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Gal-3BP in Viral Infections: An Emerging Role in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137314. [PMID: 35806317 PMCID: PMC9266551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 binding protein (Gal-3BP) is a multifunctional glycoprotein involved in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions known to be upregulated in cancer and various viral infections, including HIV-1, HCV, and SARS-CoV-2, with a key role in regulating the antiviral immune response. Studies have identified a direct correlation between circulating levels of Gal-3BP and the severity of disease and/or disease progression for some viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, suggesting a role of Gal-3BP in these processes. Due to Gal-3BP’s complex biology, the molecular mechanisms underlying its role in viral diseases have been only partially clarified. Gal-3BP induces the expression of interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), mainly interacting with galectin-3, targeting the TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAF-6 and TRAF-3) complex, thus having a putative role in the modulation of TGF-β signaling. In addition, an antiviral activity of Gal-3BP has been ascribed to a direct interaction of the protein with virus components. In this review, we explored the role of Gal-3BP in viral infections and the relationship between Gal-3BP upregulation and disease severity and progression, mainly focusing on SARS-CoV-2. Augmented knowledge of Gal-3BP’s role in virus infections can be useful to evaluate its possible use as a prognostic biomarker and as a putative target to block or attenuate severe disease.
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Capone E, Iacobelli S, Sala G. Role of galectin 3 binding protein in cancer progression: a potential novel therapeutic target. J Transl Med 2021; 19:405. [PMID: 34565385 PMCID: PMC8474792 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03085-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP) is a secreted, hyperglycosylated protein expressed by the majority of human cells. It was first identified as cancer and metastasis associated protein, while its role in innate immune response upon viral infection remains still to be clarified. Since its discovery dated in early 90 s, a large body of literature has been accumulating highlighting both a prognostic and functional role for LGALS3BP in cancer. Moreover, data from our group and other have strongly suggested that this protein is enriched in cancer-associated extracellular vesicles and may be considered a promising candidate for a targeted therapy in LGALS3BP positive cancers. Here, we extensively reviewed the literature relative to LGALS3BP role in cancer and its potential value as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Capone
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy. .,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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Beitari S, Wang Y, Liu SL, Liang C. HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein at the Interface of Host Restriction and Virus Evasion. Viruses 2019; 11:v11040311. [PMID: 30935048 PMCID: PMC6521621 DOI: 10.3390/v11040311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Without viral envelope proteins, viruses cannot enter cells to start infection. As the major viral proteins present on the surface of virions, viral envelope proteins are a prominent target of the host immune system in preventing and ultimately eliminating viral infection. In addition to the well-appreciated adaptive immunity that produces envelope protein-specific antibodies and T cell responses, recent studies have begun to unveil a rich layer of host innate immune mechanisms restricting viral entry. This review focuses on the exciting progress that has been made in this new direction of research, by discussing various known examples of host restriction of viral entry, and diverse viral countering strategies, in particular, the emerging role of viral envelope proteins in evading host innate immune suppression. We will also highlight the effective cooperation between innate and adaptive immunity to achieve the synergistic control of viral infection by targeting viral envelope protein and checking viral escape. Given that many of the related findings were made with HIV-1, we will use HIV-1 as the model virus to illustrate the basic principles and molecular mechanisms on host restriction targeting HIV-1 envelope protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saina Beitari
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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Loimaranta V, Hepojoki J, Laaksoaho O, Pulliainen AT. Galectin-3-binding protein: A multitask glycoprotein with innate immunity functions in viral and bacterial infections. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:777-786. [PMID: 29882603 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3vmr0118-036r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3-binding protein (Gal-3BP) is a ubiquitous and multifunctional secreted glycoprotein originally identified and mainly studied in the context of neoplastic transformation and cancer progression. However, Gal-3BP expression is induced in viral infection and by a multitude of molecules that either mimic or are characteristic for an ongoing inflammation and microbial infection, such as IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, poly(I:C), dsRNA, and dsDNA. Furthermore, Gal-3BP belongs to the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain-containing protein family, by virtue of its N-terminal SRCR domain. The SRCR domain is found in soluble or membrane-associated innate immunity-related proteins and is implicated in self-nonself discrimination. This review summarizes the current knowledge of structural features of Gal-3BP and its proposed intracellular and extracellular innate immunity functions with special emphasis on viral and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuokko Loimaranta
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olli Laaksoaho
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Arto T Pulliainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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5
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EB1-binding-myomegalin protein complex promotes centrosomal microtubules functions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E10687-E10696. [PMID: 29162697 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705682114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of microtubule dynamics underlies several fundamental processes such as cell polarity, cell division, and cell motility. To gain insights into the mechanisms that control microtubule dynamics during cell motility, we investigated the interactome of the microtubule plus-end-binding protein end-binding 1 (EB1). Via molecular mapping and cross-linking mass spectrometry we identified and characterized a large complex associating a specific isoform of myomegalin termed "SMYLE" (for short myomegalin-like EB1 binding protein), the PKA scaffolding protein AKAP9, and the pericentrosomal protein CDK5RAP2. SMYLE was associated through an evolutionarily conserved N-terminal domain with AKAP9, which in turn was anchored at the centrosome via CDK5RAP2. SMYLE connected the pericentrosomal complex to the microtubule-nucleating complex (γ-TuRC) via Galectin-3-binding protein. SMYLE associated with nascent centrosomal microtubules to promote microtubule assembly and acetylation. Disruption of SMYLE interaction with EB1 or AKAP9 prevented microtubule nucleation and their stabilization at the leading edge of migrating cells. In addition, SMYLE depletion led to defective astral microtubules and abnormal orientation of the mitotic spindle and triggered G1 cell-cycle arrest, which might be due to defective centrosome integrity. As a consequence, SMYLE loss of function had a profound impact on tumor cell motility and proliferation, suggesting that SMYLE might be an important player in tumor progression.
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Hepojoki J, Strandin T, Hetzel U, Sironen T, Klingström J, Sane J, Mäkelä S, Mustonen J, Meri S, Lundkvist Å, Vapalahti O, Lankinen H, Vaheri A. Acute hantavirus infection induces galectin-3-binding protein. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:2356-2364. [PMID: 25013204 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.066837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses are zoonotic viruses that cause life-threatening diseases when transmitted to humans. Severe hantavirus infection is manifested by impairment of renal function, pulmonary oedema and capillary leakage. Both innate and adaptive immune responses contribute to the pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we showed that galectin-3-binding protein (Gal-3BP) was upregulated as a result of hantavirus infection both in vitro and in vivo. Gal-3BP is a secreted glycoprotein found in human serum, and increased Gal-3BP levels have been reported in chronic viral infections and in several types of cancer. Our in vitro experiments showed that, whilst Vero E6 cells (an African green monkey kidney cell line) constitutively expressed and secreted Gal-3BP, this protein was detected in primary human cells only as a result of hantavirus infection. Analysis of Gal-3BP levels in serum samples of cynomolgus macaques infected experimentally with hantavirus indicated that hantavirus infection induced Gal-3BP also in vivo. Finally, analysis of plasma samples collected from patients hospitalized because of acute hantavirus infection showed higher Gal-3BP levels during the acute than the convalescent phase. Furthermore, the Gal-3BP levels in patients with haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome correlated with increased complement activation and with clinical variables reflecting the severity of acute hantavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, Peptide and Protein Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Strandin
- Department of Virology, Peptide and Protein Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Udo Hetzel
- Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Virology, Peptide and Protein Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska, University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jussi Sane
- Department of Virology, Peptide and Protein Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Mäkelä
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Mustonen
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Finland.,Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Virology, Peptide and Protein Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hilkka Lankinen
- Department of Virology, Peptide and Protein Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Vaheri
- Department of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Finland.,Department of Virology, Peptide and Protein Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Lodermeyer V, Suhr K, Schrott N, Kolbe C, Stürzel CM, Krnavek D, Münch J, Dietz C, Waldmann T, Kirchhoff F, Goffinet C. 90K, an interferon-stimulated gene product, reduces the infectivity of HIV-1. Retrovirology 2013; 10:111. [PMID: 24156545 PMCID: PMC3827937 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to viral infections, interferons induce the transcription of several hundred genes in mammalian cells. Specific antiviral functions, however, have only been attributed to a few of them. 90K/LGALS3BP has been reported to be an interferon-stimulated gene that is upregulated in individuals with cancer or HIV-1 infection. RESULTS Here, we show that 90K expression dose-dependently decreased the particle infectivity of HIV-1 progeny. The lower infectivity of released particles correlated with reduced virion incorporation of mature envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41. Further, proteolytic processing of the gp160 precursor and surface expression of gp120 in the producer cell were impaired in the presence of 90K expression. In contrast, expression of Gag, Nef and Vpu, and virus release were not grossly affected by 90K expression. 90K-imposed restriction occurred in the absence of direct interaction of 90K with HIV-1 Env or entrapment of Env in the ER. The cell-associated, but not the secreted species of 90K, mediated the antiviral effect. A truncated version of human 90K, solely consisting of the two intermediate domains, displayed a similar antiviral activity as the full-length wildtype 90K, indicating that the N-terminal SRCR-like domain and the C-terminal domain are dispensable for 90K's antiviral activity. The murine homolog of 90K, CypCAP (Cyclophilin C-associated protein), neither modulated particle infectivity of HIV-1 nor lowered the virion incorporation of mature gp120, suggesting a species-specific mode of action. 90K was expressed at basal levels in TZM-bl cells and in primary macrophages, and at low levels in CD4⁺ T-cells and PBMCs. 90K's susceptibility to IFN-mediated stimulation of expression was cell type-specific. siRNA-mediated knockdown of 90K in TZM-bl cells and primary macrophages enhanced the incorporation of Env glycoproteins into progeny virions, boosted the particle infectivity of released HIV-1, and accelerated HIV-1 spread. Conversely, treatment of HIV-1 infected macrophages with IFN-α induced 90K expression and lowered the particle infectivity of HIV-1. CONCLUSIONS Thus, 90K constitutes a novel antiviral factor that reduces the particle infectivity of HIV-1, involving interference with the maturation and incorporation of HIV-1 Env molecules into virions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
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8
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Iacovazzi PA, Notarnicola M, Caruso MG, Guerra V, Frisullo S, Altomare DF, Correale M. Serum levels of galectin-3 and its ligand 90k/mac-2bp in colorectal cancer patients. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/08923970902936880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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9
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Ulmer TA, Keeler V, André S, Gabius HJ, Loh L, Laferté S. The tumor-associated antigen 90K/Mac-2-binding protein secreted by human colon carcinoma cells enhances extracellular levels of promatrilysin and is a novel substrate of matrix metalloproteinases-2, -7 (matrilysin) and -9: Implications of proteolytic cleavage. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1800:336-43. [PMID: 19665518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor-associated antigen 90K (TAA90K)/Mac-2-binding protein is expressed at elevated level in cancerous tissues and associated with poor prognosis. Since TAA90K has been implicated in the restructuring of the extracellular matrix, we examined the functional relationship between colon cancer cell-derived TAA90K and the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) promatrilysin (proMMP-7), and also tested whether TAA90K is a novel substrate for MMPs-2, -7 and -9. METHODS The effect of TAA90K on proMMP-7 levels in HT-29 conditioned media was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Binding of TAA90K to MMPs, extracellular matrix proteins and galectin-3 was measured by solid-phase binding assays. Proteolytic cleavage of TAA90K by MMPs was documented by SDS-PAGE and protein sequencing analysis. RESULTS TAA90K enhanced extracellular levels of proMMP-7 in HT-29 cells. In addition, TAA90K was cleaved by MMPs-2, -7 and -9. MMP-7-mediated cleavage of TAA90K did not affect its binding to MMP-7, laminin-1, collagen IV and galectin-3 but reduced its interaction with fibronectin and laminin-10, and lowered the levels of proMMP-7 in the HT-29 medium. CONCLUSION TAA90K is a novel substrate for MMPs-2, -7 and -9 and modulates proMMP-7 levels in colon cancer cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Proteolytic cleavage of TAA90K may have functional implications in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia A Ulmer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Room A3, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E5
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Ulmer TA, Keeler V, Loh L, Chibbar R, Torlakovic E, André S, Gabius HJ, Laferté S. Tumor-associated antigen 90K/Mac-2-binding protein: possible role in colon cancer. J Cell Biochem 2006; 98:1351-66. [PMID: 16518858 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The tumor-associated antigen 90K (TAA90K)/Mac-2-binding protein implicated in cancer progression and metastasis is modified by beta1-6 branched N-linked oligosaccharides in colon cancer cells, glycans shown to contribute to cancer metastasis. To elucidate the role of TAA90K in colon cancer, we examined its expression and function in human colon tumors and colon carcinoma cell lines. Immunohistochemical analyses of colon tumors revealed elevated expression of TAA90K in all samples analyzed compared to normal colon. To examine the function of TAA90K in colon cancer, we carried out protein and cell binding assays using TAA90K-His purified from HT-29 cells colon carcinoma cells infected with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing TAA90K containing a C-terminal poly-histidine tag. TAA90K-His bound to fibronectin, collagen IV, laminins-1, -5, and -10 and galectin-3 (Mac-2) but poorly to collagen I and galectin-1. As expected, binding of TAA90K to galectin-3 was dependent on carbohydrate since it was inhibitable by lactose and asiolofetuin, and a TAA90K-His glycoform purified from HT-29 cells treated with the glycosylation inhibitor 1-deoxymannojirimycin bound poorly to galectin-3. Unlike TAA90K isolated from other cell types, TAA90K-His isolated from colon cancer cells failed to mediate adhesion of colon cancer and normal cell lines, possibly due to cell-type specific glycosylation of TAA90K-His and/or its putative cellular receptor. However, at low concentrations, TAA90K-His enhanced galectin-3-mediated HT-29 cell adhesion while at high concentrations, it inhibited cell adhesion. Thus, a possible mechanism by which TAA90K may contribute to colon cancer progression is by modulating tumor cell adhesion to extracellular proteins, including galectin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia A Ulmer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
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Bair EL, Nagle RB, Ulmer TA, Laferté S, Bowden GT. 90K/Mac-2 binding protein is expressed in prostate cancer and induces promatrilysin expression. Prostate 2006; 66:283-93. [PMID: 16245278 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 90K/Mac-2 binding protein is a cell adhesive protein whose level of expression has been correlated with metastatic potential in many different tumor types. The purpose of this investigation was to examine 90K expression in prostate cancer and to determine a possible role for 90K in cancer progression. METHODS 90K expression in prostate cell lines and tissue samples was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Expression in cell lines was also evaluated by Western blot analysis and real-time RT-PCR. Induction of promatrilysin by 90K was evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS Some of the human prostate cell lines studied expressed 90K. 90K was over-expressed in 38.8% of prostate cancer tumor samples, 7.14% of PIN lesions, and 18.6% of normal tissue. 90K was also shown to induce promatrilysin expression in the prostate cell line, LNCaP. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that 90K is over-expressed in a large fraction of malignant tumors. The fact that 90K can induce expression of promatrilysin indicates a possible role for 90K in cancer progression and metastasis. This suggests that 90K over-expression may be a useful marker for examining prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth L Bair
- Cancer Center Division, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
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Nakamura A, Kobayashi E, Takai T. Exacerbated graft-versus-host disease in Pirb−/− mice. Nat Immunol 2004; 5:623-9. [PMID: 15146181 DOI: 10.1038/ni1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Accepted: 04/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses are often regulated by opposing receptor pairs that recognize the same ligand but deliver either activating or inhibitory signals. Paired immunoglobulin-like receptors (PIRs) expressed on B cells and myeloid cells comprise a major histocompatibility complex class I recognition system that regulates the responsiveness of these cells. Here, activating PIR-A and inhibitory PIR-B bound various mouse major histocompatibility complex class I (H-2) molecules, and in vitro H-2 tetramer stimulation of PIR-B on B cells or PIR-A on macrophages induced intracellular phosphotyrosine signaling. After transfer of allogeneic splenocytes into PIR-B-deficient mice, the mice showed exacerbated graft-versus-host disease, which was due to augmented activation of recipient dendritic cells with concomitant upregulation of PIR-A and increased interferon-gamma production. PIR-A-induced dendritic cell activation also led to increased proliferation of donor cytotoxic T cells. Thus, PIR-A and PIR-B are counteracting receptors that are essential for successful tissue transplantation and may regulate irrelevant reaction to autologous tissues in a constitutive way in physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nakamura
- Department of Experimental Immunology and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Seiryo 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Character of tumor associated protein recognized by monoclonal antibody against Yunnan gejiu lung cancer. Chin J Cancer Res 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02983500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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