Synthesis, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of new conjugates of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine with α-aminophosphonates

A series of the first conjugates of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine with α-aminophosphonates was synthesized using the Kabachnik-Fields reaction, the Pudovik reaction, a copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) and evaluated for the in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines M - HeLa, HuTu-80, A549, PANC-1, MCF-7, T98G and normal lung fibroblast cells WI-38. The tested conjugates, with exception of compound 21b, considered as a lead compound, were either inactive against the used cancer cells or showed moderate cytotoxicity in the range of IC50 values 33-80 μM. The lead compound 21b, being non cytotoxic against normal human cells WI-38 (IC50 = 90 μM), demonstrated good activity (IC50 = 17 μM) against breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) which to be 1.5 times higher than the activity of the used reference anticancer drug tamoxifen (IC50 = 25.0 μM). A flexible receptor molecular docking simulation showed that the cytotoxicity of the synthesized conjugates of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine with α-aminophosphonates against breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell line is due to their ability to inhibit EGFR kinase domain. In addition, it was found that conjugates 22a and 22b demonstrated antioxidant activity that was not typical for α-aminophosphonates.

New (alpha-Hydroxyalkyl)phosphorus Amphiphiles: Synthesis and Dissociation Constants

Direct synthesis of free (alpha-hydroxyalkyl)phosphinic acid amphiphiles 1 can be readily realized by sonication of the heterogeneous mixture of 50% aqueous hypophosphorous acid and long-chain aldehydes in the presence of catalytic amounts of hydrochloric acid. Oxidation of these phosphinic acids by DMSO in the presence of catalytic amounts of iodine quantitatively leads to the corresponding phosphonic acids 3. IR spectra of the phosphinic acids 1 in the condensed phase and in solution reveal the presence of intra- and intermolecular associations. Dissociation constants of the phosphorus acids 1 and 3 determined by potentiometric and (31)P NMR titrations show a good correlation between the two methods. The phosphinic acid amphiphiles 1 are slightly stronger than the corresponding phosphonic acids 3. (alpha-Hydroxyalkyl)phosphonium chlorides are prepared in good yields from the phosphine PH(3) and long-chain aldehydes in acidic media.