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Rivera-Mulia JC, Schwerer H, Besnard E, Desprat R, Trevilla-Garcia C, Sima J, Bensadoun P, Zouaoui A, Gilbert DM, Lemaitre JM. Cellular senescence induces replication stress with almost no affect on DNA replication timing. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1667-1681. [PMID: 29963964 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1491235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Organismal aging entails a gradual decline of normal physiological functions and a major contributor to this decline is withdrawal of the cell cycle, known as senescence. Senescence can result from telomere diminution leading to a finite number of population doublings, known as replicative senescence (RS), or from oncogene overexpression, as a protective mechanism against cancer. Senescence is associated with large-scale chromatin re-organization and changes in gene expression. Replication stress is a complex phenomenon, defined as the slowing or stalling of replication fork progression and/or DNA synthesis, which has serious implications for genome stability, and consequently in human diseases. Aberrant replication fork structures activate the replication stress response leading to the activation of dormant origins, which is thought to be a safeguard mechanism to complete DNA replication on time. However, the relationship between replicative stress and the changes in the spatiotemporal program of DNA replication in senescence progression remains unclear. Here, we studied the DNA replication program during senescence progression in proliferative and pre-senescent cells from donors of various ages by single DNA fiber combing of replicated DNA, origin mapping by sequencing short nascent strands and genome-wide profiling of replication timing (TRT). We demonstrate that, progression into RS leads to reduced replication fork rates and activation of dormant origins, which are the hallmarks of replication stress. However, with the exception of a delay in RT of the CREB5 gene in all pre-senescent cells, RT was globally unaffected by replication stress during entry into either oncogene-induced or RS. Consequently, we conclude that RT alterations associated with physiological and accelerated aging, do not result from senescence progression. Our results clarify the interplay between senescence, aging and replication programs and demonstrate that RT is largely resistant to replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hélène Schwerer
- b Laboratory of Genome and Stem Cell Plasticity in Development and Aging , Institute of Regenerative Medicine, U1183, Université de Montpellier , Montpellier Cedex , France
| | - Emilie Besnard
- b Laboratory of Genome and Stem Cell Plasticity in Development and Aging , Institute of Regenerative Medicine, U1183, Université de Montpellier , Montpellier Cedex , France
| | - Romain Desprat
- c Stem cell Core Facility SAFE-iPS INGESTEM , CHU Montpellier, Saint Eloi Hospital , Montpellier Cedex , France
| | | | - Jiao Sima
- a Department of Biological Science , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL , USA
| | - Paul Bensadoun
- b Laboratory of Genome and Stem Cell Plasticity in Development and Aging , Institute of Regenerative Medicine, U1183, Université de Montpellier , Montpellier Cedex , France
| | - Anissa Zouaoui
- c Stem cell Core Facility SAFE-iPS INGESTEM , CHU Montpellier, Saint Eloi Hospital , Montpellier Cedex , France
| | - David M Gilbert
- a Department of Biological Science , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL , USA.,d Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL , USA
| | - Jean-Marc Lemaitre
- b Laboratory of Genome and Stem Cell Plasticity in Development and Aging , Institute of Regenerative Medicine, U1183, Université de Montpellier , Montpellier Cedex , France.,c Stem cell Core Facility SAFE-iPS INGESTEM , CHU Montpellier, Saint Eloi Hospital , Montpellier Cedex , France
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White JD, Grounds MD. Harnessing the therapeutic potential of myogenic stem cells. Cytotechnology 2011; 41:153-64. [PMID: 19002952 DOI: 10.1023/a:1024830924103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential clinical use of stem cells for cell transplantation therapies to replace defective genes in myopathies is an area of intense investigation. Precursor cells derived from non-muscle tissue with myogenic potential have been identified in many tissues, including bone marrow and dermis, although the status of these putative stem cells requires clarification. The incorporation of circulating bone-marrow derived stem cells into regenerating adult skeletal muscle has been demonstrated in mice but the contribution of donor cells is so minimal that it would appear clinically irrelevant at this stage. The possibility of a true stem cell subpopulation within skeletal muscle that replenishes the satellite cells (conventional muscle precursors on the surface of myofibres) is also very attractive as a superior source of myoblasts for muscle construction. A full understanding of the intrinsic factors (i.e. gene expression within the stem cell) and extrinsic factors (i.e. signals from the external environment) which control the commitment of stem cells to the myogenic lineage, and the conditions which favour stem cell expansion in vivo is required before stem cells can be seriously considered for clinical cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D White
- School of Anatomy and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (Author for correspondence; E-mail,
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Markert CD, Atala A, Cann JK, Christ G, Furth M, Ambrosio F, Childers MK. Mesenchymal stem cells: emerging therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PM R 2009; 1:547-59. [PMID: 19627945 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent cells that can give rise to bone, cartilage, fat, connective tissue, and skeletal and cardiac muscle are termed mesenchymal stem cells. These cells were first identified in the bone marrow, distinct from blood-forming stem cells. Based on the embryologic derivation, availability, and various pro-regenerative characteristics, research exploring their use in cell therapy shows great promise for patients with degenerative muscle diseases and a number of other conditions. In this review, the authors explore the potential for mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the emerging field of regenerative medicine with a focus on treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Markert
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, and Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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PYE DEBORAH, WATT DIANAJ. Dermal fibroblasts participate in the formation of new muscle fibres when implanted into regenerating normal mouse muscle. J Anat 2001; 198:163-73. [PMID: 11273041 PMCID: PMC1468215 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19820163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both in vitro and in vivo studies have described the conversion of fibroblasts to myogenesis when in the presence of dysfunctional myogenic cells. Myogenic conversion of fibroblasts subjected to a normal, as opposed to a diseased muscle environment has only been reported in vitro. The primary aim of this work was to determine if fibroblasts can convert to a myogenic lineage and contribute to new fibre formation when implanted into the regenerating muscle of a normal mouse. Dermal fibroblasts were prepared from neonatal mouse skin and labelled prior to implantation with the fluorescent nuclear marker 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Cells were implanted into muscles of host mice that had been subjected to either cold/crush or minced muscle injury. Some host muscles were x-irradiated to deplete the muscle of endogenous muscle precursor cells. Muscles were removed at 3 wk postimplantation and analysed both histologically and for the presence of DAPI labelled nuclei. Fibres containing DAPI labelled central nuclei indicated that the implanted cells had participated in the regenerative process. Mouse dermal fibroblasts therefore do contribute to muscle fibre formation in regenerating normal mouse muscle but the extent of their contribution is dependent on the nature of the trauma induced in the host muscle. The study also showed that regeneration was more successful in muscles which had not been irradiated, which is contrary to the previous studies where dermal fibroblasts were introduced into myopathic mouse muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- DEBORAH PYE
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - DIANA J.
WATT
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK
- Correspondence to Dr Diana Watt, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Division of Neuroscience & Psychological Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, Charing Cross Campus, St Dunstan's Road, London W6 8RP. Tel: 44-181-846-7029; fax: 44-181-846-7025; e-mail:
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