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Karabulut H, Dutta A, Moukbil Y, Cisen Akyol A, Ulag S, Aydin B, Gulhan R, Us Z, Kalaskar DM, Gunduz O. Fabrication of ethosuximide loaded alginate/polyethylene oxide scaffolds for epilepsy research using 3D-printing method. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1244323. [PMID: 38107613 PMCID: PMC10722276 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1244323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a medical condition that causes seizures and impairs the mental and physical activities of patients. Unfortunately, over one-third of patients do not receive adequate relief from oral Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) and continue to experience seizures. In addition to that, long term usage of Antiepileptic Drugs can cause a range of side effects. To overcome this problem, the precision of 3D printing technology is combined with the controlled release capabilities of biodegradable polymers, allowing for tailored and localized AED delivery to specific seizure sites. As a result of this novel technique, therapeutic outcomes can be enhanced, side effects of AEDs are minimized, and patient-specific dosage forms can be created. This study focused on the use of ethosuximide, an antiepileptic drug, at different concentrations (10, 13, and 15 mg) loaded into 3D-printed sodium alginate and polyethylene oxide scaffolds. The scaffolds contained varying concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75% w/v) and had varying pores created by 3D patterning sizes from 159.86 ± 19.9 µm to 240.29 ± 10.7 µm to optimize the releasing system for an intracranial administration. The addition of PEO changed the Tg and Tm temperatures from 65°C to 69°C and from 262°C to 267°C, respectively. Cytotoxicity assays using the human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) showed that cell metabolic activity reached 130% after 168 h, allowing the cells to develop into mature neural cells. In vitro testing demonstrated sustained ethosuximide release lasting 2 hours despite crosslinking with 3% CaCl2. The workpaves the way for the use of ethosuximide -loaded scaffolds for treating epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Karabulut
- Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, United States
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Abir Dutta
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yunis Moukbil
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Aysim Cisen Akyol
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Songul Ulag
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Banu Aydin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Rezzan Gulhan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Epilepsy Research and Implementation Center, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Us
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Deepak M. Kalaskar
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oguzhan Gunduz
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Altan E, Turker N, Hindy OA, Dirican Z, Ozakpinar OB, Demir AU, Kalaskar D, Thakur S, Gunduz O. Investigation of 3D-printed chitosan-xanthan gum patches. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:259-267. [PMID: 35649439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, using a new polymer combination of Chitosan(CH)/Xanthan Gum(XG) has been exhibited for wound dressing implementation by the 3D-Printing method, which was fabricated due to its biocompatible, biodegradable, improved mechanical strength, low degradation rate, and hydrophilic nature to develop cell-mimicking, cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Different concentrations of XG were added to the CH solution as 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1, and 2 wt% respectively in the formic acid/distilled water (1.5:8.5) solution and rheologically characterized to evaluate their printability. The results demonstrated that high mechanical strength, hydrophilic properties, and slow degradation rate were observed with the presence and increment of XG concentration within the 3D-Printed patches. Moreover, in vitro cell culture research was conducted by seeding NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells on the patches, proving the cell proliferation rate, viability, and adhesion. Finally, 1% XG and 4% CH containing 3D-Printed patches were great potential for wound dressing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eray Altan
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurgul Turker
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osama Ali Hindy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ozlem Bingol Ozakpinar
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Deepak Kalaskar
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - Sourbh Thakur
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Oguzhan Gunduz
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Carpa R, Remizovschi A, Culda CA, Butiuc-Keul AL. Inherent and Composite Hydrogels as Promising Materials to Limit Antimicrobial Resistance. Gels 2022; 8:70. [PMID: 35200452 PMCID: PMC8870943 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has increased significantly in the recent years, and has become a global problem for human health and the environment. As a result, several technologies for the controlling of health-care associated infections have been developed over the years. Thus, the most recent findings in hydrogel fabrication, particularly antimicrobial hydrogels, could offer valuable solutions for these biomedical challenges. In this review, we discuss the most promising strategies in the development of antimicrobial hydrogels and the application of hydrogels in the treatment of microbial infections. The latest advances in the development of inherently and composite antimicrobial hydrogels will be discussed, as well as hydrogels as carriers of antimicrobials, with a focus on antibiotics, metal nanoparticles, antimicrobial peptides, and biological extracts. The emergence of CRISR-Cas9 technology for removing the antimicrobial resistance has led the necessity of new and performant carriers for delivery of the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Different delivery systems, such as composite hydrogels and many types of nanoparticles, attracted a great deal of attention and will be also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahela Carpa
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogalniceanu Street, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.C.); (A.L.B.-K.)
- Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Babeş-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexei Remizovschi
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogalniceanu Street, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.C.); (A.L.B.-K.)
- Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Babeş-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carla Andreea Culda
- Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Anca Livia Butiuc-Keul
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogalniceanu Street, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.C.); (A.L.B.-K.)
- Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Babeş-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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de Moura LD, Ribeiro LNM, de Carvalho FV, Rodrigues da Silva GH, Lima Fernandes PC, Brunetto SQ, Ramos CD, Velloso LA, de Araújo DR, de Paula E. Docetaxel and Lidocaine Co-Loaded (NLC-in-Hydrogel) Hybrid System Designed for the Treatment of Melanoma. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101552. [PMID: 34683846 PMCID: PMC8537790 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin carcinoma and nanotechnology can bring new options for its pharmacological treatment. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are ideal drug-delivery carriers for hydrophobic drugs, such as the antineoplastic docetaxel (DTX), and hybrid (NLC-in-hydrogel) systems are suitable for topical application. This work describes a formulation of NLCDTX in xanthan-chitosan hydrogel containing lidocaine (LDC) with anticancer and analgesia effects. The optimized nanoparticles encapsulated 96% DTX and rheological analysis revealed inherent viscoelastic properties of the hydrogel. In vitro assays over murine fibroblasts (NIH/3T3) and melanoma cells (B16-F10), human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and melanoma cells (SK-MEL-103) showed reduction of docetaxel cytotoxicity after encapsulation in NLCDTX and HGel-NLCDTX. Addition of LDC to the hybrid system (HGel-NLCDTX-LDC) increased cell death in tumor and normal cells. In vivo tests on C57BL/6J mice with B16-F10-induced melanoma indicated that LDC, NLCDTX, HGel-NLCDTX-LDC and NLCDTX + HGel-LDC significantly inhibited tumor growth while microPET/SPECT/CT data suggest better prognosis with the hybrid treatment. No adverse effects were observed in cell survival, weight/feed-consumption or serum biochemical markers (ALT, AST, creatinine, urea) of animals treated with NLCDTX or the hybrid system. These results confirm the adjuvant antitumor effect of lidocaine and endorse HGel-NLCDTX-LDC as a promising formulation for the topical treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmilla David de Moura
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (L.D.d.M.); (L.N.M.R.); (F.V.d.C.); (G.H.R.d.S.); (P.C.L.F.)
| | - Lígia N. M. Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (L.D.d.M.); (L.N.M.R.); (F.V.d.C.); (G.H.R.d.S.); (P.C.L.F.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia—UFU, Uberlândia 38405-319, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabíola V. de Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (L.D.d.M.); (L.N.M.R.); (F.V.d.C.); (G.H.R.d.S.); (P.C.L.F.)
| | - Gustavo H. Rodrigues da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (L.D.d.M.); (L.N.M.R.); (F.V.d.C.); (G.H.R.d.S.); (P.C.L.F.)
| | - Priscila C. Lima Fernandes
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (L.D.d.M.); (L.N.M.R.); (F.V.d.C.); (G.H.R.d.S.); (P.C.L.F.)
| | - Sérgio Q. Brunetto
- Radiology Department, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil; (S.Q.B.); (C.D.R.)
| | - Celso D. Ramos
- Radiology Department, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil; (S.Q.B.); (C.D.R.)
| | - Lício A. Velloso
- Clinical Medicine Department, School of Medicine Science, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil;
| | - Daniele R. de Araújo
- Human and Natural Science Center, ABC Federal University—UFABC, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil;
| | - Eneida de Paula
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (L.D.d.M.); (L.N.M.R.); (F.V.d.C.); (G.H.R.d.S.); (P.C.L.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Mohan P, Kesavan K. Cationic Polyelectrolyte Nanocapsules of Moxifloxacin for Microbial Keratitis Therapy: Development, Characterization, and Pharmacodynamic Study. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:195. [PMID: 34184117 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial keratitis (MK) is a vision-threatening disease and the fourth leading cause of blindness worldwide. In this work, we aim to develop moxifloxacin (MXN)-loaded chitosan-based cationic mucoadhesive polyelectrolyte nanocapsules (PENs) for the effective treatment of MK. PENs were formulated by polyelectrolyte complex coacervation method and characterized for their particle size, surface charge, morphology, mucoadhesive property, in-vitro and ex-vivo release, ocular tolerance, and antimicrobial efficacy studies. The pharmacodynamic study was conducted on rabbit eye model of induced keratitis and it is compared with marketed formulation (MF). Developed PENs showed the size range from 230.7 ± 0.64 to 249.0 ± 0.49 nm and positive surface charge, spherical shape along with appropriate physico-chemical parameters. Both in-vitro and ex-vivo examination concludes that PENs having more efficiency in sustained release of MXN compared to MF. Ocular irritation studies demonstrated that no corneal damage or ocular irritation. The in-vivo study proved that the anti-bacterial efficacy of PENs was improved when compared with MF. These results suggested that PENs are a feasible choice for MK therapy because of their ability to enhance ocular retention of loaded MXN through interaction with the corneal surface of the mucous membrane.
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Kumara BN, Shambhu R, Prasad KS. Why chitosan could be apt candidate for glaucoma drug delivery - An overview. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:47-65. [PMID: 33581206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most of the people in the world are affected by glaucoma, which leads to irreversible blindness. Several patient friendly treatments are available, nevertheless medications lack an easy and efficient way of sustained delivery. To make the delivery with enhanced bioavailability, biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers-based drug carriers are explored. However, ocular drug delivery issues have not been resolved yet due to less adhesiveness, poor penetration ability, pH, and temperature dependent burst releases. Chitosan is found to be effective for ocular drug delivery due to excellent physio-chemical properties in terms of overcoming the existing issues. In this review, we aim to highlight why it has been chosen and the holy grail for ocular drug delivery. Besides, we have comprehensively reviewed recent patents on chitosan as a platform for ocular drug delivery and future perspectives on factors, lacunae and challenges that need to be addressed for better ocular delivery methods for glaucoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Kumara
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory [NMRL], Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya [Deemed to be University], Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India
| | - Rashmi Shambhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya [Deemed to be University], Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India
| | - K Sudhakara Prasad
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory [NMRL], Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya [Deemed to be University], Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India; Centre for Nutrition Studies, Yenepoya [Deemed to be University], Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India.
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Development and Evaluation of Superabsorbent Hydrogels Based on Natural Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102173. [PMID: 32977618 PMCID: PMC7598176 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Superabsorbent hydrogels (SAHs) are three dimensional networks formed by polymers that can absorb aqueous solution of over 100% of their initial weight. This work aimed to develop and characterize SAHs of Chitosan/Xanthan gum (CG), Chitosan/Alginate (CA) and controlled Chitosan (C), Xanthan gum (G), and Alginate (A) produced using “onion-like” methodology. The swelling performance, the morphological structure, the crystallinity, and the Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy characteristics of SAH were used for the characterization of polyelectrolytes complex. Swelling analysis showed that chitosan has a strong influence on the maintenance of hydrogels structure after swelling, mainly in the acid environment (pH = 2). The chitosan hydrogel presented around 3000% of acidic fluid absorption after 24 h. The chitosan:xanthan gum (1:1 and 2:1 named as C1G1 and C2G1, respectively) hydrogels were the best combination regarding swelling performance in an acid environment, reaching 1665% and 2024%, respectively, as well at pH 7.0, presenting 1005% (C1G1) and 667% (C2G1). Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed samples with pores, and with different shapes. The X-ray diffraction showed the presence of a characteristic peak at 2θ = 20° in all developed composition because of the crystalline nature of chitosan. This work shows the possibility of developing eco-friendly biopolymer-based SAHs at a low cost with a good swelling capacity and stability.
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Biomimicry of microbial polysaccharide hydrogels for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine – A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Patel J, Maji B, Moorthy NSHN, Maiti S. Xanthan gum derivatives: review of synthesis, properties and diverse applications. RSC Adv 2020; 10:27103-27136. [PMID: 35515783 PMCID: PMC9055500 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04366d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides are well known for their biocompatibility, non-toxicity and biodegradability. These properties are also inherent to xanthan gum (XG), a microbial polysaccharide. This biomaterial has been extensively investigated as matrices for tablets, nanoparticles, microparticles, hydrogels, buccal/transdermal patches, tissue engineering scaffolds with different degrees of success. However, the native XG has its own limitations with regards to its susceptibility to microbial contamination, unusable viscosity, poor thermal and mechanical stability, and inadequate water solubility. Chemical modification can circumvent these limitations and tailor the properties of virgin XG to fulfill the unmet needs of drug delivery, tissue engineering, oil drilling and other applications. This review illustrates the process of chemical modification and/crosslinking of XG via etherification, esterification, acetalation, amidation, and oxidation. This review further describes the tailor-made properties of novel XG derivatives and their potential application in diverse fields. The physicomechanical modification and its impact on the properties of XG are also discussed. Overall, the recent developments on XG derivatives are very promising to progress further with polysaccharide research. Due to presence of hydroxy and carboxy functional groups, xanthan gum is amenable to various chemical modification for producing derivatives such as carboxymethyl xanthan and carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl xanthan with desirable properties for end use.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwala Patel
- Department of Pharmacy
- Indira Gandhi National Tribal University
- Amarkantak
- India
| | - Biswajit Maji
- Department of Chemistry
- Indira Gandhi National Tribal University
- Amarkantak
- India
| | | | - Sabyasachi Maiti
- Department of Pharmacy
- Indira Gandhi National Tribal University
- Amarkantak
- India
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Dubey V, Mohan P, Dangi JS, Kesavan K. Brinzolamide loaded chitosan-pectin mucoadhesive nanocapsules for management of glaucoma: Formulation, characterization and pharmacodynamic study. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 152:1224-1232. [PMID: 31751741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Brinzolamide (BNZ) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor commonly used for the treatment of glaucoma. The aim of this study was to prepare BNZ loaded chitosan-pectin mucoadhesive nanocapsules (CPNCs) by polyelectrolyte complex coacervation method for ocular delivery and evaluated for its anti glaucoma efficacy. METHODS The prepared CPNCs were characterized for their particle size, polydispersity index, zeta-potential, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, drug loading efficiency, mucoadhesive strength in-vitro and ex-vivo release. The pharmacodynamic studies were conducted for CPNCs on glaucoma induced rabbit eye model and compared with marketed product. RESULT AND DISCUSSION All the formulated CPNCs exhibited the size range from 217.01 ± 0.21 to 240.05 ± 0.08 nm and appropriate physico-chemical parameters, and depicted a couple of erosion- diffusion release of BNZ over a time of 8 h. Ex-vivo corneal permeation study concluded that BNZ loaded CPNCs crosses the cornea potentially higher rate as compared to the marketed product. In pharmacodynamic study, greater intraocular pressure lowering effect was achieved by CPNCs as compared to marketed drug product. CONCLUSION The result concluded that CPNCs are a feasible choice to conventional eye drops because of its ability to improve the bioavailability via its longer precorneal retention time and its ability to sustained release of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India
| | - Parasuraman Mohan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India
| | - Jawahar Singh Dangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India
| | - Karthikeyan Kesavan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India.
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Yang D, Wu W, Wang S. Biocompatibility and degradability of alginate-poly- L-arginine microcapsules prepared by high-voltage electrostatic process. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1417291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dayun Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wenguo Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shibin Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Uğur Aydin Z, Akpinar KE, Hepokur C, Erdönmez D. Assessment of toxicity and oxidative DNA damage of sodium hypochlorite, chitosan and propolis on fibroblast cells. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e119. [PMID: 30517428 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on human fibroblast cell lines of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chitosan and propolis as root canal irrigating solutions. Human fibroblast cells were exposed to chitosan, propolis and NaOCl for 4 and 24 h. Cell viability was assessed by 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide, and oxidative DNA damage was assessed by determination of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level with an ELISA kit. The data of cell cytotoxicity were analysed statistically using a test of one-way analysis of variance at a significance level of p < 0.05. In the NaOCI group, the 8-OHdG level was higher than in the chitosan group, but there was no statistical difference when compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). It was determined that the irrigation solutions were cytotoxic, depending on the dose and time. NaOCl was the most toxic solution after both 4 and 24 h of exposure (p < 0.05). Chitosan and propolis may be alternatives to NaOCl for irrigation solutions, because they are both less toxic and produce less oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Uğur Aydin
- University of Abant Izzet Baysal, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Kerem Engin Akpinar
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ceylan Hepokur
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Demet Erdönmez
- Aksaray University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology, Aksaray, Turkey
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Encapsulation of ciprofloxacin within modified xanthan gum- chitosan based hydrogel for drug delivery. Bioorg Chem 2018; 84:115-124. [PMID: 30500521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to investigate the preparation of polyelectrolyte hydrogel as potential drug carrier for antibacterial Ciprofloxacin drug (CFX), intended for controlled release formulation. Hydrogel of N-trimehtyl chitosan (TMC)/sodium carboxymethyl xanthan gum (CMXG) was prepared and ciprofloxacin was employed as a model drug to investigate the loading and release performance of the prepared hydrogel. FTIR, DSC, TGA and SEM analysis were used to characterize the TMC/CMXG hydrogel and its CFX loaded hydrogel. The results showed that the ciprofloxacin was successfully incorporated and released from the prepared hydrogel without the loss of structural integrity or the change in its functionality. The encapsulation efficiency of CFX within the prepared hydrogel was found to be increased with increasing the concentration of drug reaching about 93.8 ± 2.1% with concentration of CFX 250 µg/ml. It was shown also that the drug is entrapped within the gel without significant interaction as confirmed from FTIR spectra and DSC analysis. In vitro release study in phosphate buffer saline (PBS), indicated the steady rise in cumulative drug release with the highest release amount, reaching about 96.1 ± 1.8% up to 150 min, whereby the gel with high drug loading efficiency (3.52 ± 0.07%) displayed faster and higher release rate than that of gel containing a smaller amount of drug (0.44 ± 0.01%). The release kinetics of loaded drug followed zero-order kinetics. CFX drug loaded hydrogel showed high activity against the gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains due to the successful released of CFX from the CFX loaded hydrogel into the tested bacterial strains with the highest diameter of inhibition zone against Escherichia coli (67.0 ± 1.0) as compared to reference antibiotic, Gentamicin (28 ± 0.5). Cytotoxicity of the prepared hydrogel was examined in vitro using lung human normal cell lines and showed the highest cell viability (97 ± 0.5%) at concentration up to 50 µg/ml. Consequently, TMC/CMXG hydrogel can be proposed as new controlled release drug delivery system.
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Fernandez-Piñeiro I, Alvarez-Trabado J, Márquez J, Badiola I, Sanchez A. Xanthan gum-functionalised span nanoparticles for gene targeting to endothelial cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 170:411-420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Application of xanthan gum as polysaccharide in tissue engineering: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 180:128-144. [PMID: 29103488 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Xanthan gum is a microbial high molecular weight exo-polysaccharide produced by Xanthomonas bacteria (a Gram-negative bacteria genus that exhibits several different species) and it has widely been used as an additive in various industrial and biomedical applications such as food and food packaging, cosmetics, water-based paints, toiletries, petroleum, oil-recovery, construction and building materials, and drug delivery. Recently, it has shown great potential in issue engineering applications and a variety of modification methods have been employed to modify xanthan gum as polysaccharide for this purpose. However, xanthan gum-based biomaterials need further modification for several targeted applications due to some disadvantages (e.g., processing and mechanical performance of xanthan gum), where modified xanthan gum will be well suited for tissue engineering products. In this review, the current scenario of the use of xanthan gum for various tissue engineering applications, including its origin, structure, properties, modification, and processing for the preparation of the hydrogels and/or the scaffolds is precisely reviewed.
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Castel-Molieres M, Conzatti G, Torrisani J, Rouilly A, Cavalie S, Carrere N, Tourrette A. Influence of Homogenization Technique and Blend Ratio on Chitosan/Alginate Polyelectrolyte Complex Properties. J Med Biol Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-017-0304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Singh R, Shitiz K, Singh A. Chitin and chitosan: biopolymers for wound management. Int Wound J 2017; 14:1276-1289. [PMID: 28799228 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin and chitosan are biopolymers with excellent bioactive properties, such as biodegradability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, haemostatic activity and antimicrobial activity. A wide variety of biomedical applications for chitin and chitin derivatives have been reported, including wound-healing applications. They are reported to promote rapid dermal regeneration and accelerate wound healing. A number of dressing materials based on chitin and chitosan have been developed for the treatment of wounds. Chitin and chitosan with beneficial intrinsic properties and high potential for wound healing are attractive biopolymers for wound management. This review presents an overview of properties, biomedical applications and the role of these biopolymers in wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Singh
- Defence Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Organization, Jodhpur, India
| | - Kirti Shitiz
- Defence Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Organization, Jodhpur, India
| | - Antaryami Singh
- Defence Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Organization, Jodhpur, India
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Vaca-Cornejo F, Reyes HM, Jiménez SHD, Velázquez RAL, Jiménez JMD. Pilot Study Using a Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite Implant for Guided Alveolar Bone Growth in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis. J Funct Biomater 2017; 8:jfb8030029. [PMID: 28753925 PMCID: PMC5618280 DOI: 10.3390/jfb8030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease associated with significant loss of alveolar crest and soft tissue attached to the teeth. Chitosan and hydroxyapatite are biomaterials used for bone tissue repair because of their biodegradability and biocompatibility in nature. The present study evaluated the effects of chitosan (CH) in combination with hydroxyapatite (HAP) to promote alveolar bone growth. A chitosan implant mixed with hydroxyapatite was implanted into the affected area of 9 patients suffering chronic periodontitis. Patients were evaluated through X-ray images and a millimetric slide over a one year period. The application of CH/HAP produced an average alveolar bone growth of 5.77 mm (±1.87 mm). At the onset of the study, the dental pocket exhibited a depth level (DPDL) of 8.66 mm and decreased to 3.55 mm one year after the implant. Tooth mobility grade was 2.44 mm at the onset and 0.8 mm at the end of the study with a significant difference of p < 0.001. Moreover, the bone density in the affected areas was similar to the density of the bone adjacent to it. This result was confirmed with the software implant viewer from Anne Solutions Company. In conclusion, the CH/HAP implant promoted alveolar bone growth in periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Vaca-Cornejo
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences ,University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44100, Mexico.
| | - Héctor Macías Reyes
- Department of Clinical Surgery, Fray Antonio Alcalde Hospital, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44100, Mexico.
| | - Sergio H Dueñas Jiménez
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences ,University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44100, Mexico.
| | | | - Judith M Dueñas Jiménez
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences ,University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44100, Mexico.
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The Use of Xanthan Gum as Vaccine Adjuvant: An Evaluation of Immunostimulatory Potential in BALB/c Mice and Cytotoxicity In Vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3925024. [PMID: 28555192 PMCID: PMC5438839 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3925024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The successful production of new, safe, and effective vaccines that generate immunological memory is directly related to adjuvant feature, which is responsible for increasing and/or modulating the immune response. Several compounds display adjuvant activity, including carbohydrates. These compounds play important roles in the immune response, as well as having biocompatible properties in vaccine formulations. One such carbohydrate is xanthan gum, a polysaccharide that is produced by the plant-pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas spp., which has adjuvant attributes. This study evaluated the immune response induced by xanthan gum associated with ovalbumin in BALB/c mice, which were subcutaneously immunized, in terms of antibody production (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3), and assessed the levels of IFN-γ in the splenocyte culture using indirect ELISA. Furthermore, we investigated in vitro cytotoxicity of xanthan in the embryo fibroblasts cell line of the NIH/3T3 mouse by MTT assay and propidium iodide uptake assay. The mice immunized with ovalbumin plus xanthan gum exhibited higher antibody IgG1 responses than control groups. Furthermore, the xanthan polysaccharide was capable of increasing the immunogenicity of antigens by producing IFN-γ and did not exhibit cytotoxicity effects in NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblast cells, considered a promising candidate for vaccine adjuvant.
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Racine L, Texier I, Auzély-Velty R. Chitosan-based hydrogels: recent design concepts to tailor properties and functions. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Racine
- Grenoble Alpes University and CEA LETI MlNATEC Campus; France
- Grenoble Alpes University, CERMAV-CNRS; France
| | - Isabelle Texier
- Grenoble Alpes University and CEA LETI MlNATEC Campus; France
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Rutz JK, Borges CD, Zambiazi RC, Crizel-Cardozo MM, Kuck LS, Noreña CPZ. Microencapsulation of palm oil by complex coacervation for application in food systems. Food Chem 2016; 220:59-66. [PMID: 27855936 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at microencapsulating palm oil, containing high carotenoid content, with chitosan/xanthan and chitosan/pectin, using the complex coacervation method, followed by atomization and lyophilization. The DSC technique was used to confirm the encapsulation. The atomized microparticles had spherical shape and irregular size, and the lyophilized microparticles had irregular shape and size. Lyophilization resulted in lower carotenoids losses, and higher yield and encapsulation efficiency. In addition, the release profile in both water and gastrointestinal fluid was satisfactory. Prior to their application in food, a greater percentage of carotenoids was released in the fluid that simulates gastrointestinal conditions; however, the compounds were degraded after their release. In this case, the chitosan/pectin microparticles showed the best release profile. After processing, the release was lower and the released compounds were not degraded. Thus, the chitosan/xanthan microparticles showed the best potential for practical application, particularly, in yogurt preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane K Rutz
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Caroline D Borges
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceuticals and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rui C Zambiazi
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceuticals and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele M Crizel-Cardozo
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza S Kuck
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caciano P Z Noreña
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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22
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Sun Y, Yang Q, Wang H. Synthesis and Characterization of Nanodiamond Reinforced Chitosan for Bone Tissue Engineering. J Funct Biomater 2016; 7:jfb7030027. [PMID: 27649252 PMCID: PMC5041000 DOI: 10.3390/jfb7030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional tissue scaffold material nanodiamond (ND)/chitosan (CS) composites with different diamond concentrations from 1 wt % to 5 wt % were synthesized through a solution casting method. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nanoindentation. Compared with pristine CS, the addition of ND resulted in a significant improvement of mechanical properties, including a 239%, 276%, 321%, 333%, and 343% increase in Young’s modulus and a 68%, 96%, 114%, 118%, and 127% increase in hardness when the ND amount was 1 wt %, 2 wt %, 3 wt %, 4 wt %, and 5 wt %, respectively. The strong interaction between ND surface groups and the chitosan matrix plays an important role in improving mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
| | - Qiaoqin Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
| | - Haidong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
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23
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Fareez IM, Lim SM, Lim FT, Mishra RK, Ramasamy K. Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus
SP. Using Chitosan-Alginate-Xanthan Gum-β-Cyclodextrin and Characterization of its Cholesterol Reducing Potential and Resistance Against pH, Temperature and Storage. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail M. Fareez
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300 Malaysia
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Shah Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 40450 Malaysia
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300 Malaysia
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Shah Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 40450 Malaysia
| | - Fei Tieng Lim
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300 Malaysia
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Shah Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 40450 Malaysia
| | - Rakesh K. Mishra
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300 Malaysia
- Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group; Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Shah Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 40450 Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300 Malaysia
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Shah Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 40450 Malaysia
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Jakki SL, Ramesh YV, Gowthamarajan K, Senthil V, Jain K, Sood S, Pathak D. Novel anionic polymer as a carrier for CNS delivery of anti-Alzheimer drug. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3471-3479. [DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1196767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Satya Lavanya Jakki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Off Campus J.S.S. University, Mysore, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India,
| | - Yasam Venkata Ramesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Off Campus J.S.S. University, Mysore, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India,
| | - K. Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Off Campus J.S.S. University, Mysore, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India,
| | - V. Senthil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Off Campus J.S.S. University, Mysore, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India,
| | - Kunal Jain
- Scientific Writer, Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India,
| | - Sumeet Sood
- Scientific Writer, Indegene Lifesystems Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, and
| | - Deepa Pathak
- Head (R&D), United Biotech Pvt. Ltd, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Mokhtarzadeh A, Alibakhshi A, Yaghoobi H, Hashemi M, Hejazi M, Ramezani M. Recent advances on biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles as gene carriers. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:771-85. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1169269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Rossow T, Seiffert S. Supramolecular Polymer Networks: Preparation, Properties, and Potential. SUPRAMOLECULAR POLYMER NETWORKS AND GELS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15404-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pires ALR, Moraes ÂM. Improvement of the mechanical properties of chitosan-alginate wound dressings containing silver through the addition of a biocompatible silicone rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Resende Pires
- Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas SP-CEP 13083-852 Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Moraes
- Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas SP-CEP 13083-852 Brazil
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Xanthan gum as an adjuvant in a subunit vaccine preparation against leptospirosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:636491. [PMID: 24895594 PMCID: PMC4033433 DOI: 10.1155/2014/636491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (Lig) proteins are of great interest due to their ability to act as mediators of pathogenesis, serodiagnostic antigens, and immunogens. Purified recombinant LigA protein is the most promising subunit vaccine candidate against leptospirosis reported to date, however, as purified proteins are weak immunogens the use of a potent adjuvant is essential for the success of LigA as a subunit vaccine. In the present study, we compared xanthan pv. pruni (strain 106), aluminium hydroxide (alhydrogel), and CpG ODN as adjuvants in a LigA subunit vaccine preparation. Xanthan gum is a high molecular weight extracellular polysaccharide produced by fermentation of Xanthomonas spp., a plant-pathogenic bacterium genus. Preparations containing xanthan induced a strong antibody response comparable to that observed when alhydrogel was used. Upon challenge with a virulent strain of L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni, significant protection (Fisher test, P < 0.05) was observed in 100%, 100%, and 67% of hamsters immunized with rLigANI-xanthan, LigA-CpG-xanthan, and rLigANI-alhydrogel, respectively. Furthermore, xanthan did not cause cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in vitro. The use of xanthan as an adjuvant is a novel alternative for enhancing the immunogenicity of vaccines against leptospirosis and possibly against other pathogens.
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de Vos P, Lazarjani HA, Poncelet D, Faas MM. Polymers in cell encapsulation from an enveloped cell perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 67-68:15-34. [PMID: 24270009 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, many polymers have been proposed for producing immunoprotective capsules. Examples include the natural polymers alginate, agarose, chitosan, cellulose, collagen, and xanthan and synthetic polymers poly(ethylene glycol), polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, poly(ether-sulfone), polypropylene, sodium polystyrene sulfate, and polyacrylate poly(acrylonitrile-sodium methallylsulfonate). The biocompatibility of these polymers is discussed in terms of tissue responses in both the host and matrix to accommodate the functional survival of the cells. Cells should grow and function in the polymer network as adequately as in their natural environment. This is critical when therapeutic cells from scarce cadaveric donors are considered, such as pancreatic islets. Additionally, the cell mass in capsules is discussed from the perspective of emerging new insights into the release of so-called danger-associated molecular pattern molecules by clumps of necrotic therapeutic cells. We conclude that despite two decades of intensive research, drawing conclusions about which polymer is most adequate for clinical application is still difficult. This is because of the lack of documentation on critical information, such as the composition of the polymer, the presence or absence of confounding factors that induce immune responses, toxicity to enveloped cells, and the permeability of the polymer network. Only alginate has been studied extensively and currently qualifies for application. This review also discusses critical issues that are not directly related to polymers and are not discussed in the other reviews in this issue, such as the functional performance of encapsulated cells in vivo. Physiological endocrine responses may indeed not be expected because of the many barriers that the metabolites encounter when traveling from the blood stream to the enveloped cells and back to circulation. However, despite these diffusion barriers, many studies have shown optimal regulation, allowing us to conclude that encapsulated grafts do not always follow nature's course but are still a possible solution for many endocrine disorders for which the minute-to-minute regulation of metabolites is mandatory.
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Luo Y, Wang Q. Recent development of chitosan-based polyelectrolyte complexes with natural polysaccharides for drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 64:353-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Martínez-Gómez A, Cruz-Barba L, Sánchez-Díaz J, Becerra-Bracamontes F, Martínez-Ruvalcaba A. Plasma enhanced modification of xanthan and its use in chitosan/xanthan hydrogels. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.J. Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Guadalajara; Guadalajara 44430 Jalisco Mexico
| | - L.E. Cruz-Barba
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Guadalajara; Guadalajara 44430 Jalisco Mexico
| | - J.C. Sánchez-Díaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Guadalajara; Guadalajara 44430 Jalisco Mexico
| | | | - A. Martínez-Ruvalcaba
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Guadalajara; Guadalajara 44430 Jalisco Mexico
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Pathak D, Kumar P, Kuppusamy G, Gupta A, Kamble B, Wadhwani A. Physicochemical characterization and toxicological evaluation of plant-based anionic polymers and their nanoparticulated system for ocular delivery. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8:843-55. [PMID: 23952497 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.834996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The water-soluble fractions of mucilages and gum from the seeds of fenugreek, isphagula and mango bark exudate were isolated, purified and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), maldi/GC-MS, elemental analysis, 1D ((1)H and (13)C) and 2D (HMQC, COSY) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The fenugreek mucilage was identified to be a galactomannan chain consisting of 4 units of galactose attached to the backbone of 6 mannose units in 1:1.5 ratio. The isphagula mucilage was identified to be an arabinoxylan polysaccharide chain consisting of 4 units of arabinofuranose attached to the backbone of 9 xylopyrannose units in 1:3 ratio. The mango gum showed the presence of amylose, α-arabinofuranosyl and β-galactopyranosyl, respectively. The characterized mucilages and gum were individually formulated into nanoparticulate system using their complementarily charged polymer chitosan. The particles were observed to be spherical in shape in the range of 61.5-90 nm having zetapotential between 31 and 34 mV and PDI of 0.097-0.241. The prepared nanoparticles were observed to be nonirritant and nontoxic in vitro and in vivo upto 2000 μg/ml. Therefore, these mucilages and gum can be the alternatives of anionic polymers for the ocular drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, (Off campus J.S.S. University, Mysore) , Udhagamandalam , India
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Li C, Hein S, Wang K. Chitosan-Carrageenan Polyelectrolyte Complex for the Delivery of Protein Drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5402/2013/629807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A chitosan-carrageenan polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) was prepared by salt induced impeding of polyplex formation method and was encapsulated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to study the potential to be tailored to the pH responsive oral delivery of protein drugs. The FTIR spectra showed the successful formation of the PEC under the experimental condition. The release kinetics of BSA from the PEC was studied in the simulated gastrointestinal fluids with and without digestive enzymes. The prepared PEC showed the nature of pH-sensitivity. A typical controlled release of BSA from the PEC (180 μg of BSA from 3 mg of PEC) was obtained in the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7.5), which was due to the significant swelling and disintegration of PEC, but little amount of BSA was released (11 μg of BSA from 3 mg of PEC) in the simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2), confirming acidic stability of the prepared PEC. The presence of digestive enzymes was found not to affect the response of PEC to ambient pH value, but to speed up the release of BSA from carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunben Li
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459
- School of Life Sciences & Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489
| | - San Hein
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459
| | - Kean Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Petroleum Institute, P. O. Box 2533, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Shinde UA, Shete JN, Nair HA, Singh KH. Design and characterization of chitosan-alginate microspheres for ocular delivery of azelastine. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:813-23. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.836217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Davison N, Yuan H, de Bruijn JD, Barrere-de Groot F. In vivo performance of microstructured calcium phosphate formulated in novel water-free carriers. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2759-69. [PMID: 22487931 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoinductive calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics can be combined with polymeric carriers to make shapeable bone substitutes as an alternative to autologous bone; however, carriers containing water may degrade the ceramic surface microstructure, which is crucial to bone formation. In this study five novel tricalcium phosphate (TCP) formulations were designed from water-free polymeric binders and osteoinductive TCP granules of different particle sizes (500-1000 μm for moldable putty forms, and 150-500 μm for flowable paste forms). The performance of these novel TCP formulations was studied and compared with control TCP granules alone (both 150-500 and 500-1000 μm). In vitro the five TCP formulations were characterized by their carrier dissolution times and TCP mineralization kinetic profiles in simulated body fluid. In vivo the formulations were implanted in the dorsal muscle and a unicortical femoral defect (Ø=5 mm) of dogs for 12 weeks. The TCP formulation based on a xanthan gum-glycerol carrier exhibited fast carrier dissolution (1 h) and TCP mineralization (7 days) in vitro, but induced inflammation and showed little ectopic bone formation. This carrier chemistry was thus found to disrupt the early cellular response related to osteoinduction by microstructured TCP. TCP formulations based on carboxymethyl cellulose-glycerol and Polyoxyl 15-hydroxystearate-Pluronic(®) F127 allowed the in vitro surface mineralization of TCP by day 7 and produced the highest level of orthotopic bone bridging and ectopic bone formation, which was equivalent to the control. These results demonstrate that water-free carriers can preserve the chemistry, microstructure, and performance of osteoinductive CaP ceramics.
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Hydrogels as drug-delivery platforms: physicochemical barriers and solutions. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:775-86. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of hydrogels, in particular their high biocompatibility and water sorption uptake, make hydrogels very attractive in drug delivery and biomedical devices. These favorable features of hydrogels are compromised by certain structural limitations such as those associated with their low mechanical strength in the swollen state. This review highlights the most important challenges that may seriously affect the practical implementation of hydrogels in clinical practice and the solutions that may be applied to overcome these limitations.
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Bellini MZ, Pires ALR, Vasconcelos MO, Moraes ÂM. Comparison of the properties of compacted and porous lamellar chitosan-xanthan membranes as dressings and scaffolds for the treatment of skin lesions. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Douglas KL, Tabrizian M. Effect of experimental parameters on the formation of alginate–chitosan nanoparticles and evaluation of their potential application as DNA carrier. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 16:43-56. [PMID: 15796304 DOI: 10.1163/1568562052843339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study introduces a new procedure to prepare alginate-chitosan nanoparticles and examines several experimental parameters in relation to their formation and characteristics. Using DLS and TEM analysis, nanoparticle formation was shown to be predominantly affected by the ratio of alginate to chitosan, the molecular weight of the biopolymers and the solution pH. We report a method that results in spherical particles with mean diameters ranging from 323 nm to 1.6 microm, depending on the preparation conditions. The smallest particles were formed using lower molecular weight polymers with pH between 5.0 and 5.6 and having an alginate/chitosan weight ratio of 1:1.5. We have shown that DNA can be loaded with 60% association efficiency. Our system demonstrates suitable size, loading and release characteristics for application in drug- and gene-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Douglas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
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Zhang Z, Cui H. Biodegradability and biocompatibility study of poly(chitosan-g-lactic acid) scaffolds. Molecules 2012; 17:3243-58. [PMID: 22418927 PMCID: PMC6268052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17033243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A biodegradable, biocompatible poly(chitosan-g-lactic acid) (PCLA) scaffold was prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The PCLA scaffold was obtained by grafting lactic acid (LA) onto the amino groups on chitosan (CS) without a catalyst. The PCLA scaffolds were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The biodegradabilty was determined by mass loss in vitro, and degradation in vivo as a function of feed ratio of LA/CS. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) culture experiments and histological examination were performed to evaluate the PCLA scaffolds’ biocompatibility. The results indicated that PCLA was promising for tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Huifei Cui
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +86-531-8838-0288
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Bajaj G, Van Alstine WG, Yeo Y. Zwitterionic chitosan derivative, a new biocompatible pharmaceutical excipient, prevents endotoxin-mediated cytokine release. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30899. [PMID: 22292072 PMCID: PMC3265529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a cationic polymer of natural origin and has been widely explored as a pharmaceutical excipient for a broad range of biomedical applications. While generally considered safe and biocompatible, chitosan has the ability to induce inflammatory reactions, which varies with the physical and chemical properties. We hypothesized that the previously reported zwitterionic chitosan (ZWC) derivative had relatively low pro-inflammatory potential because of the aqueous solubility and reduced amine content. To test this, we compared various chitosans with different aqueous solubilities or primary amine contents with respect to the intraperitoneal (i.p.) biocompatibility and the propensity to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine production from macrophages. ZWC was relatively well tolerated in ICR mice after i.p. administration and had no pro-inflammatory effect on naïve macrophages. Comparison with other chitosans indicates that these properties are mainly due to the aqueous solubility at neutral pH and relatively low molecular weight of ZWC. Interestingly, ZWC had a unique ability to suppress cytokine/chemokine production in macrophages challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This effect is likely due to the strong affinity of ZWC to LPS, which inactivates the pro-inflammatory function of LPS, and appears to be related to the reduced amine content. Our finding warrants further investigation of ZWC as a functional biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Bajaj
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - William G. Van Alstine
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Yoon Yeo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
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Cheng Y, Luo X, Payne GF, Rubloff GW. Biofabrication: programmable assembly of polysaccharide hydrogels in microfluidics as biocompatible scaffolds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16215f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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43
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Preparation and characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan cross-linking composite membrane intended for tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:43-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Veiga IG, Moraes ÂM. Study of the swelling and stability properties of chitosan-xanthan membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Al-Akayleh F, Al Remawi M, Rashid I, Badwan A. Formulation andIn vitroassessment of sustained release terbutaline sulfate tablet made from binary hydrophilic polymer mixtures. Pharm Dev Technol 2011; 18:1204-12. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2011.620968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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46
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Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of chitooligosaccharides upon lymphocytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:433-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Arora S, Gupta S, Narang RK, Budhiraja RD. Amoxicillin loaded chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles as mucopenetrating delivery system for h. Pylori. Sci Pharm 2011; 79:673-94. [PMID: 21886911 PMCID: PMC3163361 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1011-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study has been undertaken to apply the concept of nanoparticulate mucopenetrating drug delivery system for complete eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), colonised deep into the gastric mucosal lining. Most of the existing drug delivery systems have failed on account of either improper mucoadhesion or mucopenetration and no dosage form with dual activity of adhesion and penetration has been designed till date for treating H. pylori induced disorders. In the present study, novel chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (CS-ALG PEC) nanoparticles of amoxicillin have been designed and optimized for various variables such as pH and mixing ratio of polymers, concentrations of polymers, drug and surfactant, using 33 Box-Behnken design. Various studies like particle size, surface charge, percent drug entrapment, in-vitro mucoadhesion and in-vivo mucopenetration of nanoparticles on rat models were conducted. The optimised FITC labelled CS-ALG PEC nanoparticles have shown comparative low in-vitro mucoadhesion with respect to plain chitosan nanoparticles, but excellent mucopenetration and localization as observed with increased fluorescence in gastric mucosa continuously over 6 hours, which clinically can help in eradication of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saahil Arora
- Nanomedicine Research Centre, Department of Pharmaceutics, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001 (Punjab), India
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Polyelectrolyte complex of carboxymethyl starch and chitosan as drug carrier for oral administration. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Bawa P, Pillay V, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Ndesendo VMK, Kumar P. A composite polyelectrolytic matrix for controlled oral drug delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:227-38. [PMID: 21225384 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to formulate drug-loaded polyelectrolyte matrices constituting blends of pectin, chitosan (CHT) and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAAm) for controlling the premature solvation of the polymers and modulating drug release. The model drug employed was the highly water-soluble antihistamine, diphenhydramine HCl (DPH). Polyelectrolyte complex formation was validated by infrared spectroscopy. Matrices were characterized by textural profiling, porositometry and SEM. Drug release studies were performed under simulated gastrointestinal conditions using USP apparatus 3. FTIR spectra revealed distinctive peaks indicating the presence of -COO(-) symmetrical stretching (1,425-1,390 cm(-1)) and -NH (3) (+) deformation (1,535 cm(-1)) with evidence of electrostatic interaction between the cationic CHT and anionic HPAAm corroborated by molecular mechanics simulations of the complexes. Pectin-HPAAm matrices showed electrostatic attraction due to residual -NH(2) and -COO(-) groups of HPAAm and pectin, respectively. Textural profiling demonstrated that CHT-HPAAm matrices were most resilient at 6.1% and pectin-CHT-HPAAm matrices were the least (3.9%). Matrix hardness and deformation energy followed similar behavior. Pectin-CHT-HPAAm and CHT-HPAAm matrices produced type IV isotherms with H3 hysteresis and mesopores (22.46 nm) while pectin-HPAAm matrices were atypical with hysteresis at a low P/P(0) and pore sizes of 5.15 nm and a large surface area. At t (2 h), no DPH was released from CHT-HPAAm matrices, whereas 28.2% and 82.2% was released from pectin-HPAAm and pectin-CHT-HPAAm matrices, respectively. At t (4 h), complete DPH release was achieved from pectin-CHT-HPAAm matrices in contrast to only 35% from CHT-HPAAm matrices. This revealed the release-modulating capability of each matrix signifying their applicability in controlled oral drug delivery applications.
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Jiang H, Zuo Y, Cheng L, Wang H, Gu A, Li Y. A homogenous CS/NaCMC/n-HA polyelectrolyte complex membrane prepared by gradual electrostatic assembling. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:289-97. [PMID: 21140198 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A homogenous membrane composed of chitosan (CS), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and nano hydroxyapatite (n-HA) was prepared by a gradual electrostatic assembling (GEA) method. The physical and chemical properties of the membranes with different n-HA contents and CS/NaCMC ratios were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and mechanical test. The schematic formation mechanism of the membrane was discussed. The results show that GEA is an effective method to prepare the polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) membrane, in which oppositely charged CS-NaCMC polysaccharides can assemble mildly and gradually through electrostatic interaction to form the membrane framework, while the filled n-HA crystals can regulate the structure stability of the composite membrane. The optimum preparation condition for the PEC membrane can be fixed to a content of 60 wt% n-HA, an equivalent amount of CS to NaCMC and a drying temperature of 60°C. The PEC membrane may have good prospect for guided bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
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