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Abu-Lubad MA, Al-Zereini W, Al-Zeer MA. Deregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 as a putative candidate for transformation in Chlamydia trachomatis infected mesenchymal stem cells. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:131-150. [PMID: 36891539 PMCID: PMC9988407 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Several pathological conditions might cause the degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) p27 and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, including cancers and infections. Chlamydia trachomatis (Ctr), as an obligatory intracellular pathogen, has been found to alter the fate of the cell from different aspects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Ctr infection on the expression of the important cell cycle regularity protein p27 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods Isolation of MSCs from healthy human fallopian tube was confirmed by detection of the stemness markers Sox2, Nanog and Oct4 and the surface markers CD44, CD73 and CD90 by Western blotting and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. The expression of p27 was downregulated at the protein level upon Ctr D infection measured by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), IF and Western blotting. Recovery of p27 in Ctr D-infected MSCs was achieved by treatment with difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). Ctr D infected MSCs were able to produce colonies in anchorage-independent soft agar assay. Conclusion Ctr D infection was able to downregulate the expression of the important cell cycle regulator protein p27, which will be considered a putative candidate for transformation in Ctr D infected MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Abu-Lubad
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Wael Al-Zereini
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Munir A Al-Zeer
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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Zhang D, Wang Y, Liang Y, Zhang M, Wei J, Zheng X, Li F, Meng Y, Zhu NW, Li J, Wu XR, Huang C. Loss of p27 upregulates MnSOD in a STAT3-dependent manner, disrupts intracellular redox activity and enhances cell migration. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2920-33. [PMID: 24727615 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.148130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a dynamic process that is central to a variety of physiological functions as well as disease pathogenesis. The modulation of cell migration by p27 (officially known as CDKN1B) has been reported, but the exact mechanism(s) whereby p27 interacts with downstream effectors that control cell migration have not been elucidated. By systematically comparing p27(+/+) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with genetically ablated p27(-/-) MEFs using wound-healing, transwell and time-lapse microscopic analyses, we provide direct evidence that p27 inhibits both directional and random cell migration. Identical results were obtained with normal and cancer epithelial cells using complementary knockdown and overexpression approaches. Additional studies revealed that overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, officially known as SOD2) and reduced intracellular oxidation played a key role in increased cell migration in p27-deficient cells. Furthermore, we identified signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as the transcription factor responsible for p27-regulated MnSOD expression, which was further mediated by ERK- and ATF1-dependent transactivation of the cAMP response element (CRE) within the Stat3 promoter. Collectively, our data strongly indicate that p27 plays a crucial negative role in cell migration by inhibiting MnSOD expression in a STAT3-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Zhang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Yulei Wang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Yuguang Liang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Jinlong Wei
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Fei Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Yan Meng
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Nina Wu Zhu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
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Watson NFS, Durrant LG, Scholefield JH, Madjd Z, Scrimgeour D, Spendlove I, Ellis IO, Patel PM. Cytoplasmic expression of p27 kip1 is associated with a favourable prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:6299-304. [PMID: 17072952 PMCID: PMC4088137 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i39.6299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the prognostic significance of p27kip1 in colorectal cancer patients.
METHODS: Cytoplasmic and nuclear p27kip1 expression was evaluated in 418 colorectal cancers using tissue microarrays. Data were associated with known patient and tumor variables and long-term patient outcomes, providing further insight into the mechanisms by which p27kip1 may influence tumor development.
RESULTS: Nuclear and cytoplasmic p27Kip1 expressions were detected in 59% and 19% of tumors respectively. Cytoplasmic p27Kip1 was almost invariably associated with positive nuclear p27Kip1 expression. Neither case correlated with known clinical or pathological variables, including tumor stage, grade or extramural vascular invasion. Furthermore, nuclear p27kip1 expression had no impact on survival. However, we identified a significant correlation between expression of cytoplasmic p27kip1 and longer disease-specific survival times. On multivariate analysis, TNM stage and extramural vascular invasion were highly significant independent prognostic factors, with positive cytoplasmic p27 expression showing a trend towards improved patient survival (P = 0.059).
CONCLUSION: These findings support the recent evidence that cytoplasmic p27kip1 has a distinct and important biological role that can influence tumor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas F S Watson
- Section of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Nottingham, E Floor, West Block, Queens Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
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Sun LC, Sui GJ, Liu YQ. Expression and prognostic significance of S-phase kinass-associated protein 2 in colorectal carcinoma tissues. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14:2516-2520. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v14.i25.2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To detect the expression of S-phase kinase associated protein 2 (SKP2) and assess its prognostic value in human colorectal carcinoma.
METHODS: SP immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of SKP2 P27 proteins in the tissues of colorectal carcinoma (n = 68). Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model.
RESULTS: Of 68 cases with colorectal carcinoma, the positive rates of SKP2 and P27 expression were 41.2% (n = 28) and 52.9% (n = 36). The expression of SKP2 was significantly correlated with the differentiation of carcinoma (χ2 = 14.073, P = 0.001), but it had no significant correlation with tumor AJCC staging, the gender and ages of patients (P > 0.05). There was a negative correlation between SKP2 and P27 expression (r = -0.528, P = 0.0001). With regard to prognosis, the overall survival rate for patients with the high-SKP2 expression was significantly lower as compared with that for the ones with low-SKP2 expression (31.5 ± 4.0 mo vs 54.5 ± 2.1 mo, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the expression of SKP2 was an independent predictor of prognosis by multivariate Cox regression model analysis (RR = 6.227, P = 0.033).
CONCLUSION: SKP2 expression can serve as a useful prognostic marker in colorectal carcinoma patients.
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Zheng JY, Wang WZ, Li KZ, Guan WX, Yan W. Effect of p27(KIP1) on cell cycle and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 11:7072-7. [PMID: 16437650 PMCID: PMC4725069 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i45.7072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the effect of p27(KIP1) on cell cycle and apoptosis regulation in gastric carcinoma cells. METHODS The whole length of p27(KIP1) cDNA was transfected into human gastric cancer cell line SCG7901 by lipofectamine. Expression of p27(KIP1) protein or mRNA was analyzed by Western blot and RNA dot blotting, respectively. Effect of p27(KIP1) on cell growth was observed by MTT assay and anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Tumorigenicity in nude mice was used to assess the in vivo biological effect of p27(KIP1). Flow cytometry, TUNEL, and electron microscopy were used to assess the effect of p27(KIP1) on cell cycle and apoptosis. RESULTS Expression of p27(KIP1) protein or mRNA increased evidently in SCG7901 cells transfected with p27(KIP1). The cell growth was reduced by 31% at 48 h after induction with zinc determined by cell viability assay. The alteration of cell malignant phenotype was evidently indicated by the loss of anchorage-independent growth ability in soft agar. The tumorigenicity in nude mice was reduced evidently (0.55+/-0.14 cm vs 1.36+/-0.13 cm, P<0.01). p27(KIP1) overexpression caused cell arrest with 36% increase (from 33.7% to 69.3%, P<0.01) in G1 population. Prolonged p27(KIP1) expression induced apoptotic cell death reflected by pre-G1 peak in the histogram of FACS, which was also confirmed by TUNEL assay and electron microscopy. CONCLUSION p27(KIP1) can prolong cell cycle in G1 phase and lead to apoptosis. p27(KIP1) may be a good candidate for cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Ma XM, Liu Y, Guo JW, Liu JH, Zuo LF. Relation of overexpression of S phase kinase-associated protein 2 with reduced expression of p27 and PTEN in human gastric carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:6716-21. [PMID: 16425372 PMCID: PMC4355772 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i42.6716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the significance of S phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) expression in human gastric carcinoma and the relation between expressions of Skp2, p27 and PTEN.
METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 138 gastric carcinoma specimens, their paired adjacent mucosa specimens, 102 paired lymphatic metastatic carcinoma tissue specimens, 30 dysplasia specimens, 30 intestinal metaplasia specimens, 10 chronic superficial gastritis specimens and 5 normal gastric mucosa specimens for Skp2 expression and on 138 gastric carcinoma specimens for p27 and PTEN expression.
RESULTS: Skp2 labeling frequency was significantly higher in intestinal metaplasia (12.68±0.86) and adjacent mucosa (19.32±1.22) than in normal gastric mucosa (0.53±0.13) and chronic superficial gastritis (0.47±0.19) (P = 0.000); in dysplasia (16.74±0.82) than in intestinal metaplasia (P = 0.000); in gastric primary carcinoma (31.34±2.17) than in dysplasia and adjacent mucosa (P = 0.000); in metastasis gastric carcinoma in lymph nodes (39.76±2.00) than in primary gastric carcinoma (P = 0.037), respectively. Skp2 labeling frequency was positively associated with differentiation degree (rho = 0.315, P = 0.000), vessel invasion (rho = 0.303, P = 0.000) and lymph node metastasis (rho = 0.254, P = 0.000) of gastric cancer. Expression of Skp2 was negatively associated with p27 (rho = -0.451, P = 0.000) and PTEN (rho = -0.480, P = 0.000) expression in gastric carcinoma. p27 ex-pression was positively associated with PTEN expression in gastric carcinoma (rho = 0.642, P = 0.000).
CONCLUSION: Skp2 overexpression may be involved in carcinogenesis and progression of human gastric carcinoma in vivo, possibly via p27 proteolysis. PTEN may regulate the expression of p27 by negatively regulating Skp2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Mei Ma
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
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Nan KJ, Jing Z, Gong L. Expression and altered subcellular localization of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 Kip1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10:1425-30. [PMID: 15133847 PMCID: PMC4656278 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i10.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate p27 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), adjacent nontumoral and normal liver tissues, and to verify whether the subcellular localization of p27 was altered in HCC.
METHODS: The level of p27 in tumoral, nontumoral, and normal liver tissues were assessed by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Parallel immunostaining was done for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) to evaluate cell proliferation.
RESULTS: The labeling index (LI) of p27 in tumoral lesions was significantly lower than that in adjacent nontumoral lesions (t = 2.444, P = 0.017) and normal controls (t = 2.268, P = 0.029). The LI of p27 significantly decreased in patients with massive type (t = 2.227, P = 0.037) and infiltration (t = 2.197, P = 0.036). The prognosis of patients with higher p27 LI was longer than that of patients with lower p27 LI (P = 0.0247, log-rank test). The LI of PCNA was significantly higher in HCC than that in adjacent nontumoral lesions (t = 2.092, P = 0.041) and normal controls (t = 3.533, P = 0.002). There was no significant correlation between p27 expression and cell proliferation in tumor samples. The level of p27 in the cytoplasmic fraction was higher in tumoral and nontumoral liver tissues, and was associated with clinical stage (t = 2.520, P = 0.029) and the degree of invasion (t = 2.640, P = 0.019). Survival analysis showed that p27 was an independent prognosis marker for HCC patients.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that p27 underexp-ressing in patients with HCC is closely associated with infiltration, metastasis, and prognosis. Alterations in the subcellular localization of p27 protein may occur early during hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jun Nan
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 1 Jiankang Xilu, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
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