM 33 rue St Roch 75001 Paris France
| | - G. Millot
- Pharmacologie Lab. IUH, Hôpital Saint Louis 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux 75475 Paris cedex 10 France
| | - F. Fauvel-Lafève
- U353 INSERM IUH, Hôpital Saint Louis 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux 75475 Paris cedex 10 France
| | - A. Karniguian
- U353 INSERM IUH, Hôpital Saint Louis 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux 75475 Paris cedex 10 France
| | - G. Gasset
- GSBMS Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
| | | | - F. Calvo
- Pharmacologie Lab. IUH, Hôpital Saint Louis 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux 75475 Paris cedex 10 France
| | - J.P. Rigaut
- AIPC Lab., Université Paris 7 IUH, Hôpital Saint Louis 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux 75475 Paris cedex 10 France
| | - D. Schoevaert
- AIPC Lab., Université Paris 7 IUH, Hôpital Saint Louis 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux 75475 Paris cedex 10 France
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Meng ZH, Dyer K, Billiar TR, Tweardy DJ. Essential role for IL-6 in postresuscitation inflammation in hemorrhagic shock. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2001; 280:C343-51. [PMID: 11208530 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.2001.280.2.c343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is produced within multiple tissues and can be readily detected in the circulation in resuscitated hemorrhagic shock (HS). Instillation of IL-6 into lungs of normal rats induces polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocyte (PMN) infiltration and lung damage, while infusion of IL-6 into the systemic circulation of rats during resuscitation from HS reduces PMN recruitment and lung injury. The current study was designed to determine whether or not IL-6 makes an essential contribution to postresuscitation inflammation and which of the two effects of IL-6, its local proinflammatory effect or its systemic anti-inflammatory effect, is dominant in HS. Wild-type and IL-6-deficient mice were subjected to HS followed by resuscitation and death 4 h later. IL-6-deficient mice subjected to HS did not demonstrate any features of postresuscitation inflammation observed in wild-type mice, including increased PMN infiltration into the lungs, increased alveolar cross-sectional surface area, increased PMN infiltration into the liver, increased liver necrosis, increased signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation, and increased nuclear factor-kappaB activity. These findings indicate that IL-6 is an essential component of the postresuscitation inflammatory cascade in HS and that the local proinflammatory effects of IL-6 on PMN infiltration and organ damage in HS dominate over the anti-inflammatory effects of systemic IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Meng
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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